111 lines
22 KiB
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111 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="57526BEA5B0175EBFB294D2F1279439C" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFBEFF9CBE8BFA31FD63FEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus carrizorum Cardozo & Pereyra 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E00A11DB7D1FED7358787EC5B2064BF">
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<mods:title id="69B9E9E4FD8C51C35949594A2BAAD252">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EE401CE0D40291CC83EEA8E22D7F0781" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5EA84F2DA5F5A4FE659B18884DFEB036">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="984F47D149103DCF87D99282D1E7E31F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC59D238ED0518E717990F7C7BF4E541">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="064D2CCFA816CE56FA25337122A171B2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="37BF044973783521996003BC219C468C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C6794283D350F965DD0B6E287940BC81">
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<mods:date id="7719EB459B94FAD866F160D37F340B45">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3116764DCB6072960443EE095D2EE631">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6FB31A5DB683237C218473AD8861BAC9">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D58A3C9584942F7F030982DC0373171D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DFDE62C2BB98398F5692AECC622FC2FE" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4FD960B05FDD6C1B5D83B68947EA6945" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFBEFF9CBE8BFA31FD63FEF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583652" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFBEFF9CBE8BFA31FD63FEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFBEFF9CBE8BFA31FD63FEF5" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFBEFF83BE8BFA31FB6CF9B2" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFBEFF83BE8BFA31FCFCFA26" blockId="79.[151,780,1434,1461]" box="[151,780,1434,1461]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFBEFF83BE8BFA31FCFCFA26" bold="true" box="[151,780,1434,1461]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFBEFF83BE8BFA31FCFCFA26" authority="Cardozo & Pereyra, 2018" authorityName="Cardozo & Pereyra" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,780,1434,1461]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrizorum">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBEFF83BE8BFA31FCFCFA26" bold="true" box="[151,780,1434,1461]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBEFF83BE8BFA31FE35FA26" bold="true" box="[151,453,1434,1461]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Physalaemus carrizorum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="380D2AA7FFBEFF83BFD1FA31FCFCFA26" author="Cardozo, D. E. & Pereyra, M. O." box="[461,780,1434,1460]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="580 - 590" refId="ref73078" refString="Cardozo, D. E. & Pereyra, M. O. (2018) A new species of Physalaemus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, northeastern Argentina. Zootaxa, 4387 (3), 580 - 590. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4387.3.10" type="journal article" year="2018">Cardozo & Pereyra, 2018</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFBEFF83BE8BFA48FB6CF9B2" blockId="79.[151,1437,1506,2037]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFBEFF83BF8DFA48FE31FA6F" box="[401,449,1507,1533]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note, with general downward FM, but with an up-downward FM segment in the first fourth of the call.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFBEFF9CBEDBF982FD63FEF5" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFBEFF9CBEDBF982FD63FEF5" blockId="79.[151,1437,1506,2037]" lastBlockId="80.[151,1437,153,359]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBEFF83BEDBF982FDDBF9D6" bold="true" box="[199,555,1577,1604]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BF3EF982FE86F9D6" box="[290,374,1577,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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A–D and 42H).
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</emphasis>
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We examined one recording, a total of four minutes, with 44 calls from three males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFBEFF83BCFEF9E5FCC8F9FA" box="[738,824,1614,1640]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 2.360 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFBEFF83BAD3F9E5FAD1F9FB" box="[1231,1313,1614,1641]" degrees="4.118" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="55" value="-4.118">4.118 s</geoCoordinate>
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. The envelope of the call is variable. In most calls, rise and fall are similar in duration and shape (exponential) and the sustain is long. Some sustains are regular (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BC35F93DFD60F922" box="[553,656,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
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) and others are irregular (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BDA6F93DFBD5F922" box="[954,1061,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
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), with short and shallow valleys. In some calls, the limits between the call rise, sustain, and call fall are not clear. Usually, the envelope is divided into two parts with different amplitude levels (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BC82F975FCF6F96A" box="[670,774,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is usually at the end of the first seven tenths of the call duration. The envelope varies from elliptic or rectangular (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BDE5F8A9FB91F88E" box="[1017,1121,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
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), to triangular (pointed left;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BE8BF88DFF0FF8D2" box="[151,255,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
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; rarely pointed right). Due to the asymmetry of some triangular envelopes, the shape resembles an arrow. More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 36 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BCA4F8C5FCD2F81A" box="[696,802,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 42H</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBEFF83BA90F8C4FB5DF81A" box="[1164,1197,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ca.</emphasis>
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460 Hz and approximately the first seven harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBEFF83BCBEF81CFD4CF842" box="[674,700,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ca</emphasis>
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. 410 to 2630 Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BD92F81DFC06F842" box="[910,1014,1974,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 49B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant harmonic is the first, fifth, or sixth (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBEFF83BF21F871FE57F866" box="[317,423,2010,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 42H</figureCitation>
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). There is a clear shift in relative energy between the bands; the dominant frequency gets higher toward the end of the call, starting at the first harmonic, moving to the fifth, and ending at the sixth (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA1FF9CBB73FF32FF3AFF45" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 42H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA1FF9CBECAFF16FEF9FF45" box="[214,265,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">49B</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 350 and 3500 Hz (eight to nine harmonics). The call has a general downward FM (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA1FF9CBF52FF4AFE29FF69" box="[334,473,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 49B, D</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, calls have an up-downward FM in the first fourth of the call duration, leading to slightly arc-shaped bands in this part of the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA1FF9CBD37FEAEFC43FE8D" box="[811,947,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 49B, D</figureCitation>
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), and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFA1FF9CBB73FEAEFF3AFED1" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1071,1096]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,384,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,381,1046]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 49. Call A of Physalaemus carrizorum. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). Variant calls A with different envelopes and spectral features (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 1 s (C–D); vertical scale bar has 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 31.7 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613094/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 49B</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. Some calls have a slight PFM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |