233 lines
18 KiB
XML
233 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24917" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05a3eb63-ca1b-493d-9a47-48ffde29e3ea" ID-PMC="PMC6079102" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-777-43" ID-PubMed="30100789" ID-ZBK="2680B05F154544D5A8630B6BC001F0F2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-777-43" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 777" ModsDocTitle="Tetrablemmidae, a spider family newly recorded from Cambodia (Arachnida, Araneae)" checkinTime="1533035363726" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yucheng, Li, Shuqiang & Jaeger, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="037DBC5A6A8EBA0C3AE473817BEC262E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 777: 43-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 777" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24917" docTitle="Tetrablemma sokense Lin, Li & Jaeger, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="34822C18-C945-4661-B08A-3528237E073D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FF819E27FFB7FF8BFF92FFA5FFD44109" masterDocTitle="Tetrablemmidae, a spider family newly recorded from Cambodia (Arachnida, Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668166100906" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Tetrablemmidae, a spider family newly recorded from Cambodia (Arachnida, Araneae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Jaeger, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>777</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>55</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24917</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24917</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-777-43</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2680B05F154544D5A8630B6BC001F0F2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2680B05F154544D5A8630B6BC001F0F2</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="146746116" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34822C18-C945-4661-B08A-3528237E073D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/037DBC5A6A8EBA0C3AE473817BEC262E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/34822C18-C945-4661-B08A-3528237E073D" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Tetrablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrablemma sokense" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokense">Tetrablemma sokense</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="44">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 3, 4, 5, 6
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="45" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
|
||
material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Holotype ♂ (SMF), CAMBODIA: Battambang Province, SW Battambang, Phnom Romsay Sok, an anonymous cave, elevation 100 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="12.957778">12°57'28"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="103.10889">103°6'32"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 19 July 2017, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
|
||
& S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Münnich">Muennich</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg. Paratypes 7♂, 20♀ (4♂, 10♀; SMF 3♂, 10♀ NHMSU), same data as holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
This new species can be distinguished from other congeners with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loebli" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="loebli">T. loebli</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bourne, 1980 and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nandan" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nandan">T. nandan</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lin & Li, 2010 by the protruding ocular area of carapace and the vestigial four eyespots in both sexes, the exceptionally slender bulb, and the absence of an epigynal fold in the female vulva (Figs 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sokense" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sokense">T. sokense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. seems similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loebli" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="loebli">T. loebli</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nandan" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nandan">T. nandan</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the appearance of habitus, the shape and configuration of genital organs, but differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. loebli" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="loebli">T. loebli</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the reduced eyes without any black pigments in both sexes, the straight cheliceral horn in lateral view, the narrower bulb, the shorter, twisted embolus, the stubby inner vulval plate, and the falcate central process (Figure 3A, C,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bourne, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="301 - 317" title="New armored spiders of the family Tetrablemmidae from New Ireland and northern India (Araneae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.85520" volume="87" year="1980">Bourne 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 9-10, 14, 16;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 151" title="Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision." volume="162" year="1981">Lehtinen 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 219, 221-223); and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nandan" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nandan">T. nandan</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the converged eyes and flat cephalic area in both sexes, the regular, not swollen palpal femur and tibia, the swollen bulb with a more distorted embolus, the shorter, fingerlike inner vulval plate and the lack of epigynal fold (Figs 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lin, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="18 - 32" title="New armored spiders of the family Tetrablemmidae from China." volume="2440" year="2010">Lin and Li 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 38-39, 44-49).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Tetrablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrablemma sokense" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokense">Tetrablemma sokense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., male holotype (A, B, E, G) and female paratype (C, D, F, H).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
habitus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
prosoma. A, C dorsal B, D ventral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
lateral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
anterior. Abbreviations: CH = cheliceral horns. Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 mm, G, H 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="46" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Male (holotype). Measurements: total length 1.48; carapace 0.53 long, 0.50 wide, 0.48 high; abdomen 1.07 long, 0.60 wide, 0.53 high; clypeus 0.15 high; sternum 0.31 long, 0.29 wide. Length of legs: I 1.42 (0.47, 0.13, 0.35, 0.24, 0.23); II 1.35 (0.44, 0.12, 0.34, 0.23, 0.22); III 1.15 (0.36, 0.11, 0.27, 0.20, 0.21); IV 1.44 (0.49, 0.12, 0.37, 0.23, 0.23).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Prosoma (Figure 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, E, G): reddish-brown, carapace finely reticulated, marginally rugose; four white eyes, as vestigial eyespots in a group, ocular area in anterior half of carapace; ALE>PLE, ALE and PLE adjacent; cephalic part raised, flat top; clypeus high, sloping forward, with sparse setae, marginally round; cheliceral horns long, straight, distal tip sharp, cheliceral lamina developed; endites basally wide, distally narrow, labium trapezoidal, distally truncated; sternum finely reticulated, marginally strongly rugose, posterior end truncated. Legs: yellowish-orange, cuticle striated; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
|
||
with three trichobothria, two on tibia IV, and one on metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Opisthosoma: orange, dorsal scutum long oval, surface reticulated, weakly granulated, bearing sparse long setae; ventral scutum reticulated; lateral scutum I long, and exceeding beyond the posterior margin of preanal scutum; postgenital scutum straight, banded, mesally wide and laterally narrow; preanal scutum flat, nearly oval, with long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Palp (Figure 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
): femoral cuticle ventrally granulated, approx. 2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than patella; patella short and smooth, distinctly longer than cymbium; tibia wide, swollen, approx. 1.2 x wider than femur, with a distal-dorsally trichobothrium; cymbium short, constricted, bearing sparse long setae; bulb long pear-shaped, surface of dilated area smooth, surface of sub-distal area rugose; embolus strongly sclerotized, starting from the apex of bulb; embolic tip cuneate, twisted, sharply pointed; spermophor coiled into a loop in bulb, abruptly twisting to narrow, and open at the embolic tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Tetrablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrablemma sokense" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokense">Tetrablemma sokense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., male holotype (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and female paratype (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
left palp D genital area (untreated) E, F cleared vulva (lactic acid-treated). A prolateral B frontal C retrolateral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
ventral F dorsal. Abbreviations: CP = central process; Cy = palpal cymbium; E = embolus; EP = epigynal pit; Et = embolic tip; IVP = inner vulval plate; PA = preanal scutum; Pb = palpal bulb; POG = postgenital scutum; Sd = spermophor; SR = seminal receptacle; Ti = palpal tibia; VD = vulval duct; VS = vulval stem. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Female (one paratype). Measurements: total length 1.52; carapace 0.55 long, 0.49 wide, 0.47 high; abdomen 1.03 long, 0.67 wide, 0.60 high; clypeus 0.14 high; sternum 0.32 long, 0.28 wide. Length of legs: I 1.39 (0.46, 0.12, 0.37, 0.23, 0.21); II 1.30 (0.42, 0.12, 0.33, 0.22, 0.21); III 1.18 (0.37, 0.11, 0.28, 0.22, 0.20); IV 1.45 (0.48, 0.12, 0.38, 0.24, 0.23).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Prosoma (Figs 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, F, H, 5): coloration and modification as in male, but instead cheliceral horns a small nodule fronto-proximally. Clypeus lower than in male, palps distinctly reduced, palpal tibia with a dorsal trichobothrium. Legs as in male. Opisthosoma: dorsal and ventral scuta as in male; lateral scutum I long, extending beyond posterior margin of preanal scutum; postgenital scutum long, straight, bearing a row of long setae, mesally wide, laterally narrow; preanal scutum weakly sculptured, wider than long, nearly rectangular, with sparse stiff setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Epigyne and vulva (Figure 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
): epigynal fold absent; epigynal pit indistinct, oval, opening at the posterior margin of the pulmonary scutum; vulval stem short, columnar, strongly sclerotized; vulval ducts wide, translucent, widely
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
|
||
-shape; seminal receptacles saccular, transparent; inner vulval plate fingerlike, distinctly sclerotized, slightly tilting; central process small, weakly sclerotized, shorter than inner vulval plate, apically falcate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="biology|habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Habitat and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Cave. The cave entrance was ca. 80 altitudinal meters above the ground at an isolated limestone hill. Almost under every stone only one spider
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="47" start="start">was</pageBreakToken>
|
||
found; silken strands used by the spiders may be the reason for this territoriality (Figure 5). It was the highest density of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tetrablemmidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Tetrablemmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
observed in a cave by the last author. Besides
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tetrablemmidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Tetrablemmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there were
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Oonopidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Oonopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also found under stones),
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pholcidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sparassidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Uloboridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Uloboridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Hersiliidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Hersiliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Agelenidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Agelenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="order">Amblypygi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="order">Isopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Tetrablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrablemma sokense" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokense">Tetrablemma sokense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., live female in cave, Cambodia (green arrows indicating silken strands, photograph by P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Known only from the type locality (Figure 6).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Figure 6. Distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Tetrablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrablemma kepense" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kepense">Tetrablemma kepense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (pink balloon) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Tetrablemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrablemma sokense" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokense">Tetrablemma sokense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (red balloon) in Cambodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |