135 lines
25 KiB
XML
135 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="DA3D1F271504B622BCD970BE150C84D7" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFB9FF87BE8BFA0FFA7AFF45" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus lateristriga" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="68AC5D218A6A6E4DE170B9F77DEF64E8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B4DAD575155DD199A86C1F2F4C60300D">
|
||
<mods:title id="AB9461078968F7B7B8D644EFFFBDFB73">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F76F4F97CDE2E361654C58AECBC39F0B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="40836F88F10553C54D715ADF81D56A2A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="83F5D442D9B4A8870862E000C03E548D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="15285101EE61DF776DC089857A80C303">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7BA0C617AAB5B56887F4E3ED84F6DD32" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="EA094F02E8EAFDBB17B00B5B0D4CE045">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7BE617DD96FE568BD5EA7473D0A9D07B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C0CD2106AB2B79984EC27B6B6F8069EA">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="5D4E80006E4B8C524519E77B765E36DC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B2D4BCF39E13FBAF0BC66527924440AA" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="911EC44D7C54A29926AE1611EE44E5F9">
|
||
<mods:title id="ED32845E9BA53431D32FB943E780FFAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7AD5B6FD1D212533CCA59B251BC8A409">
|
||
<mods:date id="CEF2878E1E299A2ABEF37094566785D2">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="627BBDF5484E324E5E597CC805E42356" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="66AFD749D0CBE1370904E5F7B4C3B7B6">2020-01-20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DCC9FD5AB8456BBB2C21E8F5769826EB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="CC881E62C6AA86A2635CB03359E6EB40">4725</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C61E7E60926B08156F0EEEDAB6A16157" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="155FFC0CDD6616DBAA9B04ECA05AADE3">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="2D4FEB5AB542C4D6A1AC5DA5DA5BDEA8" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="DC6ED7F010140C5BC040ED8B6B41D683">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="CB47BA18117EBA45DEE531D754DD0A75">106</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="A0382907BFB368EB996BD737046713F8">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E479DD81B30C5251F3F33A14C649A31D" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6FC2683A360E6A49CF3A46C9E8106939" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B12D57755F16E3491264DC863A4C2B1F" type="GBIF-Dataset">67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A52927C5E811FB393DBDB9CB536C482B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A99C43F0EBEAAF7C4F3325B24BD6A99D" type="Zenodo-Dep">3612996</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AA8808593C96C1F27E74FD74AAD03C10" type="ZooBank">B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="D435E640FFB9FF87BE8BFA0FFA7AFF45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583638" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFB9FF87BE8BFA0FFA7AFF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFB9FF87BE8BFA0FFA7AFF45" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<subSubSection id="148604DDFFB9FF84BE8BFA0FFB6EF9DA" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C235756FFB9FF84BE8BFA0FFD3AFA2C" blockId="72.[151,714,1444,1471]" box="[151,714,1444,1471]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<heading id="076BE03AFFB9FF84BE8BFA0FFD3AFA2C" bold="true" box="[151,714,1444,1471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFB9FF84BE8BFA0FFD3AFA2C" authority="(Steindachner, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,714,1444,1471]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateristriga">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BE8BFA0FFD3AFA2C" bold="true" box="[151,714,1444,1471]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BE8BFA0FFE32FA2D" bold="true" box="[151,450,1444,1471]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Physalaemus lateristriga</emphasis>
|
||
(Steindachner, 1864)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C235756FFB9FF84BE8BFA4DFB6EF9DA" blockId="72.[151,1437,1510,2040]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
We found a single call
|
||
<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFB9FF84BF8FFA4DFE33F992" box="[403,451,1510,1536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note with a long duration and a slight PAM (no silence intervals between pulses). It has irregular and strong PFM throughout the call. The bands have no general FM or only slight general FM, which is usually upward.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="148604DDFFB9FF87BEDBF9FAFA7AFF45" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C235756FFB9FF87BEDBF9FAFA7AFF45" blockId="72.[151,1437,1510,2040]" lastBlockId="75.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BEDBF9FAFDEBF9FE" bold="true" box="[199,539,1617,1644]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Call A (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BF03F9FAFE9FF9FE" box="[287,367,1617,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F and 42B).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We examined seven recordings, a total of 20 minutes, with
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BAAEF9F8FB3CF9FE" box="[1202,1228,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 160 calls from
|
||
<specimenCount id="4A9A9CDFFFB9FF84BB9CF9F9FF2CF902" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
|
||
. Only some of these calls were measured (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFB9FF84BCF0F9DDFCB2F902" box="[748,834,1654,1680]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Call duration varies from 1.330 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFB9FF84BAFCF9DDFAC4F902" box="[1248,1332,1654,1680]" degrees="3.746" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="55" value="-3.746">3.746 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. The call rise is restricted to the very beginning of the call, most of the call corresponding to the sustain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BADFF931FADBF926" box="[1219,1323,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Call rise and fall are very short and similar to each other in duration. Sustain usually regular and almost flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BAE1F915FA94F94A" box="[1277,1380,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but some calls have convex or inclined segments, with amplitude gradually increasing towards its end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BAF4F949FA82F96E" box="[1256,1394,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some calls, there is a shallow valley at the beginning of the sustain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BD89F8ADFBEEF8B2" box="[917,1054,1798,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The amplitude peak is at around the middle or at the end of the call duration. The envelope of the call varies from rectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BABEF881FAF5F8D6" box="[1186,1285,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43C</figureCitation>
|
||
) to triangular (pointed left;
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BF2DF8E5FE4DF8FA" box="[305,445,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 39 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. The call has a slight PAM (silence intervals absent between peaks;
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BA61F8D9FAFAF81E" box="[1149,1290,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 43A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rate of the PAM is
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BF06F83CFECBF822" box="[282,315,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
8 Hz, forming
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BFF9F83CFDF6F822" box="[485,518,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
29 cycles throughout the call. The cycle rise and fall are similar and the amplitude peak is at the middle of the cycle duration. The call has a harmonic series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB9FF84BDC9F811FBCCF846" box="[981,1084,1978,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 42B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fundamental frequency is
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB9FF84BE8BF874FF49F86A" box="[151,185,2015,2040]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
170 Hz. The first five harmonics are usually absent in the audiospectrogram or with very low energy. There are
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBBFF86BE8BF882FF49F8D0" box="[151,185,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
eight adjacent emphasized harmonics. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. Subharmonics (f
|
||
<subScript id="C0185513FFBBFF86BF4DF8F5FEA9F8FE" attach="left" box="[337,345,1886,1900]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">0</subScript>
|
||
1/2) are present at the beginning of some calls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBBFF86BD77F8E7FC1FF8F5" box="[875,1007,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 43B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dominant frequency varies from
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBBFF86BE8BF8DAFF41F818" box="[151,177,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="28227196FFBBFF86BEDCF8DBFEA3F818" box="[192,339,1904,1931]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1590" valueMax="1840">1590 to 1840</date>
|
||
Hz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBBFF86BF97F8DBFE01F818" box="[395,497,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 43B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dominant harmonic varies from the ninth to the 13
|
||
<superScript id="ABE9FA1EFFBBFF86BA70F8C4FB89F8EF" attach="none" box="[1132,1145,1903,1917]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">th</superScript>
|
||
, but it is usually the ninth or 10
|
||
<superScript id="ABE9FA1EFFBBFF86BECEF838FF2FF833" attach="left" box="[210,223,1939,1953]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">th</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBBFF86BEF7F83FFEA3F83C" box="[235,339,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 42B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is no clear shift in the relative energy between bands throughout the call. Most of the call energy is between
|
||
<date id="28227196FFBBFF86BF71F813FDE7F841" box="[365,535,1976,2003]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1100" valueMax="2150">1100 and 2150</date>
|
||
Hz (seven harmonics). Calls usually lack a clear general FM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBBFF86BAFAF813FA80F841" box="[1254,1392,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 43B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some calls, a slight up or downward general FM is observed, usually upward. A short downward FM is frequently present at the end of the call (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBAFF87BFF7FF32FDA2FF21" box="[491,594,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 43E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, there is a strong PFM throughout the call, which is usually independent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBAFF87BF33FF16FE44FF45" box="[303,436,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 43C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), but it is directly proportional and synchronic to PAM when it is present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBAFF87BAE9FF16FA8DFF45" box="[1269,1405,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="74.[151,250,757,782]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,186,725]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,181,731]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 43. Call A of Physalaemus lateristriga. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A typical call (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and different spectral features (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.5 s (C and E) and 0.1 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 18.4 (E); 42.3 (B); 31.7 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613082/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 43A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |