167 lines
18 KiB
XML
167 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="EC43334412F8C24DB478C4A63C860012" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax major Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="14536137-E6A0-4750-85F8-DC1DF484B644" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853542" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:14536137-E6A0-4750-85F8-DC1DF484B644" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC43334412F8C24DB478C4A63C860012" lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="172" pageNumber="173" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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(070)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/14536137-E6A0-4750-85F8-DC1DF484B644" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax major" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Mecyclothorax major</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="172" pageNumber="173">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 90A, 91
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 94
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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With standardized body length 4.5 mm, this is the largest-bodied species of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax microps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Mecyclothorax microps</taxonomicName>
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group residing across all islands. Like
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Mecyclothorax minor</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 90B) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax angusticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticollis">Mecyclothorax angusticollis</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 90C), the elytra are parallel sided and narrow relative to the pronotum (Fig. 90A); MEW/MPW = 1.42 for this species. The cuticle is more pallid than observed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax angusticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticollis">Mecyclothorax angusticollis</taxonomicName>
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, and the pronotum is more constricted basally than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Mecyclothorax minor</taxonomicName>
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. Also, the elytra have a single dorsal elytral seta at the anterior position, resulting in the setal formula 2 2 1 0 unique to this species within the species group.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<paragraph pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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Figure 90.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax microps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Mecyclothorax microps</taxonomicName>
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group species, dorsal habitus view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax major" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Mecyclothorax major</taxonomicName>
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(Paliku, 1980 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Mecyclothorax minor</taxonomicName>
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(nr. Ukulele Camp, 1525 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax angusticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticollis">Mecyclothorax angusticollis</taxonomicName>
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(below Ukulele Camp, 1372 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax xestos" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xestos">Mecyclothorax xestos</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa, 1590 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax orbiculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbiculus">Mecyclothorax orbiculus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1750 m). F
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax contractus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">Mecyclothorax contractus</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa, 1585 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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(n = 1). Head capsule with frontal grooves convexly curved from clypeus to mesad anterior supraorbital seta, broad carina laterad convex groove; dorsal impression of neck slightly concave; eyes little convex, ocular lobe very obtusely extended from gena, ocular ratio = 1.31; ocular lobe ratio = 0.73; 10-11 ommatidia across horizontal diameter of eye; labral anterior margin angularly emarginate medially, impressed 1/7 length of labrum; antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; antennae submoniliform; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex pointed. Pronotum little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.19, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.49, with lateral margin straight to sinuate anterad obtuse hind angle; median base depressed relative to disc, covered with minute punctures basally and minute wrinkles at juncture with disc; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow; anterior transverse impression broad, moderately deep laterally, obsolete medially; anterior callosity coplanar with disc medially, crossed by distinct wrinkles; front angles moderately produced, tightly rounded; pronotal apical and basal widths subequal, APW/BPW = 0.99; lateral marginal depression moderately broad with upturned margin before lateral seta, narrow with upraised margin to hind angle; laterobasal depression with irregular surface, continuous with lateral marginal depression. Proepisternum with 5-6 minute punctures along hind margin; prosternal process broadly depressed medially. Elytra subparallel, disc medially depressed, sides markedly depressed to margins; basal groove broadly recurved on rounded humeri, MEW/HuW = 1.84; parascutellar seta absent; parascutellar striole discontinuous, with 4-5 small punctures; sutural interval coplanar with lateral intervals basally, slightly upraised in apical half; sutural interval deeper and more steeply sided than 2nd stria throughout most of length, striae of subequal depth at elytral apex; discal striae 1-4 shallow, punctate, striae 5-6 a series of isolated punctures, stria 7 absent near midlength; discal intervals 2-4 flat; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of same convexity as more mesal intervals; 1 dorsal elytral seta at 0.23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.26×">-0.26x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 5 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately broad with margin upraised laterad humerus, beadlike
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<pageBreakToken pageId="173" pageNumber="174" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
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midlength to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum smooth; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.58; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing length 2.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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breadth, remnant R and M veins present, apex extended 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wing
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<normalizedToken originalValue="remnant’s">remnant's</normalizedToken>
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length beyond hind margin of metanotum (all estimated by viewing through elytra). Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, basal tarsomeres medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of vertex an obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; pronotal disc with obsolete transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length, portions of disc glossy, median base with mixture of isodiametric and transverse sculpticells, breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; elytral disc with shallow isodiametric mesh in transverse rows, apex with same mesh obsolete; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufoflavous; antennomere 1 flavous, 2-7 rufoflavous (outer antennomeres broken off); pronotal disc and margins rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufoflavous; elytral disc and sutural interval rufoflavous, marginal depression narrowly flavous; elytral apex and apices of intervals 7 -9 flavous apicad terminus of interval 4; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous ventrally, metepisternum rufoflavous; abdomen rufoflavous, apical half of apical ventrite 6 flavous; metafemur rufoflavous; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, straight at midlength, shaft abruptly curved ventrally at base and apex (Fig. 91A); distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength; apex broadly extended beyond ostial opening, tip blunt with dorsal angle rounded and ventral angle denticulate; median lobe abruptly curved rightward ear apex in ventral view (Fig. 91B), blunt tip appearing concave in this view; internal sac with broad fields of dark microspicules but no apparent macrospicules (assessed in uneverted type specimen); right paramere parallel sided, broad nearly to apex (Fig. 91A).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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Figure 91. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax microps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Mecyclothorax microps</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax major" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Mecyclothorax major</taxonomicName>
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, right and ventral views (Paliku, 1981 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Mecyclothorax minor</taxonomicName>
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right view, sac everted (nr. Ukulele Camp, 1525 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax angusticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticollis">Mecyclothorax angusticollis</taxonomicName>
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, right and ventral views (below Ukulele Camp, 1372 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: Paliku, Haleakala / Crater, Maui 6500' /
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–20-26–">VI-20-26-</normalizedToken>
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75 // R. Burkhart / Collector // pitfall trap // ACC. NO. 1990.009 / BISHOP Museum // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="major" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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The Latin adjectival epithet
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<taxonomicName lsidName="major" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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, i.e. larger, is used for this species in order to contrast it with the following
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Mecyclothorax minor</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax major" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Mecyclothorax major</taxonomicName>
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is known only from Paliku at the eastern margin of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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Crater (Fig. 94). The lone collecting event was in a pitfall trap, with the little developed eyes of this species also pointing to occupation of ground-level microhabitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |