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<mods:title id="38F87E25CC51DE7EF5E64D730859DE8C">Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5278741A0ADF24391515ABF" ID-CoL="56RNJ" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,613,1645,1671]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="propinqua">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5278741A0ADF24391515ABF" bold="true" box="[151,613,1645,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5278741A0ADF24392425ABF" bold="true" box="[151,374,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thyone propinqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F5278741A144F24391515ABF" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[382,613,1645,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="280 - 299" refId="ref29994" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d'holothuries des Cotes d'Afrique du sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2 serie 42 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1E93655AF5278741A0ADF2BF92065A93" box="[151,306,1681,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="563636D1F5278741A0ADF2BF92065A93" blockId="7.[151,613,1645,1707]" box="[151,306,1681,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5278741A0ADF2BF92065A93" box="[151,306,1681,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[305,1289,337,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-166@9.[305,1289,327,1804]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4AD. Thyone propinqua Cherbonnier, 1970, SAM-A27981. A.Tables from ventral body wall; B. tables from ventral podia; C. end-plate. D Holotype EcHh 1493. Introvert deposits. A, B &amp; D scale a; C scale b. E-G. Thyone venustella (Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935) (ex Natasen Moodley 2000). E. Tables from dorsal body wall; F. abnormal tables from dorsal body wall; G. end-plate from ventral podium. E &amp; F scale c; G scale d. H-K. Thyone venustella (Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935). SAM-A27755 (6 mm specimen). H.. Tables from body wall; I. plates from introvert; J. plates from tentacles; K. underdeveloped calcareous ring. H-J scale e." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4AD</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="563636D1F5278741A0ADF2CF90C95AC3" blockId="7.[151,1021,1761,1787]" box="[151,1021,1761,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="769911FFF5278741A0ADF2CF90C95AC3" box="[151,1021,1761,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitation id="D72810C0F5278741A0ADF2CF91BA5AC3" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[151,654,1761,1787]" page="289" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1970">
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5278741A0ADF2CF91BA5AC3" ID-CoL="56RNJ" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970: 289" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,654,1761,1787]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="propinqua">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5278741A0ADF2CF92595AC2" box="[151,365,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thyone propinqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F5278741A14FF2CF91BA5AC3" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[373,654,1761,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="280 - 299" refId="ref29994" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d'holothuries des Cotes d'Afrique du sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2 serie 42 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970: 289</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 5ck;
<treatmentCitation id="D72810C0F5278741A32BF2CF90CE5AC3" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[785,1018,1761,1787]" page="216" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F5278741A32BF2CF90CE5AC3" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[785,1018,1761,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="207 - 223" refId="ref31263" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar, 1990: 216</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="563636D1F5278741A0ADF31F92895B4B" blockId="7.[151,445,1841,1907]" box="[151,445,1841,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF5278741A0ADF31F928D5B4B" box="[151,441,1841,1907]" collectionCode="MNHNP" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="89328873F5278741A0ADF31F93E75B73" box="[151,211,1841,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F5278741A086F37792125B4B" box="[188,294,1881,1907]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNHNP</collectionCode>
, EcHh 1493
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F527874EA0ADF38796535CE4" blockId="7.[151,481,1961,2027]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1383,152,220]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF5278741A0ADF38792D55BD3" collectionCode="WCP" elevation="19" location="Mossel Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="19" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="89328873F5278741A0ADF38793E55BFB" box="[151,209,1961,1987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality
<location id="5356600AF5278741A086F3FF92735BD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F527874EA0ADF24391575F64:5356600AF5278741A086F3FF92735BD3" box="[188,327,2001,2027]" name="Mossel Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mossel Bay</location>
,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F5278741A169F3FF92A75BD3" box="[339,403,2001,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">WCP</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5278741A1A4F3FF92D55BD3" box="[414,481,2001,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">
<quantity id="91719B34F5278741A1A4F3FF92E95BD3" box="[414,477,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="19.0">
<elevation id="DDA4D1E2F5278741A1A4F3FF92E95BD3" box="[414,477,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF528874EA0ADF4B692915CE4" collectionCode="UCT" location="Material" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="5356600AF528874EA0ADF4B693CE5C8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F527874EA0ADF24391575F64:5356600AF528874EA0ADF4B693CE5C8A" box="[151,250,152,178]" name="Material" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material</location>
examined SAM-A27981,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F528874EA150F4EC92915CE4" box="[362,421,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">UCT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF528874EA196F4EC96535CE4" box="[428,1383,192,220]" collectingDate="1961-10-27" collectionCode="FAL" latitude="-34.233334" location="False Bay" longLatPrecision="1200" longitude="18.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="FAL 493" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Ecol. Surv.,
<location id="5356600AF528874EA206F4EC91855CE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F527874EA0ADF24391575F64:5356600AF528874EA206F4EC91855CE4" box="[572,689,194,220]" latitude="-34.233334" longLatPrecision="1200" longitude="18.5" name="False Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">False Bay</location>
, St.
<specimenCode id="062F9EAAF528874EA2DEF4EC907B5CE4" box="[740,847,194,220]" collectionCode="FAL" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FAL 493</specimenCode>
,
<geoCoordinate id="33BD5016F528874EA361F4EC90F75CE4" box="[859,963,192,220]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-34.233334">
34
<superScript id="A1FC9B99F528874EA342F4EE90B45CF6" attach="left" box="[888,896,192,206]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">o</superScript>
14' S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="33BD5016F528874EA3EAF4EC970F5CE4" box="[976,1083,192,220]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="18.5">
18
<superScript id="A1FC9B99F528874EA3D7F4EE90C15CF6" attach="left" box="[1005,1013,192,206]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">o</superScript>
30' E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="22371011F528874EA47DF4EC978B5CE4" box="[1095,1215,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1961-10-27">
<collectingDate id="3273E9F9F528874EA47DF4EC978B5CE4" box="[1095,1215,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1961-10-27">
27.x.
<quantity id="91719B34F528874EA4BAF4EC978B5CE4" box="[1152,1215,194,220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96142" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1961.42">1961</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 42 m,
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F528874EA52FF4EC96535CE4" box="[1301,1383,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F528874EA0ADF53C91965D6C" blockId="8.[151,674,274,340]" box="[151,674,274,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Distribution False Bay to Mossel Bay,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F528874EA1D7F51491185D6C" box="[493,556,314,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">WCP</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="91719B34F528874EA202F51491A95D6C" box="[568,669,314,340]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="19.0">
19-
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F528874EA264F51491A95D6C" box="[606,669,314,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">51 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F528874EA0ADF5A493CB5D9C" blockId="8.[151,1436,394,860]" box="[151,255,394,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F528874EA087F59C91575F64" blockId="8.[151,1436,394,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
This species, also well described by
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F528874EA253F59C90605DF4" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[617,852,434,460]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="280 - 299" refId="ref29994" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d'holothuries des Cotes d'Afrique du sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2 serie 42 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, is based on
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collected at
<quantity id="91719B34F528874EA514F59C965E5DF4" box="[1326,1386,434,460]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
and
<quantity id="91719B34F528874EA0ADF5F493E05DCC" box="[151,212,474,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="51.0">51 m</quantity>
from Mossel Bay (
<typeStatus id="89328873F528874EA180F5F491105DCC" box="[442,548,474,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and False Bay respectively. It was recognized, from some
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F528874EA4C8F5F496195DCC" box="[1266,1325,474,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">UCT</collectionCode>
material, by Ahearn but the record was not published.
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F528874EA297F62C90505E24" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[685,868,514,540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="207 - 223" refId="ref31263" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar (1990)</bibRefCitation>
provided dimensions of the spicules based on a fragment of the body wall of the
<typeStatus id="89328873F528874EA215F60491AC5E7C" box="[559,664,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. The present specimen (
<quantity id="91719B34F528874EA385F604972D5E7C" box="[959,1049,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
), previously studied by
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F528874EA507F604926C5E54" author="Natasen Moodley, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref30527" refString="Natasen Moodley, M. (2000) A taxonomic study of some holothuroid echinoderms taken from southern African waters west of Port Elizabeth, in the collections of the South African Museum. MSc. dissertation, University of Durban- Westville, South Africa. 170 pp." type="book" year="2000">Natasen Moodley (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, although lacking a calcareous ring, corresponds well with the type. An examination of it and those identified by Ahearn, demonstrate that
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F528874EA29DF65590095EAC" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" box="[679,829,635,660]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="propinqua">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F528874EA29DF65590095EAC" box="[679,829,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. propinqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a good species and hence the doubt expressed by
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F528874EA0ADF68C92795E84" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[151,333,674,700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="207 - 223" refId="ref31263" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar (1990)</bibRefCitation>
that it might be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F528874EA2ECF68D905D5E84" authorityName="Ludwig &amp; Heding" authorityYear="1935" box="[726,873,675,700]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venustella">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F528874EA2ECF68D905D5E84" box="[726,873,675,700]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. venustella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be discounted. This viewpoint is also supported by
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F528874EA137F6E491025EDC" author="Natasen Moodley, M." box="[269,566,714,740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref30527" refString="Natasen Moodley, M. (2000) A taxonomic study of some holothuroid echinoderms taken from southern African waters west of Port Elizabeth, in the collections of the South African Museum. MSc. dissertation, University of Durban- Westville, South Africa. 170 pp." type="book" year="2000">Natasen Moodley (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Ahearns material (
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F528874EA31BF6E490405EDC" box="[801,884,714,740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
) also came from False Bay, between 33 and
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F528874EA545F6E493815F34" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">
<quantity id="91719B34F528874EA545F6E493855F34" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
It is a pity that
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F528874EA14BF6DC916D5F34" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[369,601,754,780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="280 - 299" refId="ref29994" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d'holothuries des Cotes d'Afrique du sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2 serie 42 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier (1970)</bibRefCitation>
did not examine the introvert spicules. Examination of the type at the
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F528874EA0ADF73492355F0C" box="[151,257,794,820]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNP</collectionCode>
revealed that the introvert spicules (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F528874EA28CF73490075F0C" box="[694,819,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[305,1289,337,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-166@9.[305,1289,327,1804]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4AD. Thyone propinqua Cherbonnier, 1970, SAM-A27981. A.Tables from ventral body wall; B. tables from ventral podia; C. end-plate. D Holotype EcHh 1493. Introvert deposits. A, B &amp; D scale a; C scale b. E-G. Thyone venustella (Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935) (ex Natasen Moodley 2000). E. Tables from dorsal body wall; F. abnormal tables from dorsal body wall; G. end-plate from ventral podium. E &amp; F scale c; G scale d. H-K. Thyone venustella (Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935). SAM-A27755 (6 mm specimen). H.. Tables from body wall; I. plates from introvert; J. plates from tentacles; K. underdeveloped calcareous ring. H-J scale e." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107091/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 4D</figureCitation>
) comprise perforated plates and crinkly rosette-like deposits but no tables and true rosettes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>