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<mods:title id="AF991EA24DD39FE6DE3CEE4E9819922B">Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery</mods:title>
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<treatment id="DE47C351FF97C134FF67DDC6FE94789D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701166" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181198343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4701166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE47C351FF97C134FF67DDC6FE94789D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE47C351FF97C134FF67DDC6FE94789D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FF67DDC6FDF078E1" authority="Zahniser &amp; Dietrich" authorityName="Zahniser &amp; Dietrich" box="[151,518,923,949]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltalini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FF67DDC6FDF078E1" bold="true" box="[151,518,923,949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Faltalini Zahniser &amp; Dietrich</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="56517247FF97C137FF67DD84FE1178A5" blockId="13.[151,1437,985,1224]" box="[151,487,985,1009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="8955CCE5FF97C137FF67DD84FF3F78A5" box="[151,201,985,1009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FEE8DD84FE5F78A5" authority="Oman, 1938" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1938" box="[280,425,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FEE8DD84FE9578A5" box="[280,355,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Faltala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FE99DD84FE5F78A5" author="Oman, P. W." box="[361,425,985,1009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="343 - 420" refId="ref80707" refString="Oman, P. W. (1938) A generic revision of American Bythoscopinae and South American Jassinae. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 37, 343 - 420." type="journal article" year="1938">
<collectingCountry id="2EF932D7FF97C137FE99DD84FE5F78A5" box="[361,425,985,1009]" name="Oman" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oman</collectingCountry>
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, 1938
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FF67DDA5FDA27F44" ID-CoL="8JK8M" authority=": Linnavuori &amp; DeLong, 1977: 199" authorityName=": Linnavuori &amp; DeLong" authorityPageNumber="199" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,596,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltalini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Faltalini: Linnavuori &amp; DeLong, 1977: 199</taxonomicName>
[description as the
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FCEFDDA5FC9C7F44" ID-CoL="8HJS5" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[799,874,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FCEFDDA5FC9C7F44" box="[799,874,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FBF5DDA5FAA47F5B" author="Blocker, H. D. &amp; Fang, Q." box="[1029,1362,1015,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="341 - 346" refId="ref78364" refString="Blocker, H. D. &amp; Fang, Q. (1992) A synopsis of the Faltala group (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with descriptions of new taxa. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 65, 341 - 346." type="journal article" year="1992">Blocker &amp; Fang, 1992: 341–346</bibRefCitation>
[as the
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FF37DA4BFEE47F7A" ID-CoL="8HJS5" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,274,1046,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FF37DA4BFEE47F7A" box="[199,274,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, new species, illustration, distribution, discussion];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FC92DA4BFB4C7F7A" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[866,1210,1046,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="667 - 674" refId="ref82364" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Webb, M. D. (2004) Placement of the Faltala Oman leafhopper group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with descriptions of three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 667 - 674. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0667: POTFOL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Zahniser &amp; Webb, 2004: 667–674</bibRefCitation>
[as the
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FAFADA4BFAA37F7A" ID-CoL="8HJS5" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[1290,1365,1046,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FAFADA4BFAA37F7A" box="[1290,1365,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, classification, discussion, new species, illustration, morphology, key];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FC67DA68FAA47F19" author="Remes Lenicov, A. M. &amp; Paradell, S. L." box="[919,1362,1077,1101]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="263 - 269" refId="ref81130" refString="Remes Lenicov, A. M. &amp; Paradell, S. L. (2009) Argentinean species of the Faltala leafhopper group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 68, 263 - 269." type="journal article" year="2009">Remes Lenicov &amp; Paradell, 2009: 263–269</bibRefCitation>
[as the
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FF37DA09FEE47F38" ID-CoL="8HJS5" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,274,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FF37DA09FEE47F38" box="[199,274,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, key, distribution, illustration, discussion];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FCE0DA09FBA47F3F" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[784,1106,1107,1132]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="489 - 511" refId="ref82181" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2010) Phylogeny of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on molecular and morphological data with a revised family-group classification. Systematic Entomology, 35 (3), 489 - 511. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2010.00522. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich, 2010: 507</bibRefCitation>
[original description, classification, phylogeny, DNA sequences];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FDC0DA2FFC7B7FDE" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[560,909,1138,1162]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref82248" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2013) A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 45, 1 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2013.45" type="journal article" year="2013">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich, 2013: 82–85</bibRefCitation>
[description, classification, illustration, discussion, phylogeny, DNA sequences];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FE05DACCFCC07FFD" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[501,822,1169,1193]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="473 - 495" refId="ref82302" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2015) Phylogeny, evolution, and historical biogeography of the grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175, 473 - 495. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12292" type="journal article" year="2015">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich, 2015: 479</bibRefCitation>
, 482 [phylogeny, DNA sequences];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FB54DACCFA6E7FFD" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; Allen, J. M. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Takiya, D. M. &amp; Evangelista, O. &amp; Walden, K. K. O. &amp; Grady, P. G. S. &amp; Johnson, K. P." box="[1188,1432,1169,1193]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="57 - 72" refId="ref79082" refString="Dietrich, C. H., Allen, J. M., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Takiya, D. M., Evangelista, O., Walden, K. K. O., Grady, P. G. S. &amp; Johnson, K. P. (2017) Anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogenomics of leafhoppers and treehoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 1 (1), 57 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixx 003" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FB0DDACFFADC7FFD" box="[1277,1322,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
., 2017: 61
</bibRefCitation>
, 65 [phylogeny, DNA sequences];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FDEEDAEDFD437F9C" author="Zahniser, J. N." box="[542,693,1200,1224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref82139" refString="Zahniser, J. N. (2007) An online interactive key and searchable database of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Available from: http: // zahniser. speciesfile. org / (accessed 20 June 2020)" type="url" year="2007">Zahniser, 2007</bibRefCitation>
[online catalogue];
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FC70DAEDFB877F9C" author="Freytag, P. H. &amp; Gaiani, M." box="[896,1137,1200,1224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref79405" refString="Freytag, P. H. &amp; Gaiani, M. (2017) Neotropical Leafhoppers. Available from: http: // neotropicalcicadellidae. myspecies. info / (accessed 25 January 2020)" type="url" year="2017">Freytag &amp; Gaiani, 2017</bibRefCitation>
[online catalogue]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EF421CCFF97C134FF67DAB3FE94789D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="56517247FF97C137FF67DAB3FEBA7D76" blockId="13.[151,1437,1262,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FF67DAB3FEE47E5C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1262,1288]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FEE9DAB3FE807E5C" authorityName=": Linnavuori &amp; DeLong" authorityYear="1977" box="[281,374,1262,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Faltalini">Faltalini</taxonomicName>
as circumscribed here encompasses a wide range of morphological diversity. Its circumscription is based partly on the strong support from molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FC97DB4CFB607E78" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[871,1174,1297,1324]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref82248" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2013) A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 45, 1 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2013.45" type="journal article" year="2013">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich, 2013</bibRefCitation>
) indicating a well-supported monophyletic clade including the sampled taxa
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FCF6DB68FBE47E1B" authority="Zahniser, 2021" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[774,1042,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Tenucephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FCF6DB68FBE47E1B" box="[774,1042,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tenucephalus umbrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FBEADB68FBAC7E1B" bold="true" box="[1050,1114,1333,1359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FA9132EFF97C137FBEADB68FBAC7E1B" box="[1050,1114,1333,1359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FB99DB68FA617E04" authority="(Ball)" baseAuthorityName="Ball" box="[1129,1431,1333,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bracteatus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FB99DB68FABD7E1B" box="[1129,1355,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hecullus bracteatus</emphasis>
(Ball)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FF36DB04FDC57E26" authority="Zahniser. The" authorityName="Zahniser. The" authorityYear="2004" box="[198,563,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Kramerana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="junina">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FF36DB04FE637E26" box="[198,405,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kramerana junina</emphasis>
Zahniser. The
</taxonomicName>
morphological diversity of the tribe makes it difficult to diagnose with characters traditionally used to define tribes of
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FDA5DB26FCF87EC1" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1870" box="[597,782,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Deltocephalinae">Deltocephalinae</taxonomicName>
, including those of the head, forewings, and male genitalia. Nevertheless, the genera included in
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FDC8DBC3FD637EEC" authorityName=": Linnavuori &amp; DeLong" authorityYear="1977" box="[568,661,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Faltalini">Faltalini</taxonomicName>
here share certain morphological characters which allow the tribe to be diagnosed as a whole, and smaller informal genus groups can be identified with additional characters. Diagnoses of the tribe and these groups are given below. A more detailed description of the tribe can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FAEDDBB8FEBE7D76" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref82248" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2013) A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 45, 1 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2013.45" type="journal article" year="2013">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF97C137FF37D876FC2F7D86" blockId="13.[151,1437,1262,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FF37D876FEC57D11" bold="true" box="[199,307,1579,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FF37D876FED87D11" authorityName=": Linnavuori &amp; DeLong" authorityYear="1977" box="[199,302,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Faltalini">Faltalini</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Members of this tribe share the following characters: 1) phragma partly forming sclerotized plates or developed into setose bulbous lobes (exception:
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FD5FD813FCD57D3C" box="[687,803,1614,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acrolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FD5FD813FCD57D3C" box="[687,803,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 2) first valvula shape relatively straight; 3) first valvula dorsal sculpturing separated from dorsal margin by unsculptured band; 4) first valvula dorsal sculpturing pattern maculose, with maculae separate or only slightly overlapping, or granulose; 5) first valvula with distinctly delimited ventral sculptured area (VSA); and 6) second valvula without dorsal teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF97C137FF37D886FE887CBF" blockId="13.[151,1437,1262,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The partly sclerotized phragma appears sporadically in some genera and species of other tribes of
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FAF4D886FF377C4D" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Deltocephalinae">Deltocephalinae</taxonomicName>
, but is not sclerotized universally in any other tribes, with the possible exception of Limotettigini.
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FAF4D8A3FF487C68" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Deltocephalinae">Deltocephalinae</taxonomicName>
that share all of the female characters listed above are
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FCE9D97CFC617C6F" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1965" box="[793,919,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Arrugadini">Arrugadini</taxonomicName>
, Eupelicini: Paradorydiina, Hecalini:
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FAC9D97CFA6B7C6F" box="[1337,1437,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Hecalina">Hecalina</taxonomicName>
(but with second valvula distinctly humpbacked dorsally and concave ventrally), some
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FB93D918FB077C0B" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1906" box="[1123,1265,1861,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrostelini">Macrostelini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FADFD918FF097CD7" authority="Kirkaldy" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Balclutha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FADFD918FA6A7C0B" box="[1327,1436,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Balclutha</emphasis>
Kirkaldy
</taxonomicName>
), and Stenometopiini. These groups can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FC4CD935FBEF7CD6" authorityName=": Linnavuori &amp; DeLong" authorityYear="1977" box="[956,1049,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Faltalini">Faltalini</taxonomicName>
by a number of other morphological characters that define each of them (
<bibRefCitation id="327F0FB6FF97C137FDAAD9D6FC7D7CF1" author="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[602,907,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref82248" refString="Zahniser, J. N. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2013) A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 45, 1 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2013.45" type="journal article" year="2013">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Some deltocephaline taxa share some but not all of the female characters above. For example,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF97C137FD34D9F3FB227C9D" authority="Kouchakewitch" authorityName="Kouchakewitch" authorityYear="1866" box="[708,1236,1966,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Dorycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF97C137FD34D9F3FC977C9C" box="[708,865,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorycephalus</emphasis>
Kouchakewitch (Dorycephalini)
</taxonomicName>
shares characters 2–4, but not 5 and 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF94C134FF37DECBFBC27A31" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DECBFE497BE5" bold="true" box="[199,447,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FF37DECBFE9E7BE5" box="[199,360,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Tenucephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DECBFE9E7BE5" bold="true" box="[199,360,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tenucephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
This groups includes
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FD4DDECAFCA07BE5" box="[701,854,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Tenucephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FD4DDECAFCA07BE5" box="[701,854,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tenucephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FC60DECAFC0E7BE4" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1937" box="[912,1016,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Bonamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FC60DECAFC0E7BE4" box="[912,1016,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bonamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It can be diagnosed by: 1) head not strongly produced, median length usually much less than 1.8x length next to eye; 2) anterior margin of head with numerous transverse carinae; 3) ocelli close to eye; 4) macropterous; 5) profemur row AV with numerous very short stout setae in a uniform row, or setae reduced or absent; 6) phragma forming setose bulbous lobes articulating dorsally with base of aedeagus; 7) ovipositor protruding very far beyond pygofer; 8) first valvula dorsal sculpturing forming dorsoventrally elongated maculae; and 9) gonoplac with long macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF94C134FF37DF33FE3B79D1" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DF33FE7E7ADD" bold="true" box="[199,392,366,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FF37DF33FED97ADD" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,303,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DF33FED97ADD" bold="true" box="[199,303,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
This group includes
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FD70DF32FD127ADD" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[640,740,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FD70DF32FD127ADD" box="[640,740,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FD04DF32FC7A7ADD" box="[756,908,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecalocorica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FD04DF32FC7A7ADD" box="[756,908,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecalocorica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FC20DF32FBB27ADD" box="[976,1092,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acrolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FC20DF32FBB27ADD" box="[976,1092,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The group can be diagnosed by: 1) crown texture completely shagreen; 2) pronotum texture completely shagreen; 3) pronotum lateral margin nearly as long as or longer than width of eye (also present in
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FCA0DFEAFC217A85" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[848,983,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Dietrichana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FCA0DFEAFC217A85" box="[848,983,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dietrichana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FC00DFEAFBA27A85" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[1008,1108,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FC00DFEAFBA27A85" box="[1008,1108,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FB7CDFEAFAF67A85" box="[1164,1280,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acrolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FB7CDFEAFAF67A85" box="[1164,1280,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unique in the tribe in having subbrachypterous females. The males of
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FCC9DF86FC6B7AA1" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[825,925,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FCC9DF86FC6B7AA1" box="[825,925,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are macropterous and those of
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FB0FDF86FA857AA1" box="[1279,1395,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acrolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FB0FDF86FA857AA1" box="[1279,1395,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are submacropterous. This group is paraphyletic with respect to the
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FC93DFA2FC43794D" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[867,949,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FC93DFA2FC43794D" box="[867,949,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FBFBDFA2FB99794D" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[1035,1135,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FBFBDFA2FB99794D" box="[1035,1135,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FB55DFA2FAEF794D" box="[1189,1305,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acrolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FB55DFA2FAEF794D" box="[1189,1305,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share some characters in common with the
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FE02DC7EFDB27969" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[498,580,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FE02DC7EFDB27969" box="[498,580,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (dorsum with alternating longitudinal or zig-zag whitish and brownish stripes or with indications of such stripes and ventrolateral margin of thorax with dark brown or black below stripe) that
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FF38DC36FE9679D1" box="[200,352,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecalocorica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF38DC36FE9679D1" box="[200,352,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecalocorica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF94C134FF37DCD3FB8679A5" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DCD3FE8579FD" bold="true" box="[199,371,654,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FF37DCD3FEED79FD" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,283,654,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DCD3FEED79FD" bold="true" box="[199,283,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
This group includes
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FD99DCD2FD2679FD" box="[617,720,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ackbaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FD99DCD2FD2679FD" box="[617,720,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ackbaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FD10DCD2FC8B79FD" box="[736,893,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Aequcephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FD10DCD2FC8B79FD" box="[736,893,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Aequcephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FC7EDCD2FBFF79FD" box="[910,1033,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Clorindaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FC7EDCD2FBFF79FD" box="[910,1033,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Clorindaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FBE9DCD2FB5679FD" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[1049,1184,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Dietrichana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FBE9DCD2FB5679FD" box="[1049,1184,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dietrichana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FB41DCD2FAF579FD" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[1201,1283,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FB41DCD2FAF579FD" box="[1201,1283,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FAE4DCD2FA6379FC" box="[1300,1429,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Kramerana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FAE4DCD2FA6379FC" box="[1300,1429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kramerana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FF67DCEEFEB27999" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,324,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraclorindaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF67DCEEFEB27999" box="[151,324,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paraclorindaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FE74DCEEFE0F7998" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Thambimuttu. This" authorityYear="1973" box="[388,505,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Virganana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FE74DCEEFE0F7998" box="[388,505,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Virganana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It can be diagnosed by: 1) male brachypterous; 2) female brachypterous; 3) forewing venation reticulated (exception:
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FDB0DC8AFD5179A5" box="[576,679,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ackbaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FDB0DC8AFD5179A5" box="[576,679,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ackbaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 4) phragma forming sclerotized plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF94C134FF37DCA7FD8F78D5" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DCA7FDBF7841" bold="true" box="[199,585,762,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FF37DCA7FED97841" authorityName="Oman" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,303,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Hecullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF37DCA7FED97841" bold="true" box="[199,303,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group +
<taxonomicName id="91EE09C4FF94C134FE6FDCA7FE057841" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2021" box="[415,499,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Faltala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FE6FDCA7FE057841" bold="true" box="[415,499,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Faltala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
These two genus groups share the following characters: 1) head produced, median length usually 1.8x or more length next to eye; 2) ocelli distant from eye; 3) anterior margin of head flattened, foliaceous, or rugose; 4) profemur row AV with some longer and shorter setae in a relatively less uniform row; 5) gonoplac without long macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56517247FF94C134FF67DDF2FE94789D" blockId="14.[151,354,943,969]" box="[151,354,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="649AAE55FF94C134FF67DDF2FE94789D" bold="true" box="[151,354,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Included genera:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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