398 lines
68 KiB
XML
398 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="5EB56957BDD75BD982586CE93BC9A749" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00771.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406728" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630346404524" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Archibald, J. David & Averianov, Alexander" docDate="2012" docId="AB4D878FFFA661145011FCABC74EF94F" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2011.00771.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00771.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Parazhelestes mynbulakensis Archibald & Averianov 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="384" masterDocId="5774FFF7FFB461035112FFDEC247FFF9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic analysis, taxonomic revision, and dental ontogeny of the Cretaceous Zhelestidae (Mammalia: Eutheria)" masterLastPageNumber="426" masterPageNumber="361" pageNumber="379" updateTime="1699238079856" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AE1A893AB3A8EE3BD29CB28E66721E70">Phylogenetic analysis, taxonomic revision, and dental ontogeny of the Cretaceous Zhelestidae (Mammalia: Eutheria)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFBA8B82E726B510A146396D4EAE6FC1">Archibald, J. David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="130D8F9623170C1934E401B37854F618">Averianov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E6EA84CBDF19D56ADAEC21C0D2155A9E">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="067B672EC45B4A8C19850F4E45CC8686">
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<mods:date id="DB657DBFCB1FD7D5433759F2C66CB0F3">2012</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA661115011FCABC0C4FC71" blockId="18.[259,643,885,938]" box="[259,643,885,906]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<heading id="781381F5FFA661115011FCABC0C4FC71" box="[259,643,885,906]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA661115011FCABC0C4FC71" authorityName="Archibald & Averianov" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Nesov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[259,643,885,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115011FCABC0C4FC71" box="[259,643,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115011FCABC3F9FC71" box="[259,446,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">PARAZHELESTES</emphasis>
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MYNBULAKENSIS
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA66111500FFC4AC02EFC50" blockId="18.[259,643,885,938]" box="[285,617,916,938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<heading id="781381F5FFA66111500FFC4AC02EFC50" box="[285,617,916,938]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" reason="3">
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(NESOV, 1985B)
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611150CFFC46C02EFC50" bold="true" box="[477,617,916,937]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">COMB. NOV.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6BFE6512FFA66114507EFC65C74EF94F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" type="description">
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA66111507EFC65C05DFC29" blockId="18.[364,538,955,976]" box="[364,538,955,976]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA66111507EFC65C05DFC29" box="[364,538,955,976]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStart-2="Figure 13" captionStart-3="Figure 14" captionStart-4="Figure 15" captionStart-5="Figure 16" captionStart-6="Figure 17" captionStartId-0="19.[164,243,1584,1603]" captionStartId-1="20.[144,223,1563,1582]" captionStartId-2="21.[164,243,1837,1856]" captionStartId-3="22.[144,223,1076,1095]" captionStartId-4="24.[144,223,1709,1728]" captionStartId-5="25.[164,243,1779,1798]" captionStartId-6="26.[144,223,1776,1795]" captionTargetBox-0="[209,1402,202,1548]" captionTargetBox-1="[319,1254,199,1528]" captionTargetBox-2="[240,1368,199,1805]" captionTargetBox-3="[307,1261,202,1043]" captionTargetBox-4="[254,1317,197,1674]" captionTargetBox-5="[264,1348,203,1747]" captionTargetBox-6="[216,1347,200,1741]" captionTargetId-0="figure-122@19.[202,1406,194,1554]" captionTargetId-1="figure-116@20.[310,1256,194,1533]" captionTargetId-2="figure-0@21.[234,1374,193,1807]" captionTargetId-3="figure-389@22.[302,1264,197,1047]" captionTargetId-4="figure-0@24.[250,1317,193,1680]" captionTargetId-5="figure-0@25.[257,1351,195,1749]" captionTargetId-6="figure-0@26.[209,1359,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionTargetPageId-4="24" captionTargetPageId-5="25" captionTargetPageId-6="26" captionText-0="Figure 11. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, ZIN 88468, stereophotographs and line drawings left palatine and maxilla with worn M1-2 and M3 fragment. A, anterior; B, occlusal; C, lingual views." captionText-1="Figure 12. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, URBAC 04–162, right maxillary fragment with M2 and alveoli for P1-P5, and M1. Stereophotographs of M2, A, occlusal; B, labial; C, distal views. D, photograph and line drawing of occlusal view of maxillary fragment." captionText-2="Figure 13. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, CCMGE 11/12176, stereophotographs and line drawings of right maxillary fragment with P3 alveoli, P4 roots, P5, M1-2. A, labial; B, occlusal; C, lingual views." captionText-3="Figure 14. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs of URBAC 04–168, right DP5, A, occlusal, labial, and distal views, and URBAC 03–179, left M3, B, occlusal, labial, and distal views." captionText-4="Figure 15. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, dentary fragments, stereophotographs of URBAC 06–113, left dentary fragment with i1 alveolus, i2-4 fragments, i4 alveolus, and canine roots, A, anterior and labial views; stereophotographs of URBAC 02–13, left dentary fragment with p2, p3 roots, and p4 anterior root and talonid; B, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; stereophotographs of URBAC 97–03, right dentary fragment with p1 alveoli, p2, p3 alveoli, p4 lacking anterior, p5 roots, and m1 alveoli, C, lingual, occlusal, and labial views; photographs of URBAC 97–03 showing ventral margin of dentary, D, labial and E, lingual (dashed line shows missing anteroventral margin); stereophotographs of ZIN 88477, left dentary fragment with p4, anterior root of p5, and alveoli for p3, F, lingual, occlusal, and labial views." captionText-5="Figure 16. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 99–109, left dentary with i1-4, c, p1-3(?) roots or alveoli, and p4-5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates roots teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." captionText-6="Figure 17. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 98–13, left dentary with i1-3, c, p1-4 alveoli, and p5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406752" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406754" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406756" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406758" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406760" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406762" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406764" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5406752/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5406754/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5406756/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5406758/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5406760/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5406762/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5406764/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">FIGURES 11–17</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA661115182FC3CC3B0FBEF" blockId="18.[144,758,993,1046]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">(See Appendix 4 for synonymies, referred illustrations, and referred specimens.)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA661115182FB92C37FFB79" blockId="18.[144,759,1100,1153]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA661115182FB92C37FFB79" collectionCode="CCMGE" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" specimenCode="CCMGE 36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115182FB92C2BDFB98" box="[144,250,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<typeStatus id="FC5F883BFFA661115182FB92C2B3FB98" box="[144,244,1100,1121]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA661115012FB93C3C5FB9B" box="[256,386,1100,1122]" collectionCode="CCMGE" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mbe3-x34x" name="Chernyshev Central Museum of Geological Explorations,Collections of the Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">CCMGE 36</specimenCode>
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/12000, left dentary with m2 and alveoli for m3.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA661115182FB66C289FAD0" blockId="18.[144,759,1208,1321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115182FB66C392FB34" box="[144,469,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Type locality and horizon:</emphasis>
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CBI-4b, Dzharakuduk, Kyzylkum Desert,
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<collectingCountry id="5BF37609FFA661115060FB08C3B0FB15" box="[370,503,1238,1260]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
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. Bissekty Formation, Upper Cretaceous (middle- upper Turonian). Found in 1980.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA661115182FABFC0E8FA2B" blockId="18.[144,759,1376,1490]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115182FABFC341FA8F" box="[144,262,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611150ABFABFC071FA8C" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1993" box="[441,566,1376,1398]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611150ABFABFC071FA8C" box="[441,566,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">P. robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in lower teeth averaging 13% smaller (range equals 4 to 21%) and upper teeth averaging 10% smaller (range equals 7 to 13%) and width of M3 subequal to M2 [37(0)].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA661115182F9D7C1ACFF03" blockId="18.[144,759,1544,1903]" lastBlockId="18.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115182F9D7C35FF9E7" box="[144,280,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Description:</emphasis>
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Maxilla. The known portions of the maxilla for
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA661115004F9F9C39CF9C5" authorityName="Archibald & Averianov" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Nesov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[278,475,1575,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115004F9F9C39CF9C5" box="[278,475,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">P. mynbulakensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to that bone in
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611151A4F99BC37DF9A3" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[182,314,1605,1626]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611151A4F99BC37DF9A3" box="[182,314,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but some structural differences do exist. In
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611151EBF9BBC3F9F980" authorityName="Archibald & Averianov" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Nesov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[249,446,1636,1658]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611151EBF9BBC3F9F980" box="[249,446,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">P. mynbulakensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the jugal facet is closer to the alveolar margin above all molars (above the distal root of M1 to M
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<quantity id="E41C9B7CFFA66111505FF97FC3D1F94E" box="[333,406,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611150B2F97FC063F94F" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[416,548,1697,1718]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611150B2F97FC063F94F" box="[416,548,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The infraorbital foramen is placed above the distal root of P4 or between the roots in
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611150ABF901C03AF90A" authorityName="Archibald & Averianov" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Nesov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[441,637,1758,1780]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611150ABF901C03AF90A" box="[441,637,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">P. mynbulakensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(URBAC 00–24, 02–59, 04–162) (but above the mesial root of P
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<quantity id="E41C9B7CFFA6611151B2F8C2C296F8CB" box="[160,209,1820,1842]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611151CFF8C2C326F8C8" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[221,353,1820,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611151CFF8C2C326F8C8" box="[221,353,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In the most complete maxillary fragment (URBAC 04–162) there is not a wedge-like palatine facet anterior to the medial opening of the infraorbital foramen, and no detectable facets for maxilloturbinals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="235B3699FFA66111522DFEDDC12AFD93" blockId="18.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
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Palatine. In ZIN 88468 there is a partial horizontal (palatal) process of the palatine attached to the maxillary fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA66111550BFE9EC62FFEAF" box="[1049,1128,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[164,243,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[209,1402,202,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-122@19.[202,1406,194,1554]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, ZIN 88468, stereophotographs and line drawings left palatine and maxilla with worn M1-2 and M3 fragment. A, anterior; B, occlusal; C, lingual views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406752/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior portion of the process overlaps the maxilla ventrally and the maxilla- palatine suture is located close to the lingual border of the upper molars. There may be a postpalatine torus. Medial and posterior to M3 there is a longitudinally elongated complex depression bordered by elevated bone walls. This depression may correspond to the postpalatine foramen or minor palatine foramen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA66111553DFDEBC12EFD93" authority="(Wible et al., 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Wible" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Mammalia" family="Zalambdalestidae" genus="Zalambdalestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA66111553DFDEBC6A6FDB3" box="[1071,1249,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Zalambdalestes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FFA6611155E9FDEBC126FD93" author="Wible JR & Novacek MJ & Rougier GW" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref33458" refString="Wible JR, Novacek MJ, Rougier GW. 2004. New data on the skull and dentition in the Mongolian Late Cretaceous eutherian mammal Zalambdalestes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 281: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Wible
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA66111545DFDE8C738FDB3" box="[1359,1407,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA66111522DFDADC639FC20" blockId="18.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Upper dentition. The upper incisors, canine, and anterior premolars are not known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA6611155CCFD4FC103FD3C" authorityName="Archibald & Averianov" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Nesov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA6611155CCFD4FC103FD3C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">P. mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Judging from alveoli in URBAC 04–162 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA66111543DFD71C7C7FD3F" box="[1327,1408,687,710]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[144,223,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox="[319,1254,199,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-116@20.[310,1256,194,1533]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, URBAC 04–162, right maxillary fragment with M2 and alveoli for P1-P5, and M1. Stereophotographs of M2, A, occlusal; B, labial; C, distal views. D, photograph and line drawing of occlusal view of maxillary fragment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406754/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), P2 and probably P1 were double-rooted and relatively unreduced. P3 was also double-rooted, but much smaller than P2 (CCMGE 11/12176, URBAC 04–162). In URBAC 02–59 the P3 was lost and its alveoli were filled by bone, leaving a diastema between P2 and P4. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA661115261FCB9C1B0FC85" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[883,1015,871,892]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115261FCB9C1B0FC85" box="[883,1015,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distal root of P4 is labiolingually wider than the mesial root (CCMGE 11/12176, URBAC 02–59), suggesting that P4 had a welldeveloped protocone swelling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA66111522DFC3FC6A8F9A2" blockId="18.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
|
||
The P5 is known from several maxillary fragments and isolated specimens. The structure of P5 is essentially the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA661115506FBC1C633FBCD" box="[1044,1140,1055,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aptap">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA661115506FBC1C633FBCD" box="[1044,1140,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">A. aptap</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The development of the metacone is highly variable. In CCMGE 11/12176 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA66111523CFB82C13BFB8B" box="[814,892,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[164,243,1837,1856]" captionTargetBox="[240,1368,199,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-0@21.[234,1374,193,1807]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, CCMGE 11/12176, stereophotographs and line drawings of right maxillary fragment with P3 alveoli, P4 roots, P5, M1-2. A, labial; B, occlusal; C, lingual views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406756/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) and URBAC 02–83, 04–109 the metacone swelling is almost indistinguishable. It is slightly more pronounced in URBAC 00–42, 02–1, and 02–59. In an unworn (unerupted) P5, URBAC 98–20, the metacone is a distinct trenchant cusp separated by a deep notch from the paracone; but with wear this cusp is easily eliminated leaving only a swelling distal to the paracone. A relatively worn CCMGE 21/12953 is unique in having the metacone as a distinct cusp widely separated from the paracone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FFA66111523FFA50C653FA5A" author="Nesov LA & Archibald JD & Kielan-Jaworowska Z" box="[813,1044,1422,1443]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" pagination="40 - 88" refId="ref32857" refString="Nesov LA, Archibald JD, Kielan-Jaworowska Z. 1998. Ungulate-like mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and a phylogenetic analysis of Ungulatomorpha. In: Beard KC, Dawson MR, eds. Dawn of the Age of Mammals in Asia. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34: 40 - 88." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Nesov
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA66111529AFA50C1FFFA5A" box="[904,952,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12F–H). Some specimens (URBAC 98–20, 02–59) show a well-developed metastyle distolabial to the metacone. The paraconule is present in all specimens and the metaconule is absent. The precingulum is usually shorter than the postcingulum. URBAC 02–59 is unique in having the precingulum but not the postcingulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA66110522DF9BAC632F92F" blockId="18.[806,1422,198,1903]" lastBlockId="19.[826,1441,1697,1903]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA66111522DF9BAC652F8C8" collectionCode="URBAC" collectorName="The DP & It & The" location="The" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" specimenCode="URBAC 04-168" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="8E11534FFFA66111522DF9BAC1DEF983" box="[831,921,1636,1658]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">The DP</collectorName>
|
||
5 is known from five isolated specimens.
|
||
<collectorName id="8E11534FFFA66111546BF9BAC7CAF980" box="[1401,1421,1636,1657]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">It</collectorName>
|
||
is somewhat larger than DP5 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA66111558CF95DC6B9F961" box="[1182,1278,1667,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aptap">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA66111558CF95DC6B9F961" box="[1182,1278,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">A. aptap</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but similar in structure.
|
||
<collectorName id="8E11534FFFA6611152D6F97FC1B7F94E" box="[964,1008,1697,1719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">The</collectorName>
|
||
specimens vary in development of the preparastyle, which can be smaller than the parastyle or almost the same size.
|
||
<location id="263B6042FFA66111556EF900C6EFF90D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB4D878FFFA661145011FCABC74EF94F:263B6042FFA66111556EF900C6EFF90D" box="[1148,1192,1758,1780]" name="The" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">The</location>
|
||
biggest discrepancy between the size of the preparastyle and parastyle is in
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA661115243F8C2C652F8C8" box="[849,1045,1819,1841]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">URBAC 04–168</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA66111553EF8C2C13CF8A9" collectionCode="URBAC" collectorName="In" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" specimenCode="URBAC 04-151, 04-168, 04-206" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="8E11534FFFA66111553EF8C2C602F8C8" box="[1068,1093,1820,1841]" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">In</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA66111554BF8C2C75BF8C8" box="[1113,1308,1819,1841]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">URBAC 04–151</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA661115426F8C5C7CEF8C8" box="[1332,1417,1819,1841]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">04–168</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA661115234F8E4C13CF8A9" box="[806,891,1850,1872]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="18" pageNumber="379">04–206</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA66110529BF8E4C33FF94F" collectionCode="URBAC" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="380" location="In" pageId="18" pageNumber="379" specimenCode="URBAC 04-213" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and 04–397 there is a distinct cingular cusp C connected by a transverse ridge to the centrocrista.
|
||
<location id="263B6042FFA7611051B6F97CC2FAF94E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB4D878FFFA661145011FCABC74EF94F:263B6042FFA7611051B6F97CC2FAF94E" box="[164,189,1698,1719]" name="In" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">In</location>
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA7611051D6F97FC33FF94F" box="[196,376,1697,1718]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">URBAC 04–213</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA761105092F97FC31CF90D" collectionCode="URBAC" location="In" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" specimenCode="URBAC 04-151" specimenCount="1">
|
||
the cusp C is much less developed, not more than a crenulation on the ectocingulum.
|
||
<location id="263B6042FFA7611053E3F91EC14DF92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB4D878FFFA661145011FCABC74EF94F:263B6042FFA7611053E3F91EC14DF92C" box="[753,778,1728,1749]" name="In" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">In</location>
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA7611051B6F901C31CF90D" box="[164,347,1758,1780]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">URBAC 04–151</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA761105077F900C72BF94E" collectionCode="URBAC" location="The" municipality="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" specimenCode="URBAC 04-213, URBAC 04-151" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and 04–397 there is a smaller additional cingular cusp immediately mesial to the cusp C. A small cingular cusp E is present in
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA761105382F8C2C2A6F8A9" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(in
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA76110501DF8E4C383F8B6" box="[271,452,1850,1871]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">URBAC 04–213</specimenCode>
|
||
this area of ectocingulum is missing).
|
||
<location id="263B6042FFA76110500AF887C303F896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB4D878FFFA661145011FCABC74EF94F:263B6042FFA76110500AF887C303F896" box="[280,324,1881,1903]" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">The</location>
|
||
lingual cingula vary in development.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C33FACE3FFA761105228F97FC121F94E" box="[826,870,1697,1719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
precingulum is shortest in
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA7611055A1F97FC72BF94E" box="[1203,1388,1697,1719]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">URBAC 04–151</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="938C3CC4FFA761105464F97FC636F92F" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" specimenCode="URBAC 04-168" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and longest in
|
||
<specimenCode id="73429EE2FFA7611052A4F91EC636F92F" box="[950,1137,1728,1750]" collectionCode="URBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">URBAC 04–168</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="779B6611FFA7611051B6F9EEC1EEF998" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406752/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" startId="19.[164,243,1584,1603]" targetBox="[209,1402,202,1548]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA7611051B6F9EEC1EEF998" blockId="19.[164,1441,1584,1633]" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA7611051B6F9EEC35FF9BA" bold="true" box="[164,280,1584,1603]" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA761105036F9EFC0CDF9BD" authority=", ZIN" authorityName="ZIN" box="[292,650,1585,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA761105036F9EFC013F9BD" box="[292,596,1585,1604]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">Parazhelestes mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
, ZIN
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
88468, stereophotographs and line drawings left palatine and maxilla with worn M1-2 and M3 fragment. A, anterior; B, occlusal; C, lingual views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA761175241F900C620F896" blockId="19.[826,1441,1697,1903]" lastBlockId="20.[806,1421,1697,1903]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">
|
||
The upper molars M1-2 are known from several maxillary fragments and numerous isolated specimens. The structure of these teeth is basically the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA7611052DBF8E4C66EF8A9" box="[969,1065,1850,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="19" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aptap">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA7611052DBF8E4C66EF8A9" box="[969,1065,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="380">A. aptap</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most variable part of the crown is the ectocingulum. A majority of M1s have no stylar cusps. In some M1s there is a small, but distinct stylocone (URBAC 98–18, 98–108, 02–8), crenulations in C and E cusp positions (CCMGE 11/12176, URBAC 98–19), or in C position (URBAC 02–8), or distinct cusp in E position (URBAC 98–18, 02–8, 04–99). The M1s of CCMGE 11/12953 and URBAC 02–27 have a distinct cusp C connected by a transverse ridge with the centrocrista, as in DP5s. The M2 appears to be less variable. No M2 has a stylocone or cusp C and only two M2s have a distinct stylar cusp E (URBAC 04–121 and 04–192). Two quite worn M2s (URBAC 02–28 and 06–93) still have a strong preparacrista extending mesially between the parastyle and preparastyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="779B6611FFA061175182F9C5C322F990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406754/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="381" startId="20.[144,223,1563,1582]" targetBox="[319,1254,199,1528]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA061175182F9C5C322F990" blockId="20.[144,1421,1562,1641]" pageId="20" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA061175182F9C5C342F9D7" bold="true" box="[144,261,1563,1582]" pageId="20" pageNumber="381">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA061175003F9C5C0E3F9D7" authority=", URBAC" authorityName="URBAC" box="[273,676,1563,1583]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA061175003F9C5C005F9D7" box="[273,578,1563,1582]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="381">Parazhelestes mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
, URBAC
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
04–162, right maxillary fragment with M2 and alveoli for P1-P5, and M1. Stereophotographs of M2, A, occlusal; B, labial; C, distal views. D, photograph and line drawing of occlusal view of maxillary fragment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="779B6611FFA1611651B6F8F3C67DF8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406756/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="382" startId="21.[164,243,1837,1856]" targetBox="[240,1368,199,1805]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA1611651B6F8F3C67DF8A7" blockId="21.[164,1441,1837,1886]" pageId="21" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA1611651B6F8F3C35EF8B9" bold="true" box="[164,281,1837,1856]" pageId="21" pageNumber="382">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA161165034F8F3C083F8B9" authority=", CCMGE" authorityName="CCMGE" box="[294,708,1837,1857]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA161165034F8F3C01DF8B9" box="[294,602,1837,1856]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="382">Parazhelestes mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
, CCMGE
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
11/12176, stereophotographs and line drawings of right maxillary fragment with P3 alveoli, P4 roots, P5, M1-2. A, labial; B, occlusal; C, lingual views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="779B6611FFA261155182FBEAC1E6FB9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406758/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" startId="22.[144,223,1076,1095]" targetBox="[307,1261,202,1043]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA261155182FBEAC1E6FB9C" blockId="22.[144,1421,1076,1125]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA261155182FBEAC342FBBE" bold="true" box="[144,261,1076,1095]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA261155003FBEAC005FBBE" box="[273,578,1076,1095]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA261155003FBEAC005FBBE" box="[273,578,1076,1095]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">Parazhelestes mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stereophotographs of URBAC 04–168, right DP5, A, occlusal, labial, and distal views, and URBAC 03–179, left M3, B, occlusal, labial, and distal views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA2611551BAFB66C381F9F9" blockId="22.[144,759,1208,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">
|
||
The M3 is known from a single isolated and quite worn specimen (URBAC 03–179;
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA26115530BFB08C02DFB15" box="[537,618,1238,1260]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[144,223,1076,1095]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,202,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-389@22.[302,1264,197,1047]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs of URBAC 04–168, right DP5, A, occlusal, labial, and distal views, and URBAC 03–179, left M3, B, occlusal, labial, and distal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406758/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compared to M2, it has a larger and more labially projecting parastylar lobe, very reduced metastylar lobe, and a more mesiolabially positioned protocone. The metacone and the metaconule are relatively unreduced. In contrast to the M1-2, the postcingulum is much shorter than the precingulum. The M3 lingual root preserved in a maxillary fragment ZIN 88468 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA26115518AFA15C2A2FA18" box="[152,229,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[164,243,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[209,1402,202,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-122@19.[202,1406,194,1554]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, ZIN 88468, stereophotographs and line drawings left palatine and maxilla with worn M1-2 and M3 fragment. A, anterior; B, occlusal; C, lingual views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406752/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that the lingual side of this tooth is aligned with other molars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA2611551BAF9D7C1D4F94E" blockId="22.[144,759,1208,1903]" lastBlockId="22.[806,1422,1208,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Dentary. The structure of the dentary in preserved fragments is the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA2611550C4F9F9C01DF9C5" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[470,602,1575,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA2611550C4F9F9C01DF9C5" box="[470,602,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the coronoid processes are not known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA2611550F9F998C0F7F9A3" box="[491,688,1605,1627]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA2611550F9F998C0F7F9A3" box="[491,688,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">P. mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The posterior end of the mandibular symphysis is between the roots of p2 (ZIN 88470), the distal root of p2 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA2611553C4F95DC34FF94E" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), between p2 and p3 (URBAC 98–24), the mesial root of p3 (URBAC 00–11, 06–92), or between the roots of p4 (URBAC 02–104). The posterior shift of the mandibular symphysis is probably ontogenetically correlated. In URBAC 06–113 there are two small anterior mental foramina under i2 and one larger under the mesial root of canine. Two other specimens also preserve an anterior mental foramen under i3 (URBAC 04–193) or under the distal root of the canine (ZIN 88481). In other specimens the distal-most of the anterior mental foramina is under the mesial root of p1 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA26115553AFAECC6A3FAB1" box="[1064,1252,1330,1352]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), distal root of p1 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA261155245FA8FC64FFA9E" box="[855,1032,1361,1383]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), or mesial root of p3 (URBAC 03–40). In ZIN 88482 and URBAC 98–24 this foramen is very large and extends for the whole length of p1. In URBAC 02–104 there is a lateral groove from below p1 to the mesial root of p3, which houses two large mental foramina at its ends. The posterior mental foramen is under the mesial root of p5 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA261155244F9F9C65CF9C4" box="[854,1051,1575,1597]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), between the roots of p5 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA261155471F9F9C1D9F9A2" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), or under the distal root of p5 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="35E2FD10FFA26115540BF99BC121F980" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
). The labial mandibular foramen is usually represented by three to six relatively large irregular openings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA26114522DF91EC3B2FF03" blockId="22.[806,1422,1208,1903]" lastBlockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">
|
||
The condylar and angular processes are preserved only in IZANUz P2155-M-1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="47754B68FFA261155574F900C777F90A" author="Nesov LA & Archibald JD & Kielan-Jaworowska Z" box="[1126,1328,1758,1780]" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" pagination="40 - 88" refId="ref32857" refString="Nesov LA, Archibald JD, Kielan-Jaworowska Z. 1998. Ungulate-like mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and a phylogenetic analysis of Ungulatomorpha. In: Beard KC, Dawson MR, eds. Dawn of the Age of Mammals in Asia. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34: 40 - 88." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Nesov
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA2611555A0F901C6A5F90A" box="[1202,1250,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 17). The shape and configuration of these processes and the mandibular foramen are essentially the same as in URBAC 02–77 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA2611552E5F8E4C63CF8B6" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[1015,1147,1850,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="22" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA2611552E5F8E4C63CF8B6" box="[1015,1147,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="383">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The medial end of the condylar process is completely preserved (abraded in URBAC 02–77) and pointed, giving a tear-like shape of the condyle in posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA3611451AEFEDAC02CFDB2" blockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
Lower dentition. In URBAC 06–113 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145360FEDDC085FEE0" box="[626,706,259,281]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[144,223,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[254,1317,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[250,1317,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, dentary fragments, stereophotographs of URBAC 06–113, left dentary fragment with i1 alveolus, i2-4 fragments, i4 alveolus, and canine roots, A, anterior and labial views; stereophotographs of URBAC 02–13, left dentary fragment with p2, p3 roots, and p4 anterior root and talonid; B, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; stereophotographs of URBAC 97–03, right dentary fragment with p1 alveoli, p2, p3 alveoli, p4 lacking anterior, p5 roots, and m1 alveoli, C, lingual, occlusal, and labial views; photographs of URBAC 97–03 showing ventral margin of dentary, D, labial and E, lingual (dashed line shows missing anteroventral margin); stereophotographs of ZIN 88477, left dentary fragment with p4, anterior root of p5, and alveoli for p3, F, lingual, occlusal, and labial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406760/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), i2-3 are incompletely preserved, with most of the crowns eliminated by wear or breakage. Numerous edentulous anterior dentary fragments provide information about the lower incisors and canine. Most specimens had three lower incisors, with large i1-3 (i1 is somewhat smaller than i2-3) and a minute i4 wedged on the labial side between the alveoli for i3 and the canine. The root of i4 can be seen in URBAC 99–109 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA3611451BEFDC8C2BAFDD5" box="[172,253,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[164,243,1779,1798]" captionTargetBox="[264,1348,203,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[257,1351,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 99–109, left dentary with i1-4, c, p1-3(?) roots or alveoli, and p4-5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates roots teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406762/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The i4 position can be absent in some specimens, such as URBAC 98–13 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA36114531CFDEBC018FDB2" box="[526,607,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[144,223,1776,1795]" captionTargetBox="[216,1347,200,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-0@26.[209,1359,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 98–13, left dentary with i1-3, c, p1-4 alveoli, and p5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406764/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA3611451AEFD8AC02CFCA7" blockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The lower canine was a large, double-rooted tooth; its mesial root was shorter (URBAC 98–13, 06–113;
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA3611451B6FD4FC2BFFD5E" box="[164,248,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[144,223,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[254,1317,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[250,1317,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, dentary fragments, stereophotographs of URBAC 06–113, left dentary fragment with i1 alveolus, i2-4 fragments, i4 alveolus, and canine roots, A, anterior and labial views; stereophotographs of URBAC 02–13, left dentary fragment with p2, p3 roots, and p4 anterior root and talonid; B, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; stereophotographs of URBAC 97–03, right dentary fragment with p1 alveoli, p2, p3 alveoli, p4 lacking anterior, p5 roots, and m1 alveoli, C, lingual, occlusal, and labial views; photographs of URBAC 97–03 showing ventral margin of dentary, D, labial and E, lingual (dashed line shows missing anteroventral margin); stereophotographs of ZIN 88477, left dentary fragment with p4, anterior root of p5, and alveoli for p3, F, lingual, occlusal, and labial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406760/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Figs 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145018FD4FC362FD5E" box="[266,293,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[144,223,1776,1795]" captionTargetBox="[216,1347,200,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-0@26.[209,1359,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 98–13, left dentary with i1-3, c, p1-4 alveoli, and p5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406764/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">17</figureCitation>
|
||
) or as large as the distal root (URBAC 99–109;
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145017FD71C311FD3C" box="[261,342,687,709]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[164,243,1779,1798]" captionTargetBox="[264,1348,203,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[257,1351,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 99–109, left dentary with i1-4, c, p1-3(?) roots or alveoli, and p4-5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates roots teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406762/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). In ZIN 88470 the tip of the erupting lower canine crown is preserved with the remainder of crown in its crypt. It has a flattened lingual side with the apex deflected somewhat distally. In the deciduous canine the distal root was relatively smaller than in the permanent canine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA3611451AEFCB9C0DFFC21" blockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">The p1, judging from its alveoli, was a small, double-rooted tooth set obliquely (the smaller mesial root was more labial than the distal root) in the dentary between the larger canine and p2.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA3611451AEFC3FC368FB15" blockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The p2 is known from dentary fragments URBAC 97–3 and 02–13 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA36114506DFBDEC397FBEF" box="[383,464,1024,1046]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[144,223,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[254,1317,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[250,1317,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, dentary fragments, stereophotographs of URBAC 06–113, left dentary fragment with i1 alveolus, i2-4 fragments, i4 alveolus, and canine roots, A, anterior and labial views; stereophotographs of URBAC 02–13, left dentary fragment with p2, p3 roots, and p4 anterior root and talonid; B, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; stereophotographs of URBAC 97–03, right dentary fragment with p1 alveoli, p2, p3 alveoli, p4 lacking anterior, p5 roots, and m1 alveoli, C, lingual, occlusal, and labial views; photographs of URBAC 97–03 showing ventral margin of dentary, D, labial and E, lingual (dashed line shows missing anteroventral margin); stereophotographs of ZIN 88477, left dentary fragment with p4, anterior root of p5, and alveoli for p3, F, lingual, occlusal, and labial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406760/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a relatively large, double-rooted tooth with a high main cusp and a small distal accessory cusp (there is no mesial accessory cusp). The mesial side of the main cusp is almost vertical; its apex is deflected somewhat distally. There is a very faint lingual cingulid above the mesial root. An unerupted p2 is also preserved in URBAC 00–68 and 06–111.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA3611451AEFB2BC3B2F92C" blockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The p3, judging from the alveoli, was smaller than p2 and p4, but slightly larger than p1. It is aligned with other premolars in most specimens, but in URBAC 02–13 it is set obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the dentary, with the mesial root placed more labially than the distal root (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145072FA50C3F7FA5D" box="[352,432,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[144,223,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[254,1317,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[250,1317,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, dentary fragments, stereophotographs of URBAC 06–113, left dentary fragment with i1 alveolus, i2-4 fragments, i4 alveolus, and canine roots, A, anterior and labial views; stereophotographs of URBAC 02–13, left dentary fragment with p2, p3 roots, and p4 anterior root and talonid; B, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; stereophotographs of URBAC 97–03, right dentary fragment with p1 alveoli, p2, p3 alveoli, p4 lacking anterior, p5 roots, and m1 alveoli, C, lingual, occlusal, and labial views; photographs of URBAC 97–03 showing ventral margin of dentary, D, labial and E, lingual (dashed line shows missing anteroventral margin); stereophotographs of ZIN 88477, left dentary fragment with p4, anterior root of p5, and alveoli for p3, F, lingual, occlusal, and labial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406760/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter specimen is also unique in having the mesial root distinctly larger than the distal root, whereas in other specimens the distal root is somewhat larger than the mesial root. In some specimens p3 is absent and may have been lost during ontogeny (e.g. ZIN 88482, URBAC 99–109). In URBAC 99–109 there is a short diastema between the p2 and p4 with a little hole attached to the mesial alveolus of p4, possibly representing the distal alveolus for p3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA3611451BEF97FC2BAF94E" box="[172,253,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[164,243,1779,1798]" captionTargetBox="[264,1348,203,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[257,1351,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 99–109, left dentary with i1-4, c, p1-3(?) roots or alveoli, and p4-5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates roots teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406762/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). In ZIN 88482 there are no traces of p
|
||
<quantity id="E41C9B7CFFA3611453A7F97FC098F94E" box="[693,735,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the diastema between p2 and p4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA3611451AEF900C18AFEE0" blockId="23.[164,779,198,1903]" lastBlockId="23.[826,1441,198,1658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The p4 is known from three dentary fragments (ZIN 88477, 88485, URBAC 99–109;
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145341F923C0E4F8EA" box="[595,675,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[144,223,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[254,1317,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[250,1317,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, dentary fragments, stereophotographs of URBAC 06–113, left dentary fragment with i1 alveolus, i2-4 fragments, i4 alveolus, and canine roots, A, anterior and labial views; stereophotographs of URBAC 02–13, left dentary fragment with p2, p3 roots, and p4 anterior root and talonid; B, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; stereophotographs of URBAC 97–03, right dentary fragment with p1 alveoli, p2, p3 alveoli, p4 lacking anterior, p5 roots, and m1 alveoli, C, lingual, occlusal, and labial views; photographs of URBAC 97–03 showing ventral margin of dentary, D, labial and E, lingual (dashed line shows missing anteroventral margin); stereophotographs of ZIN 88477, left dentary fragment with p4, anterior root of p5, and alveoli for p3, F, lingual, occlusal, and labial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406760/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). The p4 is a simple double-rooted tooth like p2, with a high main cusp having an almost vertical mesial side. The posterior accessory cusp is larger than in p2. There is a very small anterior accessory cusp (URBAC 99–109), or a short, faint mesial cingulid in its place (ZIN 88477).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA361145241FEFCC1E7FC84" blockId="23.[826,1441,198,1658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The p5 is known from three dentary fragments and three isolated specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA36114557CFE9EC684FEAF" box="[1134,1219,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[164,243,1779,1798]" captionTargetBox="[264,1348,203,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[257,1351,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 99–109, left dentary with i1-4, c, p1-3(?) roots or alveoli, and p4-5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates roots teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406762/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Figs 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA3611455C6FE9EC6B5FEAF" box="[1236,1266,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[144,223,1776,1795]" captionTargetBox="[216,1347,200,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-0@26.[209,1359,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 98–13, left dentary with i1-3, c, p1-4 alveoli, and p5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406764/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">17</figureCitation>
|
||
). This tooth is close in structure to p
|
||
<quantity id="E41C9B7CFFA361145546FE81C6CFFE8C" box="[1108,1160,351,373]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA361145585FE81C75CFE8D" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[1175,1307,351,372]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA361145585FE81C75CFE8D" box="[1175,1307,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is as variable as in the latter taxon. The paraconid is absent in CCMGE 1/12953 (there is a very short mesial cingulid in its place), a minute cingular cusp in ZIN 82580 (the mesial cingulid on this specimen is much longer than in CCMGE 1/12953), a distinct, but still very small cusp at the base of the protoconid, closer to the lingual side of the latter (URBAC 98–16, 99–109, 04–226), or a larger and more elevated cusp, approximating the position of the paraconid in m1 (URBAC 98–13). In URBAC 98–13 and 99–109 there is a prominent mesial cingulid extending from the paraconid to around the labial base of the protoconid. The metaconid is represented by a metaconid swelling on the lingual side of the protoconid in most specimens, but in URBAC 98–13 it is a distinct cusp separated from the protoconid by a wide protocristid groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145250FCB9C1D4FC84" box="[834,915,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[144,223,1776,1795]" captionTargetBox="[216,1347,200,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-0@26.[209,1359,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 98–13, left dentary with i1-3, c, p1-4 alveoli, and p5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406764/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA361145241FC58C735FBAA" blockId="23.[826,1441,198,1658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The dp5 is known from one dentary fragment and two isolated specimens. This tooth is almost identical in morphology and only slightly larger than dp
|
||
<quantity id="E41C9B7CFFA361145460FC1DC7E6FC20" box="[1394,1441,963,985]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA361145228FC3FC1F9FC0F" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[826,958,993,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA361145228FC3FC1F9FC0F" box="[826,958,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One structural difference does exist: the precingulid in the dp5 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA361145560FBDFC770FBEC" box="[1138,1335,1024,1046]" class="Mammalia" family="Gypsonictopidae" genus="Parazhelestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mynbulakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA361145560FBDFC770FBEC" box="[1138,1335,1024,1046]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">P. mynbulakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much reduced and ridge-like compared with the prominent cusp-like precingulid in this tooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA3611455F5FBE3C72CFBAB" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[1255,1387,1085,1106]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA3611455F5FBE3C72CFBAB" box="[1255,1387,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA361145241FB82C610F983" blockId="23.[826,1441,198,1658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
The lower molars are known from several dentary fragments [amongst which URBAC 98–13 and 99–109 are most complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA36114553CFB47C6C4FB56" box="[1070,1155,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[164,243,1779,1798]" captionTargetBox="[264,1348,203,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[257,1351,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 99–109, left dentary with i1-4, c, p1-3(?) roots or alveoli, and p4-5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates roots teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406762/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Figs 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BBDF2A1CFFA361145584FB46C6F5FB56" box="[1174,1202,1176,1199]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[144,223,1776,1795]" captionTargetBox="[216,1347,200,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-0@26.[209,1359,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Parazhelestes mynbulakensis, stereophotographs URBAC 98–13, left dentary with i1-3, c, p1-4 alveoli, and p5, m1-3. A, stereophotograph and line drawing of anterior end. Light grey indicates teeth and dark grey indicates alveoli. B, stereophotograph of teeth in labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Photographs showing entire dentary, C, lingual view and D, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406764/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">17</figureCitation>
|
||
)] and a number of isolated specimens. The structure of the molars is identical to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E44D1AFFA361145531FB08C6E0FB12" authorityName=": Nesov" authorityYear="1985" box="[1059,1191,1238,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Aegialodontidae" genus="Aspanlestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="23" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA361145531FB08C6E0FB12" box="[1059,1191,1238,1259]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Aspanlestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In m1 the variation concerns the postcingulid, which can be faint (URBAC 00–80, 04–399) or strong (other specimens). One m1 is unique in having an almost complete labial cingulid (URBAC 04–398). In another m1 there is a labial cingulid around the talonid and hypoflexid (URBAC 04–227). Other m1s totally lack the labial cingulid. In m2, as in m1, the most variable structure is the postcingulid. The postcingulid is absent in URBAC 06–65, faint in URBAC 03–170, 04–6, 04–123, and stronger in other specimens. In one m2 (URBAC 98–112) there is an almost complete labial cingulid connected with the postcingulid. The known sample of m3s shows no variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235B3699FFA361145228F97CC74EF94F" blockId="23.[826,1289,1697,1719]" box="[826,1289,1697,1719]" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="1190EA8BFFA361145228F97CC1A3F94E" box="[826,996,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="384">Measurements:</emphasis>
|
||
See Appendices 2 and 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |