420 lines
33 KiB
XML
420 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1e3a2e5-ba9d-4dbb-be1c-c12899750e83" ID-PMC="PMC6160820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-784-95" ID-PubMed="30279632" ID-ZBK="3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-784-95" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 784" ModsDocTitle="Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" checkinTime="1536774126142" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Gilrein, Daniel Owen & Eiseman, Charles S." docDate="2018" docId="584B811BAA5C24E8206F71C0F3079F03" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 784: 95-125" docOrigin="ZooKeys 784" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296" docTitle="Stigmella multispicata Rocienė & Stonis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFA7FFD476402361D3299155FF8CD677" masterDocTitle="Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668166209519" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilrein, Daniel Owen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>784</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>125</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-784-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147598526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:584B811BAA5C24E8206F71C0F3079F03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/584B811BAA5C24E8206F71C0F3079F03" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rocienė & Stonis" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">
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Stigmella multispicata
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocienė">Rocienė</normalizedToken>
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& Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1, 2, 5-6, 7-9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19-25, 26, 28, 29
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocienė">Rocienė</normalizedToken>
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& Stonis in Stonis &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocienė">Rocienė</normalizedToken>
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, 2014: 205. Holotype ♂, Russia, Primorskiy Kray, 20 km E Ussuriysk, Gornotayezhnoe, Biological Station, 8.viii.2011, leg. A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rocienė">Rocienė</normalizedToken>
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, genitalia slide no. AG427 (ZIN) [not examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
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; van
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<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="65 - 246" title="Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799" volume="628" year="2016">Nieukerken et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 106, 173 [moved to
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<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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group].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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In North America
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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is the only
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
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species with the combination of black frontal tuft, white collar, and single fascia.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella quercipulchella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercipulchella">Stigmella quercipulchella</taxonomicName>
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(Chambers, 1882) is relatively similar, but has an additional silver patch at tornus, is slightly larger and has more strongly purple reflections across the forewings. This combination of characters is also diagnostic in East Asia, but there remains a possibility that similar species will be discovered. From the closely related European
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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it differs by the white collar (dark in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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) and the entirely dark antennae (those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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have the distal 7-8 flagellomeres white);
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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is also slightly larger and has more antennal segments. The female of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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differs from all more or less similar species by the obvious long ovipositor, visible even without dissection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Male genitalia differ from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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in the shallowly indented uncus and the very short sublateral processes of the transtilla; the female genitalia are easily recognized by the long apophyses; the ductus spermathecae has no spines in contrast to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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. Some species in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rhamnella" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="rhamnella">S. rhamnella</taxonomicName>
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group have superficially similar male genitalia, but they have no juxta, and the moths are externally very different.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
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leafmines are characterized by the egg placement on the leaf underside in vein axils, larval exit on leaf underside, and green to blue-green larval color.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Male (Figs 1, 5, 6). Forewing length 1.8-1.9 mm (1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.1, 9), wingspan 3.7-4.1 mm. Head: frontal tuft black, collar cream white. Scape cream white. Antenna fuscous, short, with 21-24 segments (22.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.1, 5), ratio to forewing length 12-13 segments/mm. Thorax and forewing shining fuscous bronze, in some lights appearing greenish, a silver fascia at 2/3, apex darker fuscous, terminal cilia concolorous, underside dark fuscous. Hindwing grey-brown. Abdomen brown, without visible anal tufts.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 1-4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
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species, adult habitus. 1
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, male, USA, Indiana, RMNH.INS.24511 2
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, female, USA, Indiana, 10.viii.2010 3
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, male, Netherlands, RMNH.INS.15496 4
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, female, Netherlands, RMNH.INS.15497. Scale bars 1 mm. Photographs C. Doorenweerd (1), E.J. van Nieukerken.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Female (Figure 2). Forewing length 1.8-2.2 mm (1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.2, 7), wingspan 4.0-4.3 mm. Antenna with 18-20 segments (18.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.8, 6), ratio to forewing length 8-11 segments/mm. Otherwise as male, abdomen with conspicuous long protruding ovipositor, with small anal tufts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Male genitalia (Figs 7-9, 12). Capsule length 190-235
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(215.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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23.0, 3), 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Vinculum anteriorly with pointed and anteriorly protruding lateral corners. Uncus with shallow lobes, widely separated. Gnathos with widely separated posterior processes, running parallel. Valva length 170-185
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(177.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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5.0, 3), narrow, 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.0×">-3.0x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, distally becoming narrower, slightly curved inwards, transtilla with pointed corners, sublateral processes almost absent (Figure 12). Juxta present, haltere-shaped, with triangular point distally. Phallus 320-330
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(323.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.8, 3), 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.9×">-2.9x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; vesica with many relatively stout cornuti, varying from long-pointed to broadly triangular, with anterior cornuti smaller.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 5-6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, dead male moths, unmounted, both from USA, Iowa. 5 26.ix.2014 6 27.vii.2014. Scale bars: 1 mm. Photographs M.J. Hatfield.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 7-13.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
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species, male genitalia in ventral view. 7, 8, 12
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, slide EvN4511, RMNH.INS.24511 9
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, slide JCK8417 10, 11, 13
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, slide VU0440, RMNH.INS.20440. 12 and 13 show the difference in transtilla. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Female genitalia (Figs 14, 16, 18). No anal papillae; T8 narrow, anterior and posterior apophyses long and narrow, anterior ones longer (ca 290
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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) than posterior (ca 235
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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). Bursa length ca 810
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; accessory sac strongly curved. Corpus bursae completely covered with relatively distinct pectinations; accessory sac and vestibulum without sclerotizations. Ductus spermathecae originating from accessory sac, with many narrow and indistinct convolutions.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 14-18.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
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species, female genitalia. 14, 16, 18
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, slide JCK8416 15
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, slide VU1638, RMNH.INS.21638 17
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, slide VU1769, RMNH.INS.21769. Scale bars: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(14, 15), 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Larva (Figs 23, 25, 26). Head-capsule length 290
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, width 315
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 19-25.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, immature stages and leafmines on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus pumila" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">Ulmus pumila</taxonomicName>
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. 19 leafmine of barcoded larva, RMNH.INS.30070. China, Beijing 20 leafmine with dead larva, same locality 21-25 all from NY, Sagaponack, 23.x.2015 and 28.x.2015 (cocoon) 25 showing large number of emerged larvae on plastic sheet. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken (19, 20), D.O. Gilrein (21-25).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Host plants.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus pumila" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">Ulmus pumila</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName family="Ulmaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
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), Siberian elm, a widespread tree in East Asia, cultivated globally in temperate climates, widely planted in North America. Vacated mines presumably representing this species were also collected in China on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus macrocarpa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Ulmus macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
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Hance, Large-fruited elm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName genus="Leafmine" lsidName="Leafmine" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="genus">Leafmine</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 19-22). Egg always deposited in vein axils on leaf underside, beneath the trichomes; leafmine a long narrow upper side gallery or corridor mine, running through leaf, usually not along veins and not crossing midrib; slightly curved, but many mines make a U-turn near the end. Frass initially in narrow medial black line, later becoming contorted, brown and almost filling mine. Larval exit on leaf underside.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Larva (Figs 23, 25, 26). Bright green to blue-green, probably feeding with venter upwards (analogy with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not positively observed); head capsule translucent brown. Larvae descending by silken threads, sometimes en masse, spinning a brown cocoon on debris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Figures 26-27.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, larval headcapsules, dorsal view. 26
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, RMNH.INS.30698 27
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, RMNH.INS.18871. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Life history. Larvae and leafmines found in China in October; in North America larvae were observed from 15 June to mid-July and from 19 October to 6 November. Moths were found on 26 May and from 8 July throughout August to 6 September (with a peak between 10 and 15 August), a few late records from 22 and 26 September and 2 October. Moths reared from October mines emerged in the laboratory between 25 March and 19 May. The species has at least two annual generations, maybe more. Adults are frequently found at light.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
(Figs 28, 29). Presumed to be native in Russia: Primorye and China: Beijing. Almost certainly introduced in North America: Canada: Ontario,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
|
||
; United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin. The species has been found in the urban environment, in farmland and in more natural habitats. Table 1 lists the online photographs that we recognized as representing
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Figures 28-29.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="dna barcodes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
All eight barcodes belong to BINBOLD:ACP7362. All North American barcodes are 100% identical; the single Chinese one differs in 11 basepairs (1.7%). The nearest neighbor, at 6.3%, is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmivora">Stigmella ulmivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 44).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">The extensive collections of Chinese microlepidoptera of Nankai University were searched in vain for this species (Li Houhun, personal communication to EvN). It is possible that specimens can be found in other collections in China, such as the Zoological Institute in Beijing.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
19♂, 26♀, 3 sex undetermined, 5 larvae, mines. China: 1 larva (green, dried out, destructively extracted for DNA), China, Beijing, Beijng Botanical garden - Wofosi, E.J. van Nieukerken & S. Richter, 17.x.2013, EvN no 2013117-M,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus pumila" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">Ulmus pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.00417">N40.00417</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.20419">E116.20419</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 108 m, RMNH.INS.30070; 1 mine from which previous larva was taken, RMNH.INS.43922; 1 mine with dead larva, same data, EvN no 2013117-H, RMNH.INS.43923 (all RMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Canada: 1♂,1♀ (in ethanol 96%), Ontario, Toronto, Etobicoke School of the Arts,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="EQP–CLL–">EQP-CLL-</normalizedToken>
|
||
602, Brad Schumacher, 22-28.ix.2014, GMP#05745, Malaise trap,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="43.631">N43.631</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-79.504">W79.504</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 109 m, BIOUG16150-E04, BIOUG16150-E05 (BIOUG); 1 vacated leafmine, Ontario, Ottawa, Bayview Rd., E.J. van Nieukerken, 12.vii.2018,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
, amidst 100's of mines of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Orchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestes steppensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steppensis">Orchestes steppensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, EvN no 2018080H,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.40819">N45.40819</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-75.72474">W75.72474</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, RMNH.INS.45003 (RMNH); 4 vacated mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Montreal, Old Montreal, Avenue de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Hotel">l'Hotel</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Ville, E.J. van Nieukerken, 1.viii.2018,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
, EvN no 2018101-H,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.50894">N45.50894</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.55604">W73.55604</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, RMNH.INS.45004 (RMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
United States: 1♀, Indiana, St. Joseph Co., J. Vargo, 26.v.2010,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="41.37">N 41.37</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’46.2”–">'46.2"-</normalizedToken>
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-86.08">W 86.08</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’13.9”">'13.9"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.6295">N41.62950</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-86.13719">W86.13719</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] (USNM); 1♂, same locality, 2.viii.2010 (USNM); 5♂, 4♀, same locality, 10.viii.2010, genitalia slides JCK8416, JCK8417 (♂), JCK8617, RMNH.INS.15499 (RMNH, MEM, USNM); 1♂, same locality, 13.viii.2010, genitalia slide EvN4511, RMNH.INS.24511 (RMNH); 1♂, same locality, 11.viii.2010 (MEM); 1♀, same locality, 13.viii.2010 (USNM); 5♂, 16♀, same locality, 15.viii.2010 (MEM, RMNH); 1♀, same locality, 28.viii.2010 (MEM); 1♂, 2♀, same locality, 6.ix.2010 (USNM); 1♂ (abdomen missing), Indiana, Pulaski Co., Jasper-Pulaski FWA, J. Vargo, 4.viii.2010, 41 09' 31.0"
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="86.96667">N 086 58'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
42.6"W [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.15861">N41.15861</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-86.9785">W86.9785</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] (USNM); 1♂, Iowa, Winneshiek Co., Plymouth Rock, Black light in a planted prairie near woodlands along the Upper Iowa River, M.J. Hatfield, 26.ix.2014,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.4376">N43.4376</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.0041">W92.0041</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Genitalia slide EvN5052, RMNH.INS.25052 (RMNH); 14 leafmines (13 vacated, 1 with dead larva), Massachusetts, Franklin Co., Sunderland,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.49838">N42.498380</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.54485">W72.544853</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, C.S. Eiseman, 22.vii.2018,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CSEC); 4 larvae (in Tissue collection, ethanol 96%, -80°, 1 preparation), New York, Suffolk Co., Sagaponack, Ms. Lee Foster, 21.x.2015,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="40.93">N40.93</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-72.28">W72.28</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, RMNH.INS.30697, RMNH.INS.30698 (extracted), larval preparation RMNH.INS.30698.P, RMNH.INS.30699, RMNH.INS.30700 (RMNH); 3 adults (in capsule), same data, emerged 25.iii & 19.v.2016, (RMNH); 1♂, Ohio, Franklin Co., Hillard, D.J. Shetlar, 21.vii. 2016,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.007">N40.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.1738">W83.1738</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Genitalia slide EvN4901, RMNH.INS.24901; 1♂, same locality, 1.ix.2016, RMNH.INS.15533 (RMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="tentative id, most likely this species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Tentative ID, most likely this species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
China: 4 tenanted mines (rearing failed), Beijing, Xiangshan, Wofosi and botanical garden, E.J. van Nieukerken & J.W. van Driel, 1.x.1984, EvN no 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1K, Hills with deciduous shrub and low trees,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. macrocarpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">U. macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="39.983">N39.983</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="116.2">E116.2</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 100-500 m, RMNH.INS.44328; 1 vacated mine, same data, EvN no 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1H, RMNH.INS.44330.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Other data, material not examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Canada (Data from BOLD, barcode identification): 1 adult, Ontario, Waterloo region, Kitchener, Crestview Public School, EQP-CLL-863, Sherrie Cochrane, 2.x.2015, GMP#08378,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="43.454">N43.454</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-80.44">W80.44</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 334m, BIOUG25491-E12 (BIOUG); 1 adult, Ontario, Toronto, Eastdale CI,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="EQP–CLL–">EQP-CLL-</normalizedToken>
|
||
605, David Servos, 2.x.2015, GMP#08428,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="43.666">N43.666</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-79.349">W79.349</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 89, BIOUG25505-D03 (BIOUG).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
United States (Observations, personal communications to authors): 4 larvae/mines, Indiana, St. Joseph Co., J. Vargo, 15-29.vi.2018; 120 adults, St. Joseph Co., Mishawaka, J. Vargo, 8.vii.2018, light trap; larvae descending en masse from trees, New York, Suffolk Co., Sagaponack, Ms. Lee Foster, 21.x.2015,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="40.93">N40.93</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-72.28">W72.28</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; larvae still present, same locality, 8.xi.2015; larvae, same locality, Mike Harmon, 16.vii.2016; larvae, same locality, 19.x.2016; larvae descending en masse from trees, New York, Suffolk Co., Wainscott, 3.xi.2015, Mike Harmon,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="40.94">N40.94</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-72.24">W72.24</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |