242 lines
30 KiB
XML
242 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2560AD6683FA4D5996499DC69A5AA557">A morphological review of tribes in Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8AD6E4E80AC5B3C8806F41D4722713D">Viidalepp, Jaan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3EBA01EFC14C7FBEE53BF360EDA85150">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="860D2A859D2BC06F6654D32CF94CDB8D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279481</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D2566362FFB0FFEBFF75F99CD909FC82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184095" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119427090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184095" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2566362FFB0FFEBFF75F99CD909FC82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2566362FFB0FFEBFF75F99CD909FC82" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB0FFE5FF75F99CD971F9E7" blockId="22.[151,551,1536,1595]" box="[151,551,1536,1562]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="01086518FFB0FFE5FF75F99CD971F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,551,1536,1562]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB0FFE5FF75F99CD971F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,551,1536,1562]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FF00F99CD971F9E7" authority="Duponchel, 1845" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Choi" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[226,551,1536,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB0FFE5FF00F99CDA19F9E7" bold="true" box="[226,335,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cidariini</emphasis>
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Duponchel, 1845
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB0FFE5FF75F9BFDA2DF9C6" blockId="22.[151,551,1536,1595]" box="[151,379,1571,1595]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FFB0FFE5FF7DF9BFDA24F9C6" box="[159,370,1571,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,206,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[268,1327,195,1507]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83, Male genitalia of Cidariini and Solitaneini. 78, Male genitalia and aedeagus of Pennithera taigana (Djakonov) (Primorye); 79, male genitalia and aedeagus of Gandaritis pyraliata (Denis & Schiffermüller); 80, male genitalia and aedeagus of Cidaria fulvata (Forster); 81, male genitalia and aedeagus of Solitanea mariae (Stauder) (Italy); 82, male genitalia and aedeagus of Brabirodes cerevia Druce (Nicaragua); 83, male genitalia and aedeagus of Colostygia kitschelti (Rebel) (Switzerland)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279497/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 78–80, 82–83</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB0FFE5FF75F9F7D859F8A6" blockId="22.[151,1436,1643,1995]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB0FFE5FF75F9F7DA78F97E" author="Pierce" box="[151,302,1643,1667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. Liverpool, 90 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1914">Pierce (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the genera, now placed in the tribes
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FCDFF9F7D8F6F97E" box="[829,928,1643,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FC3AF9F7DF2EF97E" box="[984,1144,1643,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hydriomenini">Hydriomenini</taxonomicName>
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, together, listing the common characters as follows: “a rather compact group, composed of a few closely allied genera. The large simple valva, and the extended anellus lobes. Often with clavate scales, … manica finely spined. The signum … small, scobinate”. However, concerning the first included genus,
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FCA9F944DF0AF912" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[843,1116,1751,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lampropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB0FFE5FCA9F944D8BFF912" box="[843,1001,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lampropteryx</emphasis>
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Stephens
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</taxonomicName>
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, it is added that there is a “hinge” between the ninth and the tenth segments (i.e. between tegumen and uncus), and Pierce described the labides attached to the point of connection of transtilla and tegumen. Labides of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FBC6F8BCDE78F8CA" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[1060,1326,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lampropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB0FFE5FBC6F8BCDF94F8CA" box="[1060,1218,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lampropteryx</emphasis>
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Stephens
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FA87F883DA42F8A6" authority="Bruand" authorityName="Bruand" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nebula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB0FFE5FA87F883DBEDF8A6" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nebula</emphasis>
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Bruand
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</taxonomicName>
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have labides bipartite, with a hinge between.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB0FFE5FF25F8F6DF57F837" blockId="22.[151,1436,1643,1995]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Pierce separated the subfamily Therinae for the species with ”costa well developed, sacculus extended, aedeagus ctenoid at orifice and anellus lobes strong, with spatulate scales.”
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB0FFE5FC44F813DF15F85A" author="Forbes" box="[934,1091,1935,1959]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Forbes, W. T. M. (1948) Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, 2. Memoirs Cornell University Agriculture Experimental Station, 274, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1948">Forbes (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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has collected an over-heterogenous assemblage of genera under his equivalent of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB0FFE5FD3DF82ED8A8F837" authority="(Hydriomenini)" baseAuthorityName="Hydriomenini" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[735,1022,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini (Hydriomenini)</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0E8082FCFFB1FFE4FF75FA6DDE7EF99E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279497/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[291,1305,206,1488]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB1FFE4FF75FA6DDE7EF99E" blockId="23.[151,1436,1521,1635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FF75FA6DDA1BF9FB" bold="true" box="[151,333,1521,1544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURES 78–83</emphasis>
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, Male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FDEAFA6DD936F9FA" box="[520,608,1521,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FD6DFA6DD9ABF9FA" box="[655,765,1521,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Solitaneini">Solitaneini</taxonomicName>
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. 78, Male genitalia and aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FB86FA6DDA51F9DB" authority="(Djakonov) (Primorye)" authorityName="(Djakonov) (Primorye" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pennithera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taigana">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FB86FA6DDE72F9FA" box="[1124,1316,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pennithera taigana</emphasis>
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(Djakonov) (Primorye)
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</taxonomicName>
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; 79, male genitalia and aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FD8FF98CDF6AF9DB" authority="Denis & Schiffermuller" authorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" box="[621,1084,1552,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gandaritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyraliata">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FD8FF98CD86FF9DB" box="[621,825,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gandaritis pyraliata</emphasis>
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(Denis & Schiffermüller)
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</taxonomicName>
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; 80, male genitalia and aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FF75F9B3DADBF9B8" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[151,397,1583,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cidaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvata">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FF75F9B3DA78F9B8" box="[151,302,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cidaria fulvata</emphasis>
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(Forster)
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</taxonomicName>
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; 81, male genitalia and aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FD0DF9B3DF68F9B9" authority="(Stauder) (Italy)" authorityName="Stauder" baseAuthorityName="Stauder" box="[751,1086,1582,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Solitanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariae">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FD0DF9B3D8CEF9B8" box="[751,920,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Solitanea mariae</emphasis>
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(Stauder) (Italy)
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</taxonomicName>
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; 82, male genitalia and aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FF75F9D1D943F99E" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[151,533,1613,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Brabirodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerevia">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FF75F9D1DA05F99E" box="[151,339,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brabirodes cerevia</emphasis>
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Druce (Nicaragua)
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</taxonomicName>
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; 83, male genitalia and aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FC98F9D1DE72F99E" authority="(Rebel) (Switzerland)" authorityName="Rebel" baseAuthorityName="Rebel" box="[890,1316,1613,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Colostygia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kitschelti">
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FC98F9D1DF12F99E" box="[890,1092,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colostygia kitschelti</emphasis>
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(Rebel) (Switzerland)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB1FFE4FF25F913D957F8A1" blockId="23.[151,1436,1679,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB1FFE4FF25F913DAD4F95A" box="[199,386,1679,1703]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Choi, S. W. (1997) Systematics of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae), Helsinki, 178 pp." type="book">Choi (e.g. 1997)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB1FFE4FE6CF913D98BF95A" author="Viidalepp" box="[398,733,1679,1703]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Viidalepp, J. & Kostjuk, I. (2005) Pljushtshia prima, new moth genus and species from Tadjikistan (Lepidoptera: Geo, etridae). European Journal of Entomology, 103, 77 - 85." type="journal article" year="2005">Viidalepp and Kostjuk (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB1FFE4FCF6F913D885F95A" author="Viidalepp" box="[788,979,1679,1703]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Viidalepp, J. (2003) Three different problems with " Thera " firmata (Hubner, [1822]). XXVI Nordic-Baltic Congress of Entomology, Skalupes, Latvia, July 6 th to 13 th, 2003. Programme, Abstracts and list of participants, 30 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003">Viidalepp (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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have analyzed different sets of cidariine genera using cladistic methodology.
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB1FFE4FDCCF928D9E3F931" author="Choi" box="[558,693,1716,1740]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Choi, S. W. (1997) Systematics of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae), Helsinki, 178 pp." type="book" year="1997">Choi (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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found seven strict synapomorphic characters to support the monophyly of the tribe: bulged postmedial line of the forewing; long male eighth abdominal segment; oblong or posteriorly broad male eighth sternite; absence of calcar; membranous female eighth tergite; ostium with sclerotized short cingulum, which is open dorsally; SV4 seta of larval third abdominal segment outside the L1–SV1 line; moderate and rounded paraprocts in larva.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB1FFE4FF25F8FBDF7EF859" blockId="23.[151,1436,1679,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
Choi (2007) found four characters discriminating
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||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FD11F8F4D8F3F882" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[755,933,1895,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFB1FFE4FD11F8F4D860F87D" box="[755,822,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Thera</emphasis>
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Stephens
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</taxonomicName>
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: valve costa with medial projection; cucullus large; cornuti, a few in number, arranged corona-like around the aedeagus mouth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A40D274FFB1FFEBFF25F82CD9F1FE09" blockId="23.[151,1436,1679,2028]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,895]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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He paid attention to characters of anellus and relations of tegumen and vinculum in male genitalia, and synonymized Therini Pierce with
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFB1FFE4FE31F848D96FF811" box="[467,569,2004,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFB1FFE4FDA4F848D8C0F811" author="Viidalepp" box="[582,918,2004,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Viidalepp, J. & Kostjuk, I. (2005) Pljushtshia prima, new moth genus and species from Tadjikistan (Lepidoptera: Geo, etridae). European Journal of Entomology, 103, 77 - 85." type="journal article" year="2005">Viidalepp and Kostjuk (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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analyzed a case of character reduction on the cidariine background. Retrograde evolution of morphological characters, if occurs, then in several sections of a group, and will be ignored by cladistic methodology. Another case study of the Mediterranean genus
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<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFAC0FF20DECAFF29" box="[1314,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Protothera</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFBEFFEBFF7CFF43DA19FF0A" author="Viidalepp" box="[158,335,223,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Viidalepp, J. (2003) Three different problems with " Thera " firmata (Hubner, [1822]). XXVI Nordic-Baltic Congress of Entomology, Skalupes, Latvia, July 6 th to 13 th, 2003. Programme, Abstracts and list of participants, 30 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003">Viidalepp 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) demonstrated how essential it is to include more than one representative species of each group into a matrix for cladistic analysis to be sure that their synapomorphic traits will be revealed. These studies revealed the presence of four main clades within Holarctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFCD1FEBBD8CFFEC2" box="[819,921,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterized by synapomorphic traits: conifer-feeding genera with male genital capsule well sclerotized and valva a plate ,,with sacculus tip projecting scelerotized” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFEE1FEECDAE4FE7A" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[259,434,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFEE1FEECDA10FE75" box="[259,326,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thera</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allies); presence of specialized thick setae (hamuli) on labides (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFB5DFEECDE3DFE7A" authority="Bruand" authorityName="Bruand" box="[1215,1387,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nebula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFB5DFEECDE46FE75" box="[1215,1296,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nebula</emphasis>
|
||
Bruand
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allies); valva with a subcostal furrow on inner side, between costa and valvula, associated with vestiture on medial wall of valva long and springing from ring-like ornamentation; thick vestiture to labides, consisting of clavate hairscales, associated with long palpi in moths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A40D274FFBEFFEBFF25FE63D965FDC1" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The variation of putative cidariine genera in Neotropical fauna (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFC21FD9CDFB0FDEA" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[963,1254,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Brabirodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerevia">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFC21FD9CDFC1FDE5" box="[963,1175,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brabirodes cerevia</emphasis>
|
||
Druce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FFBEFFEBFB13FE63DE17FDEA" box="[1265,1345,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 83" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,206,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[268,1327,195,1507]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 83, Male genitalia of Cidariini and Solitaneini. 78, Male genitalia and aedeagus of Pennithera taigana (Djakonov) (Primorye); 79, male genitalia and aedeagus of Gandaritis pyraliata (Denis & Schiffermüller); 80, male genitalia and aedeagus of Cidaria fulvata (Forster); 81, male genitalia and aedeagus of Solitanea mariae (Stauder) (Italy); 82, male genitalia and aedeagus of Brabirodes cerevia Druce (Nicaragua); 83, male genitalia and aedeagus of Colostygia kitschelti (Rebel) (Switzerland)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
) is considerably larger than in boreal fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A40D274FFBEFFEBFF25FDDBD8D5FD79" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Scarce data on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFE9BFDD5DA8DFD9D" box="[377,475,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Erateina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFE9BFDD5DA8DFD9D" box="[377,475,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Erateina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate a kind of similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFCAFFDDBD8E7FDA2" box="[845,945,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also discussion under Eratenini). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFF3DFDF1DAFDFD79" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[223,427,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hagnagora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFF3DFDF1DA36FD79" box="[223,352,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hagnagora</emphasis>
|
||
Druce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has some similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFD23FDF0D873FD79" box="[705,805,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cidariini">Cidariini</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A40D274FFBEFFEBFF25FD0CDF97FCA1" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFBEFFEBFEDEFD13D96AFD5A" box="[316,572,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Sihvonen, P., Mutanen, M, Kaila, L., Brehm, G., Hausmann, A., Staude H. S. (2011) Compherensive Molecular Sampling Yields a Robust Phylogeny for Geometrid Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE, 6, 1 - 11." type="journal article">
|
||
Sihvonen
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFE4DFD0DDABFFD55" box="[431,489,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFD41FD0DD872FD55" box="[675,804,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hagnagora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFD41FD0DD872FD55" box="[675,804,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hagnagora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clustered with
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFC34FD0CDF3CFD55" box="[982,1130,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFC34FD0CDF30FD55" box="[982,1126,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hydriomena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydriomena</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This may be correct as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFA63FD0DDA17FD31" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hydriomena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFA63FD0DDB89FD31" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
Philippi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more setae on proleg of mature larva than typical to cidariine larvae studied (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFBEFFEBFB1CFD28DB87FD12" author="King" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="King, G. E. & Parra, L. E. (2011) Contribution to an understanding of the biology and the morphology of the early stages of a Neotropical larentiine: Hagnagora vittata Philippi, 1859 in Chile (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 54 B, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2011">King & Parra 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFBEFFEBFF3FFD4BDAD9FD12" author="Viidalepp" box="[221,399,727,751]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Viidalepp, J. (2006) Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Larentiinae. Spixiana, 29, 202 - 203." type="journal article" year="2006">Viidalepp 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFE40FD45D9B9FD12" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[418,751,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hagnagora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clustimena">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFE40FD45D9F2FD0D" box="[418,676,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hagnagora clustimena</emphasis>
|
||
Druce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FFBEFFEBFD1DFD4BD8CAFD12" box="[767,924,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 149 – 152" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1130,1153]" captionTargetBox="[283,1307,203,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[264,1323,193,1109]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 149 – 152, Male and female genitalia, ansa and posterior abdominal segments of Hagnagora Druce. 149, Male genitalia and aedeagus of Hagnagora clustimena (Druce) (Bolivia); 150, posterior abdominal segments of H. clustimena (Druce) (Bolivia); 151, female genitalia of H. ephestris (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Bolivia); 152, ansa of H. ephestris (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Bolivia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279510/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 149, 150</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a solid male genital armature with putative clusters of androconian hairscales at uncus base and bases of valvae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFC2EFD61DE0DFCE9" authority="Felder and Rogenhofer" authorityName="Felder and Rogenhofer" box="[972,1371,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hagnagora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFC2EFD61DF05FCE9" box="[972,1107,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. ephestris</emphasis>
|
||
Felder and Rogenhofer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FFBEFFEBFA88FD60DBACFCCA" captionStart="FIGURES 149 – 152" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1130,1153]" captionTargetBox="[283,1307,203,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[264,1323,193,1109]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 149 – 152, Male and female genitalia, ansa and posterior abdominal segments of Hagnagora Druce. 149, Male genitalia and aedeagus of Hagnagora clustimena (Druce) (Bolivia); 150, posterior abdominal segments of H. clustimena (Druce) (Bolivia); 151, female genitalia of H. ephestris (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Bolivia); 152, ansa of H. ephestris (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Bolivia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279510/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 151, 152</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a pyriform bursa with well defined cingulum and with two longitudinal bands of flat signa.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FFBEFFEBFF75FCD8DA28FCA1" author="King" box="[151,382,836,860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="King, G. E. & Parra, L. E. (2011) Contribution to an understanding of the biology and the morphology of the early stages of a Neotropical larentiine: Hagnagora vittata Philippi, 1859 in Chile (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 54 B, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2011">King & Parra (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the biology and larval characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FFBEFFEBFC68FCD9DF97FCA1" authority="Philippi." authorityName="Philippi." box="[906,1217,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hagnagora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="688B0E66FFBEFFEBFC68FCD9DF0CFCA1" box="[906,1114,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hagnagora vittata</emphasis>
|
||
Philippi.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12E581FFFFBEFFEBFF25FCFBD909FC82" box="[199,607,871,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A40D274FFBEFFEBFF25FCFBD909FC82" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,895]" box="[199,607,871,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution: Neotropical, Holarctic.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |