treatments-xml/data/D2/5C/0B/D25C0B5EAEBE5B4787DCB2EE0B9D9CA7.xml

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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="D25C0B5E-AEBE-5B47-87DC-B2EE0B9D9CA7" authority="Mueller &amp; Troschel, 1842" authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
Astropecten brasiliensis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1842
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Astropecten brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1842: 68. 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. &quot;Almirante Saldanha&quot; no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. &quot; Almirante Saldanha &quot; no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 5. 
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: 357. 
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: 422. 
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: 25-26, pl. 2a, fig. 16a. 
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 230. 
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: 350. 
<bibRefCitation author="Lima, EJB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B71" refString="Lima, EJB, Fernandes, MLB, 2009. Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 11: 55 - 63" title="Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)." volume="11" year="2009">Lima and Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 58. 
<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 75. 
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 143, 144.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten braziliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">Astropecten braziliensis</taxonomicName>
Rathbun, 1879: 150. 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis subsp. riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="riensis">Astropecten brasiliensis riensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döderlein">Doederlein</normalizedToken>
, 1917: 84.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis subsp. armatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="armatus">Astropecten brasiliensis armatus</taxonomicName>
Jonh, 1948: 503.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten armatus subsp. brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="armatus" subSpecies="brasiliensis">Astropecten armatus brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
Tortonese, 1956: 329. 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 12-13, pl. 2, fig. 3; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
: 7, fig. 19. 
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 3; 
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
: 7-8, pl. 4, fig. 3. 
<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 10. 
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. &quot;Prof. W. Besnard&quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. &quot; Prof. W. Besnard &quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodrigues and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 81-83. 
<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 63.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName authority="brasiliensis" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis subsp. brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="brasiliensis">Astropecten brasiliensis brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döderlein">Doederlein</normalizedToken>
, 1917: 83.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten armatus subsp. riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="armatus" subSpecies="riensis">Astropecten armatus riensis</taxonomicName>
Tommasi, 1958: 13-14, pr. 2, fig. 4. 
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 3; 
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
: 8, pl. 4, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1917" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riensis">Astropecten riensis</taxonomicName>
Tommasi, 1970: 7. 
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. &quot;Prof. W. Besnard&quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. &quot; Prof. W. Besnard &quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodrigues and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 89. 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B139" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1988. Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 6" title="Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi and Aron 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 3. 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. &quot;Almirante Saldanha&quot; no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. &quot; Almirante Saldanha &quot; no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
: Fortaleza, Mucuripe, 1 spec., MNRJ285, 1945. Rio Grande do Norte: Areia Branca, Ponta do Mel, 1 spec., UFPB/ECH.1919, 23.VI.182. Bahia: Salvador, 2 spec., UFBA00132, 01.III.2000.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sebastião">Sebastiao</normalizedToken>
Island, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil (
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Disk small with long, slender, dorsally flattened arms (~12.44 mm). Abactinal surface densely covered by overlapping and irregularly arranged paxillae. Paxillae with 26-30 long, blunt spinelets, the central ones sometimes shorter and more rounded than the marginal ones. Carinal paxillae larger than the adradial ones. Superomarginal figs longer (~5.7 mm) than wide (~1.19 mm), covered by short, apically rounded spinelets (giving them a granulose aspect), and having two large spines (rarely one). Inferomarginal figs with two long and flattened spines positioned vertically and forming a marginal fringe, the most ventral one being larger than the dorsal one. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Adambulacral</pageBreakToken>
figs with three ambulacral spines, the inner one being slightly longer than the other two. Without pedicellariae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colour.</emphasis>
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="119 - 148" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241956000100008" refId="B18" refString="Bernasconi, I, 1957. Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Segunda contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 7: 119 - 148, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241956000100008" title="Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Segunda contribucion." url="10.1590/S0373-55241956000100008" volume="7" year="1957">Bernasconi (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, live animals have an intense violet colour with the spines of the marginal fringe yellowish or pinkish. Actinal surface light salmon colour. When dry specimens may be light pink or whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Honduras, Panama, Suriname, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina (Mar del Plata) (
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
). In Brazil: CE, PE, AL, BA, RJ, SP, SC, and RS, incluing the islands of Fernando de Noronha and Trindade (
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In this paper we establish the first record for Rio Grande do Norte. From 7 to 45 m in depth (
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
This species differs from the remaining species of the genus known from the Brazilian coast for presenting paxillary spinelets and spines of the marginal fringe long and thin and for having up to two spines on the supermarginal figs. The vast synonymy presented by 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
evidences the plasticity of some of its characters, such as the number of spines on the superomarginal figs. This character, together with the shape of the marginal spines and paxillae spinelets formed the basis for the establishment of the five known subspecies. 
<bibRefCitation author="Doederlein, L" journalOrPublisher="Sibog-Exped" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 190" refId="B38" refString="Doederlein, L, 1917. Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Sibog-Exped 46a: 1 - 190" title="Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte." volume="46 a" year="1917">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döderlein">Doederlein</normalizedToken>
(1917)
</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten armatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1840 and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten erinaceus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="erinaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten erinaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1840 subspecies of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of differences in the adambulacral and superomarginal spines. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boone, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 217" refId="B19" refString="Boone, L, 1933. Scientific results of cruises of the Yachts Eagle and Ara, 1921-1928, Willian K. Vanderbilt Commanding. Coelenterata, Echinodermata, and Mollusca. Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum 4: 1 - 217" title="Scientific results of cruises of the Yachts Eagle and Ara, 1921 - 1928, Willian K. Vanderbilt Commanding. Coelenterata, Echinodermata, and Mollusca." volume="4" year="1933">Boone (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="331 - 355" refId="B29" refString="Clark, AH, 1940. Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25: 331 - 355" title="Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on echinoderms from the west coast of Central America." volume="25" year="1940">Clark (1940)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="John, D" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Zoolicae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="485 - 508" refId="B61" refString="John, D, 1948. Notes on Asteroidea in the British Museum (Natural History) 1. The species of Astropecten. Novitates Zoolicae 42: 485 - 508" title="Notes on Asteroidea in the British Museum (Natural History) 1. The species of Astropecten." volume="42" year="1948">John (1948)</bibRefCitation>
disagreed with 
<bibRefCitation author="Doederlein, L" journalOrPublisher="Sibog-Exped" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 190" refId="B38" refString="Doederlein, L, 1917. Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Sibog-Exped 46a: 1 - 190" title="Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte." volume="46 a" year="1917">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döderlein">Doederlein</normalizedToken>
(1917)
</bibRefCitation>
and considered the three species not to be different, stating that the characters proposed to diagnose the species were not significant. 
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp (1976)</bibRefCitation>
listed a series of variations observed in specimens from Surinam and established 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1917" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten riensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct species. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="119 - 148" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241956000100008" refId="B18" refString="Bernasconi, I, 1957. Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Segunda contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 7: 119 - 148, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241956000100008" title="Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Segunda contribucion." url="10.1590/S0373-55241956000100008" volume="7" year="1957">Bernasconi (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">Brito (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
) adopted the subspecies proposed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller, J" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="B102" refString="Mueller, J, Troschel, FH, 1842. System der Asteriden." title="System der Asteriden" year="1842">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
and Troschel (1842)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Doederlein, L" journalOrPublisher="Sibog-Exped" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 190" refId="B38" refString="Doederlein, L, 1917. Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Sibog-Exped 46a: 1 - 190" title="Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte." volume="46 a" year="1917">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döderlein">Doederlein</normalizedToken>
(1917)
</bibRefCitation>
for Brazilian material. 
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, analysing the neotype of the species, concluded that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten armatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct, while 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1917" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten riensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of the first. Furthermore, he considered all the described subspecies to be synonyms. We agree with the proposal of 
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and include the subspecies (
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis subsp. riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="riensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis riensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis subsp. armatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="brasiliensis" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis subsp. brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten armatus subsp. riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="armatus" subSpecies="riensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten armatus riensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1917" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten riensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten riensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen examined in this study was broken, but its taxonomic characters were observable, except for the loss of the superomarginal spines. Scars of these spines remained on the figs, however, and we were able to establish that two spines occurred per fig, characterizing an adult individual.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="ecological notes">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
As a rule burrowed in sand substrates, where it is a generalist predator, feeding on a variety of organisms from the benthic endofauna, such as bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans, echinoderms, and polychaetes (
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
). As all species inhabiting soft sediments, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Astropecten brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is suffering the impact of excessive collecting, being captured in bottom trawling nets and frequently do not resist the damage inflicted by these fishing efforts (
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Presently the species is considered to be vulnerable to extinction along the Brazilian coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>