247 lines
30 KiB
XML
247 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="4F8AA9937409D76EBDAB5AD9D12D004A" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dbc012d5-f8e0-4521-b17e-3c442d1f22bf" ModsDocID="z01328p051" checkinTime="1247131841672" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Prosanta Chakrabarty, Ronald G. Oldfield & Heok Hee Ng" docDate="2006" docId="9EA7D965D4D6443E7B332AC161494D07" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Chakrabarty_Oldfield_Ng_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1328" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6FBEE4D1-B92B-48DE-9EBB-66F3BEB91F7B" docTitle="Nandus prolixus Chakrabarty, Oldfield & Ng, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="A84EABF72A42C851740338171B28D042" masterDocTitle="Nandus prolixus, a new species of leaf fish from northeastern Borneo (Teleostei: Perciformes: Nandidae)." masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1701314485151" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3DE6988926566326FC4D667A7BEB293">
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<mods:title id="EE513CED6FD7D9B0AE80EFA5C9D2E3D2">Nandus prolixus, a new species of leaf fish from northeastern Borneo (Teleostei: Perciformes: Nandidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F0B88BC5FE8A06FC3A5DCA3E83CADCF3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="590197C0EAC2C2D1742172F81440FA94">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD27F325BD23F96F40626F5B29645CC0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AAC9103BB999C50CA80B5D6848BE1ECF">Prosanta Chakrabarty</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="41B4D64D33BCDF2B0EE2A8D0D0B56FC1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9D549F6A384546DCF8A9843E3CA1A5FC">Ronald G. Oldfield</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="20E0190E3C1BD9A03C65CEB483D392F9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DE82000189A37161323EB38EF20FCDB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A5A48D5EF017D5611F3FCFD0A573E9DD">Heok Hee Ng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7B4D0C95D9BE4210B26EC7C1E566EDBC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0CDE6F003B10E6D6CFB7E3B8F99938E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="34624DA57FCCB6CAB9E44B0D5EF70E27">
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<mods:date id="0ADD78EA5AE99ECEA2DE404658D8FA45">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="68A8478249CE9EC53D458798094A1B71" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5D91294BCF32E78A1811902B0E42BD4A">1328</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="27D088E504FD1CFC67075084285A723A" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="2D7CF2750BADF5FABF63566DCAA7F0E3">51</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A5E8C52DEEF923F79B3BDEA3A5935EEC">61</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="1CA31C520DC344F7767863A5D8CFDF94">
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<mods:url id="BC0BABDF118C640E206DD64C1ACFD1D6">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6FBEE4D1-B92B-48DE-9EBB-66F3BEB91F7B</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="59A103F207F935C46D669E24CE612713">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="92980DB23F1BCEEFCBBF929DB151A071" type="Plazi-Custom">z01328p051</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E3459B4E1B910DE06053598D89318E7D" type="ZooBank">6FBEE4D1-B92B-48DE-9EBB-66F3BEB91F7B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="9EA7D965D4D6443E7B332AC161494D07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6259361" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6259361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9EA7D965D4D6443E7B332AC161494D07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9EA7D965D4D6443E7B332AC161494D07" lastPageNumber="59" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="291C8A7A1D45AAF8DB053F9F844DEBF0" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="20A27B314A3DECCD373D6EC0D9AD456A" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="F4553EA4226A408E755B2E39422B0279" ID-CoL="45LSQ" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FE20EBFE6038EB355DCABBEDF3AF42D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21AAAA104A7E04F0861D10FCD4A0A4E2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AEAC7EF31C53E9603482DDE0EC95F9A7" pageNumber="52">(Fig. 2)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AD2945290FC0DE603FE699BCC76A34C0" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9F1B66D3899008065B465C507FB2EA59" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="E560D9CC68E5C443BEBCEFBFEBF1B852" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Nandus nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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(non Gray) Inger & Chin, 1962: 164, Fig. 85.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44B54A6C1B0BE69E3EB38C5DE6C9D233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D56DB8AC8248A8A2E2646F6746B6B245" pageNumber="52">
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Type material.
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<materialsCitation id="96F6E8B278B5BFE4529ACD9F6E4280D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923907773" collectingDate="1950-08-03" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="A. M. Anderson" country="Malaysia" location="Km 26, North Road, Sandakan" specimenCode="FMNH 44907" stateProvince="Borneo: Sabah, Sandakan District" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="201447B9F81A4AB1B9B2E2CC9DC70279">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="24EB26662FCE8460EDE71F196FAC1EC3">
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<collectionCode id="CBCB697B11987249FEDCB36328304FBC">FMNH</collectionCode>
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44907
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</specimenCode>
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, 83.4 mm SL;
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<collectingRegion id="09BC11F31E99FA607F6EFD5CC1AD8BC9">Borneo: Sabah, Sandakan District</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="7FD33D797D38147224CB94A0DE6D7A93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9EA7D965D4D6443E7B332AC161494D07:7FD33D797D38147224CB94A0DE6D7A93" name="Km 26, North Road, Sandakan" stateProvince="Borneo: Sabah, Sandakan District">Km 26, North Road, Sandakan</location>
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;
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<collectorName id="92458051A10F070393C5F9A508F4061B">A.M. Anderson</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="B245B9970DE0E0DE75712794EBDC98F6">
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<date id="13A1C2EBFE8EA0342C0C8A036A2B9AA5" day="03" month="08">3 August</date>
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, 1950
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="47259C7CF915B872C1161794C131FB17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="72C1F67C988EE7AEE5C692781CEBDE4D" pageNumber="53">
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<materialsCitation id="207538F2162E8CC11EAC2FD747E5B921" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923907768" collectingDate="1950-08-08" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="R. F. Inger" country="Malaysia" location="26 km NW of Sandakan" specimenCode="FMNH 51964" stateProvince="Borneo: Sabah" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<typeStatus id="DCFD6AF45A51EEFF73A9271A5FA97034">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="1F479A479E8528943D21EA1BB6A849FC">
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<collectionCode id="31A6A45AE997A489E77207374CAFC4F9">FMNH</collectionCode>
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51964
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</specimenCode>
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(6), 47.0-81.3 mm SL;
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<collectingRegion id="15CE81B1EEAB6168C5B2F64586D7A30C">Borneo: Sabah</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="9C9574AB184E69874CB051731007BAF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9EA7D965D4D6443E7B332AC161494D07:9C9574AB184E69874CB051731007BAF7" name="26 km NW of Sandakan" stateProvince="Borneo: Sabah">26 km NW of Sandakan</location>
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;
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<collectorName id="2A71BCAFC89831F34F3A3B030AE960F7">R.F. Inger</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="E1C2AEBF1744D10814A1F0EEFE72778C">
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<date id="2BDC546C96DD3DA16289CF6F25E47963" day="08" month="08">8 August</date>
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, 1950
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="D9D3F22CE9DB07F8D2F943670D590D5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923907778" collectingDate="1950-08-03" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="A. M. Anderson" country="Malaysia" location="Km 26, North Road, Sandakan" specimenCode="FMNH 117232" stateProvince="Borneo: Sabah, Sandakan District" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<specimenCode id="5612161E30D83D1D0FB06DB1A3D0F5BA">
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<collectionCode id="9FAE10239ABA661FCBBC78572BBD6B85">FMNH</collectionCode>
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117232
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</specimenCode>
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(2), 71.9-76.8 mm SL; data as for holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0881F46C9FE6D3CE9458DEA1B32336EF" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF0B8958B17CA825D20D291BFC2A15FA" lastPageNumber="54" pageNumber="53">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="ED12C1CD65904E599312DE69FF3C4238" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from its only Sundaic southeastern Asian congener,
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<taxonomicName id="3408A4E06968528EF7FDAA126FA926AD" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">N. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
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, in having a longer, more produced snout (25.7-30.6% HL vs. 18.5-26.1; Fig. 3), more lateral-line scales (33-37 vs. 24-34), more scales below the lateral line (12 vs. 10-11), fewer spines in the dorsal fin (XIV vs. XV -XVI), and fewer pectoral fin rays (15-16 vs. 17-19). It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="103AC3EDC2C3CA285BA8FA23EBCD96D9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:973F8595-C239-403A-AAAF-B6C942B79292" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Coius nandus Hamilton 1822:96, 370" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nandus">N. nandus</taxonomicName>
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(from India) in having fewer lateral-line scales (33-37 vs. 42-55), fewer scales above the lateral line (4-5 vs. 6-7), fewer scales below the lateral line (12 vs. 14-18), a greater number of dorsal spines (XIV vs. XII -XIII), and the absence (vs. presence) of a distinct dark spot at the base of the caudal peduncle.
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<taxonomicName id="CBB8A012291FBDC68F6494BFC1B517E0" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="6A0FA00B800145E4C46FE68571520CDF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:382B2A7D-B91D-48C6-866A-4047860DDFB7" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus oxyrhynchus Ng, Vidthayanon & Ng 1996:12" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">N. oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
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(from mainland southeastern Asia) in having a more slender body (body depth 37.6-40.5% SL vs. 41.3-44.1) and a less steeply sloping predorsal profile (Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5B8776FBB4D4B18FBAC0AEC5527D75E" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5859205DB6901AFE149ECF761A813CE7" pageNumber="54">Description. Morphometric data as in Table 1; meristic data as in Table 2. Body compressed, moderately elongate; dorsal profile evenly sloping, with noticeable concavity in interorbital region. Snout profile acute. Mouth moderately large, protrusible. Posterior end of maxilla extending just beyond vertical through middle of orbit. Eye large, diameter about one third of head length, circular. Posterior edge of preopercle with fine serrations. Gill rakers short and club-shaped, bearing sharp apical denticles. Teeth short, unicuspid, closely set and in many irregular rows on both upper and lower jaw.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6BFC87EC85F42BAD4A832CBF22DA2C4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="89A352751AAE602E7F9720BBA2BBF0DE" pageNumber="57">Lateral line divided into two segments, with anterior segment more dorsally located than posterior segment. Upper lateral line beginning at dorsal origin of operculum, rising for distance equivalent to two or three scales rows and reaching greatest height above pectoral fin, thereafter sloping ventrally and ending at vertical through middle of anal-fin base. Lower lateral line beginning at vertical through middle of anal-fin base, vertically centered along length of caudal peduncle, and continuing slightly past end of hypural plate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC2F4CB01132DAC8DA646C1BE53A2CBF" pageNumber="57">Scales ctenoid, imbricate, and nearly uniform in size throughout body. Scales present throughout cheek region, preopercle, opercle, and area around eye, absent along midline of interorbital region. Area around nares and upper lip scaleless. Gular region and ventral region of head immediately adjacent scaleless; sensory pores present in this region. Sheath of scales surrounding proximal regions of dorsal and anal fins, forming ridges along sides of hard rays and attached to soft-fin rays. Caudal fin scaled for about one quarter of length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D94C7E9E46C3B4F6B1424793B5811DC0" pageNumber="57">Dorsal fin with long base, anterior insertion at vertical through posteriormost extent of opercle and posterior insertion at vertical through base of last anal-fin ray. Length of longest dorsal-fin ray reaching slightly beyond vertical through origin of caudal fin. Pectoral-fin insertion anterior to pelvic-fin insertion; pectoral fin shorter than pelvic fin. Pelvic fins reaching urogenital opening, but not reaching origin of anal fin. Longest ray of anal fin reaching vertical through, and rarely beyond, base of caudal fin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0AB6D43EAC6E74739F4BE457EF88B4E" pageNumber="57">Coloration. In 70% ethanol: Light brown color on body, with mottled darker areas randomly distributed over body, but never forming distinct vertical bars. Two dark stripes running from eye: one dorsoposteriorly towards dorsal origin of operculum, and second running posteroventrally and passing under posterior edge of maxilla. All fins except pectoral fins with series of small brown spots forming irregular transverse bars across fin membranes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C9C783F8793F622EB59ED5C4EE4E65F" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="31A470237AEEB32CA34DFF81753A6F05" pageNumber="57">
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Distribution.
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<taxonomicName id="E0D6C740A9705B4D33BD2B323CF52725" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the Sepilok River drainage in northeastern Borneo (Fig. 4). Inger & Chin (1962) also recorded
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<taxonomicName id="15F1BDCB36068258B01034F9A4EF2351" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B512DF5-BEDE-4C4B-8E41-9AEB8DDA4B35" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus Valenciennes 1831:481" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nandus</taxonomicName>
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from the Kinabatangan River drainage to the south, and we surmise that this record may refer to
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<taxonomicName id="1A452A6A466A7D5F13C63692423D0ACF" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">N. prolixus</taxonomicName>
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. However, we were unable to examine this material to confirm its identity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9559C0291DA23C9D1B62ABE9B513D7B5" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C454F2C91584C6136896070059282838" pageNumber="57">
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Habitat and biology. Inger & Chin (1962) collected specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="A12DDA7F4040C1BF4AB74BC01AA1B211" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">N. prolixus</taxonomicName>
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in “very slow moving water of shallow streams in swampy forested areas…ten were collected hiding in dead leaves that covered the bottom.” The area where the fish were collected consisted of: “Short vegetation primary dipterocarp forest. Roots of trees but no other living submerged or emergent vascular plants. Banks steep; 1-2 meters high. Bottom mud with dead leaves and other plant fragments.” Examination by Inger & Chin (1962) of gut contents of three specimens recovered various insect larvae and a single “unidentifiable fish”. These specimens were captured with
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<taxonomicName id="729CB80EBAE6C878C46D74A3987CA914" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:80281BDE-59A9-4F31-A657-E495627D140D" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Nematabramis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nematabramis everetti Boulenger 1894:250" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everetti">Nematabramis everetti</taxonomicName>
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(Cyprinidae),
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<taxonomicName id="7DD5FA47F9FC6676A7ADA147FD8629E0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BCEEB5A9-FCF7-4BF8-AEA2-38553E92ED8D" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Leptobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptobarbus melanotaenia Boulenger 1894:249" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">Leptobarbus melanotaenia</taxonomicName>
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(Cyprinidae),
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<taxonomicName id="D2FAE5F1990C0272E0F64FE938C9F9B8" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Systomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sealei">Systomus sealei</taxonomicName>
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(Cyprinidae),
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<taxonomicName id="6D64410F76411A724AD422BD7E902C7F" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Systomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">S. binotatus</taxonomicName>
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(Cyprinidae),
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<taxonomicName id="209CA29222FB873BA29FF22C3ADB81D7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:36645A5A-6B85-4BC9-8C64-9F5147CD7BE1" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hampala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823:132" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolepidota">Hampala macrolepidota</taxonomicName>
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(Cyprinidae),
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<taxonomicName id="0B2A4764F278B75B77882CFCDE668A67" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyclocheilichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repasson">Cyclocheilichthys repasson</taxonomicName>
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|
(Cyprinidae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="88178DDF2F7012E82CE5C7512F2DE645" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Osteochilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">Osteochilus microcephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Cyprinidae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D84478AB41C0F8D268C0399B05742D7A" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Nemacheilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">Nemacheilus olivaceus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Balitoridae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC76D9F2CD1606E887AD50689E5853BB" family="Cobitidae" genus="Pangio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariarum">Pangio mariarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Cobitidae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79300809119C9D75EEDFCE11ECDE9839" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acantopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="choirorhynchus">Acantopsis choirorhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Cobitidae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FD4E3C7117B3CF89558D1F55928A5299" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AF7416ED-06A6-49BE-B271-0A3ABFEEFDAD" family="Siluridae" genus="Ompok" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ompok sabanus Inger & Chin 1959:282" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabanus">Ompok sabanus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Siluridae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2461FE436FA430E25E88A3D368762E10" family="Bagridae" genus="Hemibagrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemurus">Hemibagrus nemurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Bagridae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDD238F98E6032781B274B69C1F4A3A4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E901C24A-9D08-453B-8C64-E261B85186AA" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker 1851:430" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leiacanthus">Clarias leiacanthus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Clariidae),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C1CBE0A1103BFEB4506D897AD1AAC492" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Dermogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Dermogenys pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Hemiramphidae), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9CDF44746AB606429776DF0EDA3DA5CF" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melasoma">Channa melasoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Channidae).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3B7A70CDD63EAE8CB2257CE41377FDBD" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="1E1241867901D2D9AD1FBE5E6CF6C4F5" pageNumber="58">
|
|
Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin prolixus, meaning stretched out, in reference to the relatively elongate head of this species when compared to its Sundaic congener (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F2205BA1BB6090DA7FC7E56975CEB3C" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">N. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Used as an adjective.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="13DDD5E8F174DB135CC986D0FD0871A0" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="B0B3FD803B8B65E2BFC49C9B934B7AAB" pageNumber="58">Discussion</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4A9218CCD25A0F2F5067E7CFAD2921CB" pageNumber="58">
|
|
The four discrete shape groups recovered in the PCA analysis supports the hypothesis that there are four
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0DE9C843DC3642BDF4A9BA2C38992AD3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B512DF5-BEDE-4C4B-8E41-9AEB8DDA4B35" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus Valenciennes 1831:481" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nandus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. The Principal Component Analysis reveals that each
|
|
<taxonomicName id="84781A3F3B4768547790F4660F4DDAA2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B512DF5-BEDE-4C4B-8E41-9AEB8DDA4B35" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus Valenciennes 1831:481" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nandus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species groups separately on a plot of Principal component 1 versus PC2 (Fig. 5). Principal component 1 explains 29% of the variation among specimens; PC2 explains 22%, and PC3 explains 11%. Despite forming a discrete group on PC1 vs. PC2,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02DD0C147B74835B04008B4D43F789F3" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
overlaps with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6E1C38D494B2D1534CFEDDD951BC346" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:382B2A7D-B91D-48C6-866A-4047860DDFB7" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus oxyrhynchus Ng, Vidthayanon & Ng 1996:12" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">N. oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF9961D0BAF5DA85931E4D316E5CFCFD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:973F8595-C239-403A-AAAF-B6C942B79292" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Coius nandus Hamilton 1822:96, 370" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nandus">N.nandus</taxonomicName>
|
|
on the PC1 and the PC2 axis. There is no overlap between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F836909FF4249EF39BF6075A2157408C" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EAB2B04EE10DC14A625B61B3EFA4FDB" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">N. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
on either PC1 or PC2.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FF0CA25F6C6F90DD416BA2863A5F19C2" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">Nandus prolixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
also forms a distinct group separate from the other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6CB500D3687637EFE7D99E81BE328EAF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B512DF5-BEDE-4C4B-8E41-9AEB8DDA4B35" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus Valenciennes 1831:481" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nandus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species on plots of PC2 vs. PC3, and PC1 vs. PC3 (not shown). Principal component 1 explains much of the variation in mouth size, eye size and body length among specimens. Principle component 2 explains much of the variation in body depth, caudal peduncle depth, preopercular height, and the slope of the head among specimens.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1236AA1D7ADC66B41A83852C5D932670" pageNumber="59">
|
|
Given the proximity of the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="20FE3BCF0DE19E114270E32E8983A818" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33C2A900-3C2C-4275-BA07-AA15D71E9191" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus borneensis Steindachner 1901:422" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">Nandus borneensis Steindachner, 1901</taxonomicName>
|
|
(considered a junior subjective synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="89D52DEA605DFDCCEECC87DFF3CE0519" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">N. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Ng et al., 1996) to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="770814E3A2CACB8949650063C87E586F" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">N. prolixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(both are in northern Borneo), a further discussion of the distinctiveness of the two species is necessary. Ng et al. (1996) considered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="016DA602B75CFE71DA633D9966D25AFF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33C2A900-3C2C-4275-BA07-AA15D71E9191" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus borneensis Steindachner 1901:422" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">N. borneensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="591DDF325E16407CF44BE5FA82B6DE0E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:973F8595-C239-403A-AAAF-B6C942B79292" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Coius nandus Hamilton 1822:96, 370" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nandus">N. nandus</taxonomicName>
|
|
as conspecific because, apart from a slightly lower number of total lateral line scales (24-30 vs. 29-34) in near-topotypic material (from the Baram River) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAF6F329D5E816626144145BD7C11CE4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33C2A900-3C2C-4275-BA07-AA15D71E9191" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus borneensis Steindachner 1901:422" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">N. borneensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, no other distinct differences could be found between populations ascribed to the two nominal species. In any case, the total number of lateral line scales in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CBE5DAF93BCD1F282A9F8489D6B6F68F" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">N. prolixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(33-37) is always higher than that reported in either the original description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2ECAE0C30EE9C5B93A06ED5F68A60CA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33C2A900-3C2C-4275-BA07-AA15D71E9191" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus borneensis Steindachner 1901:422" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">N. borneensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(27-29), or in near-topotypic material (24-30). We therefore follow Ng et al. (1996) in treating
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8AF5217190C9B3E5A095938091EDA50E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33C2A900-3C2C-4275-BA07-AA15D71E9191" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nandus borneensis Steindachner 1901:422" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">N. borneensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4563CFA740611C91C32737047A5A38BA" family="Nandidae" genus="Nandus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">N. nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
as conspecific.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="566629B15F69262884F3104EA9A6416E" pageNumber="59">The freshwater ichthyofauna of northeastern Borneo (Sabah) is different from those of neighboring areas on the Sunda Shelf, with a considerable number of species endemic to this region (Inger & Chin, 1962). It is hypothesized that this high level of endemism is most likely the result of vicariant speciation due to the isolation of the river drainages in northeastern Borneo from the other major southeast Asian river drainages (Ng, 2004). This isolation may have occurred sometime during the late Oligocene (ca. 25 million years ago) as a result of the orogenesis of the central Bornean highlands, which formed a regional drainage divide between drainages to the north and east and those to the south and west (Hall, 1998).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |