361 lines
42 KiB
XML
361 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E4910A016B231D6E214C602A5F1E33E7">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="963357693F1E1A31A44790AFD890DCBF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7416214A946C3BDDF3562FF24FE36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214A946C3BDDF3562FF24FE36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214A946C3BDDF3562FF24FE36" lastPageId="244" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BDDF3562FE21FCA3" box="[151,492,798,825]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF3562FE21FCA3" blockId="241.[151,492,798,861]" box="[151,492,798,825]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<heading id="D099471814A946C6BDDF3562FE21FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,492,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF3562FE21FCA3" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[151,492,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF3562FE21FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,492,798,825]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF3562FEA4FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,361,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Propylea dissecta</emphasis>
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(Mulsant)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BDDF353FFE8EFCC6" box="[151,323,835,861]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF353FFE8EFCC6" blockId="241.[151,492,798,861]" box="[151,323,835,861]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BDD7353FFEC9FCC6" box="[159,260,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@242.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="242" captionText="FIGURE 173. Propylea dissecta: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Figs 173</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BC58353FFEF6FCC6" box="[272,315,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 174" captionStartId="243.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@243.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="243" captionText="FIGURE 174. Propylea dissecta (Mulsant), life stages: a. egg; b–j. larva; k, l. pupa; m, n. adult, variants." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262121/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">174</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BDDF35F4FC2FFB81" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF35F4FC17FC04" blockId="241.[151,1146,903,1050]" box="[151,986,903,927]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A946C6BDDF35F4FC17FC04" box="[151,986,903,927]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A946C6BDDF35F4FD86FC04" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,587,903,927]" page="377" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" year="1850">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF35F4FD86FC04" authority="Mulsant, 1850: 377" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="377" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,587,903,927]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Lemnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta" subGenus="Vola">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF35F4FF2EFC04" box="[151,227,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Lemnia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDBA35FBFED2FC04" box="[242,287,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Vola</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BC6635FBFE4DFC04" box="[302,384,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">dissecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BCCE35FBFD86FC04" author="Mulsant, E." box="[390,587,903,927]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant, 1850: 377</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED614A946C6BF1135FBFD40FC04" box="[601,653,903,927]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: “les Indes Orientales”).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF35DAFDC2FC25" blockId="241.[151,1146,903,1050]" box="[151,527,934,958]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A946C6BDDF35DAFDC2FC25" box="[151,527,934,958]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A946C6BDDF35DAFDC6FC25" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,523,934,958]" page="249" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" year="1866">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF35DAFDC6FC25" authority=": Mulsant 1866: 249" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,523,934,958]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Lemnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF35DAFEF1FC25" box="[151,316,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Lemnia dissecta</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BC0135DAFDC6FC25" author="Mulsant, E." box="[329,523,934,958]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">Mulsant 1866: 249</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF35B8FD02FC47" blockId="241.[151,1146,903,1050]" box="[151,719,964,989]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF35B8FD06FC47" authority=": Korschefsky 1932: 531" authorityName="Korschefsky" authorityPageNumber="531" authorityYear="1932" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[151,715,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF35B8FE9FFC47" box="[151,338,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Propylea japonica</emphasis>
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||
ab.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A946C6BC3535B8FD06FC47" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[381,715,964,989]" page="531" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" year="1932">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BC3535B8FE02FC47" box="[381,463,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">dissecta</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BC9435B8FD06FC47" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[476,715,964,989]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 531</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF359FFBB7FC60" blockId="241.[151,1146,903,1050]" box="[151,1146,995,1019]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A946C6BDDF359FFBB7FC60" box="[151,1146,995,1019]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF359FFDC0FC60" authority=": Crotch 1874: 158" authorityName=": Crotch" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,525,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF359FFE86FC60" box="[151,331,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Propylea dissecta</emphasis>
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: Crotch 1874: 158
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A946C6BF5F359FFD14FC60" author="Miyatake, M." box="[535,729,995,1019]" page="15" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" year="1985">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BF5F359FFD14FC60" author="Miyatake, M." box="[535,729,995,1019]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref117726" refString="Miyatake, M. (1985) Coccinellidae collected by the Hokkaido University Expedition to Nepal Himalaya, 1968 (Coleoptera). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 30, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1985">Miyatake 1985: 15</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; Canepari 1997: 48;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A946C6BEE4359FFBBBFC60" author="Poorani, J." box="[940,1142,995,1019]" page="339" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BEE4359FFBBBFC60" author="Poorani, J." box="[940,1142,995,1019]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 339</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF327EFC2FFB81" blockId="241.[151,1146,903,1050]" box="[151,994,1026,1050]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A946C6BDDF327EFC2FFB81" box="[151,994,1026,1050]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF327EFE65FB81" authority="Yablokov" authorityName="Yablokov" box="[151,424,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF327EFE8DFB81" box="[151,320,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Propylaea fallax</emphasis>
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||
Yablokov
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—Khnzoryan 1977: 61;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A946C6BFD6327EFC13FB81" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[670,990,1026,1050]" page="171" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" year="1982">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BFD6327EFC13FB81" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[670,990,1026,1050]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" refId="ref114042" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1982) Les Coccinelles Coleopteres-Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearctique et Orientale. Boubee, Paris, 568 pp. [in French]" type="book" year="1982">Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 171</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BDDF3234FECCFA75" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BDDF3234FCB6FA19" blockId="241.[151,1437,1096,1915]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF3234FEDFFBF9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1096,1122]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Length:
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; width:
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||
. Form broad oval to elongate oval, dorsum moderately convex with explanate elytral margins, glabrous. Head anteriorly yellow, with a wavy black marking in posterior half, females often with an additional black macula on frons connected to the basal macula. Pronotum with a large, transverse black macula of variable size and shape on posterior margin. Elytra yellow / orange with an anchor-shaped black marking (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BC0032A4FE27FB69" box="[328,490,1240,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@242.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="242" captionText="FIGURE 173. Propylea dissecta: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Fig. 173a, b, e</figureCitation>
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||
) that is variously reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BE5332A4FC63FB69" box="[795,942,1240,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 174" captionStartId="243.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@243.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="243" captionText="FIGURE 174. Propylea dissecta (Mulsant), life stages: a. egg; b–j. larva; k, l. pupa; m, n. adult, variants." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262121/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D9114A946C6BE1832A4FC5FFB69" box="[848,914,1240,1266]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" unit="m" value="174.0">174m</quantity>
|
||
, n
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), sutural line with a black stripe; commonly collected forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BC1A3280FE15FA8D" box="[338,472,1276,1302]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@242.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="242" captionText="FIGURE 173. Propylea dissecta: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Fig. 173c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
) with plain yellow elytra, with only the sutural black stripe anteriorly widened; several intermediate forms found. Ventral side yellow to yellowish brown, except meso-and metaventrites, and middle of abdominal ventrites black, femora of legs dark brown. Abdominal postcoxal line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6B91A3338FB0FFAC5" box="[1106,1218,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@242.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="242" captionText="FIGURE 173. Propylea dissecta: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D9114A946C6B9C13338FB0FFAC5" box="[1161,1218,1348,1374]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.73" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" unit="g" value="173.0">173g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) incomplete. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BC4E3314FE42FA19" box="[262,399,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@242.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="242" captionText="FIGURE 173. Propylea dissecta: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Figs 173i–n</figureCitation>
|
||
) and spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BF203314FD18FA19" box="[616,725,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@242.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="242" captionText="FIGURE 173. Propylea dissecta: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Fig. 173h</figureCitation>
|
||
) as illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BD8F33F1FECCFA75" blockId="241.[151,1437,1096,1915]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BF4233F1FD45FA3D" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[522,648,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BF4233F1FD45FA3D" box="[522,648,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">P. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much broader body outline and the pair of roundish to elongate oval periscutellar spots on either side of scutellar shield though the male genitalia are quite similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6B8C033CDFECCFA75" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6B8C033CDFF30FA75" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">P. japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BD8F3384FC9BF9AD" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BD8F3384FC9BF9AD" blockId="241.[151,1437,1096,1915]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BD8F3384FE5AF989" bold="true" box="[199,407,1528,1554]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs yellow, spindle shaped, laid in small groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BEAA3384FB9FF989" box="[994,1106,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 174" captionStartId="243.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@243.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="243" captionText="FIGURE 174. Propylea dissecta (Mulsant), life stages: a. egg; b–j. larva; k, l. pupa; m, n. adult, variants." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262121/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Fig. 174a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva black with yellow or white or orange maculae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A946C6BCF33060FD8CF9AD" box="[443,577,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 174" captionStartId="243.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@243.[151,1435,181,1917]" captionTargetPageId="243" captionText="FIGURE 174. Propylea dissecta (Mulsant), life stages: a. egg; b–j. larva; k, l. pupa; m, n. adult, variants." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262121/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Fig. 174b–j</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pupa (Fig. k, l) yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BD8F303CFE9CF938" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BD8F303CFE9CF938" blockId="241.[151,1437,1096,1915]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BD8F303CFEACF9C1" bold="true" box="[199,353,1600,1626]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BC2D303CFE6EF9C1" box="[357,419,1600,1626]" name="India" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:Widely distributed (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6BFCB303CFC97F9C1" box="[643,858,1600,1626]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6BE28303CFC62F9C1" box="[864,943,1600,1626]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6BEF0303CFBF1F9C1" box="[952,1084,1600,1626]" country="India" name="Chhattisgarh" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Chattisgarh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6B90C303CFB77F9C1" box="[1092,1210,1600,1626]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6B98B303CFADDF9C1" box="[1219,1296,1600,1626]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6B851303CFA55F9C1" box="[1305,1432,1600,1626]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BDDF3018FEECF9E5" box="[151,289,1636,1662]" name="India" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Pondicherry</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Punjab,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6BCC33018FDDEF9E5" box="[395,531,1636,1662]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6BF683019FD73F9E5" box="[544,702,1636,1663]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6BF833018FC96F9E5" box="[715,859,1636,1662]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BE273018FC1FF9E5" box="[879,978,1636,1662]" name="Pakistan" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BE963018FBA9F9E5" box="[990,1124,1636,1662]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6B9393018FB08F9E5" box="[1137,1221,1636,1662]" name="Bhutan" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6B99A3018FAD5F9E5" box="[1234,1304,1636,1662]" name="Nepal" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6B86D3018FA55F9E5" box="[1317,1432,1636,1662]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BDDF30F5FEC5F938" box="[151,264,1673,1699]" name="Myanmar" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BC5B30F5FE80F938" box="[275,333,1673,1699]" name="Laos" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A946C6BD8F30D0FB63F8E1" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BD8F30D0FD22F8CD" blockId="241.[151,1437,1096,1915]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BD8F30D0FE2EF95D" bold="true" box="[199,483,1708,1734]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BCA130D0FDAFF95D" box="[489,610,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BF2430D0FC09F95D" authority="(Fitch)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[620,964,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Rhopalosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BF2430D0FCA3F95D" box="[620,878,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Rhopalosiphum maidis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitch)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BE9830D0FB97F95D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[976,1114,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lophopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6B92C30D0FA55F95D" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1124,1432,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" genus="Pyrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6B92C30D0FAE6F95D" box="[1124,1323,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Pyrilla perpusilla</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF30ACFED3F971" box="[151,286,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ortheziidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BC6630ACFD63F971" authority="(Browne)" baseAuthorityName="Browne" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[302,686,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Insignorthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BC6630ACFDFEF971" box="[302,563,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Insignorthezia insignis</emphasis>
|
||
(Browne)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BFF730ACFCBBF971" box="[703,886,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BECE30ACFADCF971" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[902,1297,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Maconellicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BECE30ACFB67F971" box="[902,1194,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Maconellicoccus hirsutus</emphasis>
|
||
(Green)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6B86930ACFA54F971" box="[1313,1433,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF3088FDFDF895" authority="(J. E. Smith)" baseAuthorityName="J. E. Smith" box="[151,560,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Spodoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frugiperda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF3088FE54F895" box="[151,409,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Spodoptera frugiperda</emphasis>
|
||
(J.E. Smith)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BF773088FD02F895" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[575,719,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Xylorictidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xylorictidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BF953088FB51F895" authority="Walker. Commonly" authorityName="Walker. Commonly" box="[733,1180,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Opisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BF953088FC79F895" box="[733,948,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Opisina arenosella</emphasis>
|
||
Walker. Commonly
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found on rice, maize, sorghum and grasses. Collected on lablab, cabbage, hibiscus, cotton, and coconut. Found feeding on aphids infesting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A946C6BDDF3140FEE3F8CD" box="[151,302,1852,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BDDF3140FEE3F8CD" box="[151,302,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Bidens pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and weeds in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A946C6BC873140FDDFF8CD" box="[463,530,1852,1878]" name="Nepal" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A946C6BF683140FD2EF8CD" author="Sajan K. C. & Vetrovec, J. & Kafle, K." box="[544,739,1852,1879]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref121067" refString="Sajan K. C., Vetrovec, J. & Kafle, K. (2019) Lady beetles of Nepal (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Coccinellinae from the fields at Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. International Journal of Entomology Research, 4 (4), 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Sajan
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BF2F3141FD54F8CD" box="[615,665,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A946C6BD8F311CFB63F8E1" blockId="241.[151,1437,1096,1915]" box="[199,1198,1888,1915]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A946C6BD8F311CFE0CF8E1" bold="true" box="[199,449,1888,1914]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected almost throughout the year; April and October (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A946C6B907311CFB6CF8E1" box="[1103,1185,1888,1914]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14AA46C5BDDF31EBFB96F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262117/files/figure.png" pageId="242" pageNumber="243" startId="242.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[212,1373,184,1914]" targetPageId="242" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414AA46C5BDDF31EBFB96F848" blockId="242.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AA46C5BDDF31EBFEFCF834" bold="true" box="[151,305,1943,1967]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 173.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AA46C5BC7331E4FE3EF82B" authorityName=": Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[315,499,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="242" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AA46C5BC7331E4FE3EF82B" box="[315,499,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Propylea dissecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a–e. adult, variants; f. antenna; g. abdominal postcoxal line; h. spermatheca; i–n. male genitalia: i. tegmen, lateral view; j. tegmen, ventral view; k, m. penis, variants; l, n. penis apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14AB46C4BDDF31EAFB09F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262121" box="[151,1220,1942,1966]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262121/files/figure.png" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" startId="243.[151,250,1942,1966]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1917]" targetPageId="243" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414AB46C4BDDF31EAFB09F835" blockId="243.[151,1220,1942,1966]" box="[151,1220,1942,1966]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AB46C4BDDF31EAFEE0F835" bold="true" box="[151,301,1942,1966]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 174.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AB46C4BC7B31EAFD9EF835" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[307,595,1942,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AB46C4BC7B31EAFE2AF835" box="[307,487,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Propylea dissecta</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, life stages: a. egg; b–j. larva; k, l. pupa; m, n. adult, variants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14AC46C3BD8F36EBFF24FE36" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414AC46C3BD8F36EBFDB6FEFE" blockId="244.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3BD8F36EBFEDCFF2A" bold="true" box="[199,273,151,177]" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
It is the most common and widely distributed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AC46C3BED736EBFBC8FF2A" box="[927,1029,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3BED736EBFBC8FF2A" box="[927,1029,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Propylea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414AC46C3B9D336EBFB18FF2A" box="[1179,1237,151,177]" name="India" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AC46C3B8C036EBFF34FF4F" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3B8C036EBFF34FF4F" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">P. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414AC46C3BCF136C7FE3EFF4E" box="[441,499,187,213]" name="India" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
are most likely to be based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AC46C3BE0536C7FC0FFF4E" box="[845,962,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3BE0536C7FC0FFF4E" box="[845,962,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">P. dissecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The common colour morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AC46C3B86F36C7FA51FF4E" box="[1319,1436,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3B86F36C7FA51FF4E" box="[1319,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">P. dissecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with almost immaculate elytra with only a sutural black stripe is frequently misidentified and referred in literature from this region as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AC46C3BC3A377FFD8BFE86" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[370,582,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3BC3A377FFD8BFE86" box="[370,582,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Micraspis discolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can be readily distinguished by the much broader scutellar shield (very small in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714AC46C3BDB3375BFEA6FEDB" box="[251,363,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3BDB3375BFEA6FEDB" box="[251,363,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Micraspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), elongate oval terminal antennomere, prothoracic hypomeron with deeply impressed anterior inner corners, and other generic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414AC46C3BD9B3713FF24FE36" blockId="244.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">
|
||
It was originally described by Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1977). Also illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514AC46C3B93A3713FAF3FE12" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[1138,1342,367,393]" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614AC46C3B9E33713FB25FE12" box="[1195,1256,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514AC46C3B8353713FF28FE36" author="Yu, G." pageId="244" pageNumber="245" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |