758 lines
99 KiB
XML
758 lines
99 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DC5E9DED0152FC95100A5A13BF672441">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E11B2920CDA17E1D3B5941C77C20F5D7">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9CE103EBA24E37976B724923AEC2F91F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7566131DDBB47E33AB37B02FB61813C7">
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<mods:date id="158B1E1FEF9AC071C627424F9676070C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF4EE8F93B89F0D4D449ACEA8361FE52">2019-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B21209D0F950481E32A7EB2F21651C78">4689</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A558D3A9F7542C07710D869EEE537B7B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9E4CE23AFFDBF159FF036597FB4C2CCC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159843461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFDBF159FF036597FB4C2CCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E4CE23AFFDBF159FF036597FB4C2CCC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDBF157FF036597FDB72B88" box="[151,587,1493,1520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFDBF157FF036597FDB72B88" blockId="23.[151,587,1493,1555]" box="[151,587,1493,1520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="4D12E440FFDBF157FF036597FDB72B88" bold="true" box="[151,587,1493,1520]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDBF157FF036597FDB72B88" ID-CoL="3BZHY" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,587,1493,1520]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FF036597FDB72B88" bold="true" box="[151,587,1493,1520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FF036597FE582B97" bold="true" box="[151,420,1493,1520]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FE3F6597FDB72B88" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[427,587,1493,1519]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDBF157FF0365BBFEDF2874" box="[151,291,1528,1555]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFDBF157FF0365BBFEDF2874" blockId="23.[151,587,1493,1555]" box="[151,291,1528,1555]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFDBF157FF0365BBFEF42874" box="[151,264,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1719,1744]" captionTargetBox="[296,1301,167,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[281,1305,166,1699]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 2. a, Bimeria humilis: colony with two hydranths, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4330. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Bougainvillia rugosa: part of colony with hydranth and medusa bud, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4333. Scale equals 0.2 mm. c, Bougainvillia rugosa: newly liberated medusa from same hydroid, ROMIZ B4333. Scale equals 0.1 mm. d, Bougainvillia rugosa: 3-day-old laboratory-raised medusa from same hydroid, ROMIZ B4333. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Calyptospadix cerulea: part of hydrocaulus with branches, pedicels, hydranths, and a female gonophore, Caloosahatchee River at Fort Myers, ROMIZ B4340. Scale equals 0.3 mm. f, Amphinema sp.: hydranth and pedicel, Captiva Island, ROMIZ B4338. Scale equals 0.2 mm. g, Amphinema sp.: hydranth and pedicel, Captiva Island, ROMIZ B4338. h, Eudendrium carneum: hydranth and pedicel, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4343. Scale equals 0.2 mm. i, Eudendrium carneum: part of female colony with encapsulated embryos, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4344. Scale equals 0.4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519055/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 2h, i</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFDBF157FE8165BAFEDF2874" box="[277,291,1528,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1207,1232]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,703,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,697,1187]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eudendrium carneum: nematocysts of hydranth, ROMIZ B4343. a, microbasic heterotrichous eurytele. b, heterotrichous anisorhiza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519061/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDBF157FF03667FFCE02813" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFDBF157FF03667FFCE02813" blockId="23.[151,1436,1597,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFDBF157FF03667FFCE02813" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDBF157FF03667FFDC92832" ID-CoL="3BZHY" authority="Clarke, 1882: 137" authorityName="Clarke" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,565,1597,1622]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FF03667FFE892832" box="[151,373,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDBF157FEEF667FFDC92832" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[379,565,1597,1622]" page="137" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1882">
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FEEF667FFDC92832" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[379,565,1597,1622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882: 137</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 7, figs. 10–17.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDBF157FC9E667FFC2E2831" author="Wallace, W. S." box="[778,978,1597,1622]" page="137" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1909">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FC9E667FFC2E2831" author="Wallace, W. S." box="[778,978,1597,1622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref153718" refString="Wallace, W. S. (1909) A collection of hydroids made at the Tortugas, during May, June, and July, 1908. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Year Book, 7, 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1909">Wallace, 1909: 137</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDBF157FC65667FFB652832" author="Menzel, R. W." box="[1009,1177,1597,1622]" page="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FC65667FFB652832" author="Menzel, R. W." box="[1009,1177,1597,1622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref142179" refString="Menzel, R. W. (Ed.) (1956) Annotated check-list of the marine fauna and flora of the St. George's Sound - Apalachee Bay region, Florida Gulf coast. Florida State University Oceanographic Institute Contributions, 61, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1956">Menzel, 1956: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDBF157FB2C667FFAA02832" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[1208,1372,1597,1622]" page="33" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1961">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FB2C667FFAA02832" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[1208,1372,1597,1622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce, 1961: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 4, figs. 1–4.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDBF157FEA86619FE202813" author="Shier, C. F." box="[316,476,1627,1652]" page="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FEA86619FE202813" author="Shier, C. F." box="[316,476,1627,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier, 1965: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 7.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDBF157FDA56619FCE42813" author="Philp, R. B. & Leung, F. Y. & Bradley, C." box="[561,792,1627,1652]" page="222" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FDA56619FCE42813" author="Philp, R. B. & Leung, F. Y. & Bradley, C." box="[561,792,1627,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="218 - 223" refId="ref146401" refString="Philp, R. B., Leung, F. Y. & Bradley, C. (2003) A comparison of the metal content of some benthic species from coastal waters of the Florida panhandle using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44, 218 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00244 - 002 - 2028 - z" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Philp
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FDFB661FFD602813" box="[623,668,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2003: 222
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDBF157FF0366E1FD71292B" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDBF157FF0366E1FBFF28DB" blockId="23.[151,1436,1697,2013]" box="[151,1027,1697,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFDBF157FF0366E1FBFC28DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643708" box="[151,1024,1697,1725]" country="United States of America" location="Fort Wool" municipality="Hampton Roads" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FF0366E1FECA28DB" bold="true" box="[151,310,1697,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFDBF157FF0366E1FF2E28DA" box="[151,210,1699,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFDBF157FEA866E0FE8428DB" box="[316,376,1698,1724]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFDBF157FE1766E0FE1D28DB" box="[387,481,1698,1724]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Virginia</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="F63EC956FFDBF157FE7866E1FD5828DB" box="[492,676,1698,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hampton Roads</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location id="133A05F7FFDBF157FD3B66E1FCDC28DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFDBF159FF036597FB4C2CCC:133A05F7FFDBF157FD3B66E1FCDC28DB" box="[687,800,1698,1725]" country="United States of America" municipality="Hampton Roads" name="Fort Wool" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Virginia">Fort Wool</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FCBB66E0FC0B28DB" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[815,1015,1698,1724]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke 1882: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDBF157FF536687FD71292B" blockId="23.[151,1436,1697,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FF536687FE4D2887" bold="true" box="[199,433,1733,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Sanibel Island, beach at Lighthouse Point, detached and stranded on shore,
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<date id="625B75ECFFDBF157FA926684FF2E2963" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2017-12-13">13 December 2017</date>
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, one colony,
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||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFDBF157FEF966ABFE492962" box="[365,437,1769,1797]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
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||
high, without gonophores, coll. D. Calder,
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||
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFDBF157FC3A66A8FBF42963" box="[942,1032,1770,1796]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
B4343.
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||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FBF766ABFACF2962" bold="true" box="[1123,1331,1769,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">—Sanibel Island,</emphasis>
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beach at Lighthouse Point, detached and stranded on shore,
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||
<date id="625B75ECFFDBF157FD43674CFC68294F" box="[727,916,1806,1833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2018-01-29">29 January 2018</date>
|
||
, one colony fragment,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFDBF157FB03674FFB33294E" box="[1175,1231,1805,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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||
high, with female gonophores, coll. D. Calder,
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||
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFDBF157FE4E6770FDC8292B" box="[474,564,1842,1868]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
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||
B4344.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDBF159FF536715FB4C2CCC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDBF158FF536715FAAE2F24" blockId="23.[151,1436,1697,2013]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FF536715FEC72916" bold="true" box="[199,315,1879,1905]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDBF157FED56714FDC82917" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[321,564,1878,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
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||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FED56714FDC82917" box="[321,564,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was first described by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FCA06714FC332917" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[820,975,1878,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Hampton Roads,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFDBF157FB406714FACE2917" box="[1236,1330,1878,1904]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFDBF157FAA86714FA8B2917" box="[1340,1399,1878,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
, an important naval and commercial port within Chesapeake Bay. A common component of the fouling community (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FF0367DCFEA629DF" author="McDougall, K. D." box="[151,346,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="321 - 374" refId="ref141778" refString="McDougall, K. D. (1943) Sessile marine invertebrates of Beaufort, North Carolina. A study of settlement, growth, and seasonal fluctuations among pile-dwelling organisms. Ecological Monograph s, 13, 321 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1943225" type="journal article" year="1943">McDougall 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FEF367DCFDDF29DF" author="Sutherland, J. P." box="[359,547,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="859 - 873" refId="ref151287" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1974) Multiple stable points in natural communities. American Naturalist, 108, 859 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 282961" type="journal article" year="1974">Sutherland 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FDBB67DCFD9629DF" author="Sutherland, J. P." box="[559,618,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="257 - 264" refId="ref151322" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1978) Functional roles of Schizoporella and Styela in the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecology, 59, 257 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1936371" type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FDE267DCFD4D29DF" author="Sutherland, J. P." box="[630,689,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="499 - 519" refId="ref151365" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1981) The fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina: a study in stability. American Naturalist, 118, 499 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 283844" type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FD2A67DCFC0529DF" author="Sutherland, J. P. & Karlson, R. H." box="[702,1017,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="425 - 446" refId="ref151407" refString="Sutherland, J. P. & Karlson, R. H. (1977) Development and stability of the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecological Monographs, 47, 425 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1942176" type="journal article" year="1977">Sutherland & Karlson 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FB9267DCFAE429DF" author="Karlson, R. H. & Osman, R. W." box="[1030,1304,1950,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="255 - 268" refId="ref137294" refString="Karlson, R. H. & Osman, R. W. (2012) Species composition and geographic distribution of invertebrates in fouling communities along the east coast of the USA: a regional perspective. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 458, 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 09767" type="journal article" year="2012">Karlson & Osman 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDBF157FAB067DCFF0829BA" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. & Miranda, T. P. & Araujo, E. M. & Ayon, P. & Cedeno-Posso, C. M. & Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. & Cordova, P. & Cunha, A. F. & Genzano, G. N. & Haddad, M. A. & Mianzan, H. W. & Migotto, A. E. & Miranda, L. S. & Morandini, A. C. & Nagata, R. M. & Nascimento, K. B. & Nogueira Jr., M. & Palma, S. & Quinones, J. & Rodriguez, C. S. & Scarabino, F. & Schiariti, A. & Stampar, S. N. & Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref144877" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDBF157FA1C67DDFF5129BB" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a hydroid having a wide geographic distribution, the species has likely been dispersed, at least in part, by shipping (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FEBD60DBFE3E2ED4" author="Watson, J. E." box="[297,450,152,179]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref153848" refString="Watson, J. E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the western North Atlantic, it has been reported from southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FB2060DBFAAA2ED4" box="[1204,1366,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
to the southern Caribbean Sea (see records below). Previous reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FCFD60FCFC162EB0" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[873,1002,190,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FCFD60FCFC162EB0" box="[873,1002,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. carneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the north of Cape Cod on this coast, such as that by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FEAB60A3FE2A2E9C" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[319,470,225,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Nova Scotia (Misaine Bank E of Cape Canso,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD4F158FB8360A2FB862E9C" box="[1047,1146,224,251]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="45.366665">45°22’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD4F158FB1160A2FAE82E9C" box="[1157,1300,224,251]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-58.729168">58°43’45”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FA8A60A3FA9B2E9C" box="[1310,1383,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="137.0">137 m</quantity>
|
||
), are believed here to have been based on misidentifications given temperature tolerances of the species (Calder 1990).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FF03616BFE772F24" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,395,297,323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FF03616BFE772F24" box="[151,395,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is essentially a warm-temperate to tropical species, unlikely to occur in boreal waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFD4F158FF53610FFB4D2CCC" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
A combination of morphological characters distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FCB0610CFC5E2F00" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[804,930,334,359]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FCB0610CFC5E2F00" box="[804,930,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. carneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its numerous congeners. Hydroids of the species are typically robust and extensively branched, with polysiphonic hydrocauli and polysiphonic or monosiphonic branches. The nematocyst complement comprises small microbasic euryteles (7.9–9.0 μm long x 3.3–3.9 μm wide, un- discharged, n=10, ROMIZ B4343) and large heterotrichous anisorhizas (26.3–29.5 μm long x 10.5–12.7 μm wide, un- discharged, n=10, ROMIZ B4343), the latter arranged in a band around the base of each hydranth as well as occurring on the hypostome and male gonophores. Both male and female gonophores are borne on reduced or aborted hydranths. Those of the male occur on several peduncles, each of which comprises a linear series of up to five chambers; the distalmost chamber is armed with heterotrichous anisorhizas. Most importantly, female gonophores are distinguished in having a bifid spadix that curves over the egg; with development, embryos surrounded by capsules of perisarc appear in clusters along ultimate branchlets. Hydranths and gonophores are reddish to orange in colour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFD4F158FF5362F7FBA52D70" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
A species much like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FE3B62F4FDCC2CA8" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[431,560,694,719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FE3B62F4FDCC2CA8" box="[431,560,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. carneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FDC562F4FD0C2CA8" authorityName="Wedler" authorityYear="2017" box="[593,752,694,719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tayronensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FDC562F4FD0C2CA8" box="[593,752,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. tayronensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recently described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC6162F7FB5F2CA8" author="Wedler, E." box="[1013,1187,693,719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="274 - 276" refId="ref154106" refString="Wedler, E. (2017 a) Eudendrium tayronensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal lagoons on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Zootaxa, 4277 (2), 274 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4277.2.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Wedler (2017a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from a coastal lagoon (Bahía de Chengue) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FE0C629BFDF62C94" box="[408,522,729,755]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. That species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FCA46298FC4C2C94" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[816,944,730,755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FCA46298FC4C2C94" box="[816,944,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. carneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having branched gonophore peduncles in the male and embryos that are completely rather than partially enclosed in the female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFD4F158FF536363FA672D5C" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,1435,801,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Additional details on the hydroid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FDC06360FD2F2D5C" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[596,723,802,827]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FDC06360FD2F2D5C" box="[596,723,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. carneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC546363FBB72D5C" author="Calder, D. R." box="[960,1099,801,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FBC26363FB732D5C" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1110,1167,801,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref127840" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590 (1), 1 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2590.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FB0E6363FB282D5C" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1178,1236,801,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FB746363FA6C2D5C" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1248,1424,801,827]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref149463" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80453" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFD4F158FF536307FDAD2DC0" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FF536307FD122D38" bold="true" box="[199,750,836,863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Reported distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FE706306FD122D38" bold="true" box="[484,750,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gulf coast of Florida.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dry
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FCA56307FC6F2D38" box="[817,915,837,863]" name="Haiti" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC326307FB792D38" author="Wallace, W. S." box="[934,1157,837,863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref153718" refString="Wallace, W. S. (1909) A collection of hydroids made at the Tortugas, during May, June, and July, 1908. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Year Book, 7, 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1909">Wallace 1909: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—St. George Sound— Apalachee Bay region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE36632BFDA92DE3" author="Menzel, R. W." box="[418,597,872,900]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref142179" refString="Menzel, R. W. (Ed.) (1956) Annotated check-list of the marine fauna and flora of the St. George's Sound - Apalachee Bay region, Florida Gulf coast. Florida State University Oceanographic Institute Contributions, 61, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1956">Menzel 1956: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Seahorse Key (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FCB9632BFC262DE4" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[813,986,873,899]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Cape San Blas area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FB67632BFA8D2DE4" author="Shier, C. F." box="[1267,1393,872,899]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).— Dickerson Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FED963CFFDBA2DC0" author="Philp, R. B. & Leung, F. Y. & Bradley, C." box="[333,582,909,935]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="218 - 223" refId="ref146401" refString="Philp, R. B., Leung, F. Y. & Bradley, C. (2003) A comparison of the metal content of some benthic species from coastal waters of the Florida panhandle using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44, 218 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00244 - 002 - 2028 - z" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Philp
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FE0563CCFE3E2DC0" box="[401,450,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003: 222
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFD4F159FF5363F2FB4C2CCC" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,152,683]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FF5363F2FD8C2DAC" bold="true" box="[199,624,944,971]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Elsewhere in western North Atlantic.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FDE363F3FD4F2DAC" box="[631,691,945,971]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FD2963F3FC942DAC" box="[701,872,945,971]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sullivan’s
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FC7E63F3FBD22DAC" box="[1002,1070,945,971]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FBA963F3FADE2DAC" author="McCrady, J." box="[1085,1314,944,971]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref141751" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady 1859: 167</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FADF63F3FEB02D88" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FADF63F3FEB02D88" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FEE36397FE482D88" box="[375,436,981,1007]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FE566397FD932D88" box="[450,623,981,1007]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Charleston (A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FCB96397FBF82D88" author="Agassiz, A." box="[813,1028,980,1007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref122477" refString="Agassiz, A. (1865) Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College. No. II. North American Acalephae. Sever & Francis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 234 pp." type="book" year="1865">Agassiz 1865: 160</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FBA06397FACC2D88" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1076,1328,981,1007]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FBA06397FACC2D88" box="[1076,1328,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FACF6397FA642D88" box="[1371,1432,981,1007]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FF0363BBFF092A74" box="[151,245,1017,1043]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Hampton Roads, Fort Wool (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FDDC63BBFCF22A74" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[584,782,1017,1043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke 1882: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FCAE63BBFC8B2A74" box="[826,887,1017,1043]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: no location given, but in collections of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FAFE63BBFA602A74" box="[1386,1436,1017,1043]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Fish Commission at Woods Hole,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FD8F645FFD412A50" box="[539,701,1053,1079]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FD59645FFC622A5F" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[717,926,1053,1080]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting 1901: 333</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FC5C645FFBCA2A5F" box="[968,1078,1053,1080]" name="Bermuda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: location unspecified (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FAA0645FFF012A3C" author="Congdon, E. D." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref129361" refString="Congdon, E. D. (1906) Notes on the morphology and development of two species of Eudendrium. Biological Bulletin, 11, 27 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535654" type="journal article" year="1906">Congdon 1906: 27</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE9D6403FE822A3C" author="Congdon, E. D." box="[265,382,1089,1115]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="463 - 485" refId="ref129401" refString="Congdon, E. D. (1907) The hydroids of Bermuda. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 42, 463 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20022242" type="journal article" year="1907">1907: 464</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FE3C6403FD5E2A3C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[424,674,1089,1115]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FE3C6403FD5E2A3C" box="[424,674,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD5A6403FCF72A3C" box="[718,779,1089,1115]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC826403FC472A3C" box="[790,955,1089,1115]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Martha’s Vineyard, Vineyard Haven + off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FF036427FEB92A18" box="[151,325,1125,1151]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Naushon Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
+ Gay Head (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE4B6427FD652A18" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[479,665,1125,1151]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="95 - 120" refId="ref135110" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1908) Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Holl. Biological Bulletin, 14, 95 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535721" type="journal article" year="1908">Hargitt 1908: 97</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD506427FCFD2A18" box="[708,769,1125,1151]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC9E6427FC532A18" box="[778,943,1125,1151]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FBC46427FAEC2A18" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1104,1296,1125,1151]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref132755" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912 a) Notes on New England hydroids. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 6 (3), 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser 1912a: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FA8E6427FF382AC4" author="Weill, R." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="351 - 701" refId="ref154250" refString="Weill, R. (1934) Contribution a l'etude des cnidaires et de leurs nematocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidome. Travaux de la Station Zoologique de Wimereux, 11, 351 - 701." type="journal article" year="1934">Weill 1934: 388</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FF7864CBFE192AC4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[236,485,1161,1187]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FF7864CBFE192AC4" box="[236,485,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD8564CBFDB22AC4" box="[529,590,1161,1187]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FDCC64CBFCFF2AC4" box="[600,771,1161,1187]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC2764CBFB812AC4" author="Wilson, H. V." box="[947,1149,1161,1187]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="281 - 338" refId="ref155049" refString="Wilson, H. V. (1911) On the behavior of the dissociated cells in hydroids, Alcyonaria, and Asterias. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 11, 281 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jez. 1400110304" type="journal article" year="1911">Wilson 1911: 282</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FB3364CBFB1F2AC4" box="[1191,1251,1161,1187]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FB7964CBFA642AC4" box="[1261,1432,1161,1187]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Morehead City + Beaufort + Shackleford Banks,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FD5F64EFFCFD2AA0" box="[715,769,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6576" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="ft" value="12.0">12 ft</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FC8664EFFCBC2AA0" box="[786,832,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FCCC64EFFBD62AAF" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[856,1066,1197,1224]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref132794" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912 b) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser 1912b: 349</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FBC764EFFB3C2AAF" box="[1107,1216,1197,1224]" name="Bermuda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FB5964EFFACB2AA0" box="[1229,1335,1197,1223]" country="Bermuda" name="Hamilton" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hamilton</collectingRegion>
|
||
Harbour (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FF0B6493FE8D2A8C" author="Bennitt, R." box="[159,369,1232,1259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="241 - 259" refId="ref124228" refString="Bennitt, R. (1922) Additions to the hydroid fauna of the Bermudas. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 57, 241 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025913" type="journal article" year="1922">Bennitt 1922: 245</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FE0A6493FD652A8C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[414,665,1233,1259]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FE0A6493FD652A8C" box="[414,665,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD516493FCFE2A8C" box="[709,770,1233,1259]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC9B6493FC402A8C" box="[783,956,1233,1259]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FBAF6493FB012A8C" author="Wilson, H. V." box="[1083,1277,1233,1259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="40 - 42" refId="ref155096" refString="Wilson, H. V. (1923) Dedifferentiation in hydroids and ascidians. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 39, 40 - 42." type="journal article" year="1923">Wilson 1923: 40</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FA9F6493FF382B68" author="Pearse, A. S." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="174 - 222" refId="ref145889" refString="Pearse, A. S. (1936) Estuarine animals at Beaufort, North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 52, 174 - 222." type="journal article" year="1936">Pearse 1936: 178</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FF4464B7FE352B68" author="McDougall, K. D." box="[208,457,1269,1295]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="321 - 374" refId="ref141778" refString="McDougall, K. D. (1943) Sessile marine invertebrates of Beaufort, North Carolina. A study of settlement, growth, and seasonal fluctuations among pile-dwelling organisms. Ecological Monograph s, 13, 321 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1943225" type="journal article" year="1943">McDougall 1943: 337</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FE6064B7FDCC2B68" box="[500,560,1269,1295]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FDAF64B7FD1C2B68" box="[571,736,1269,1295]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, off Chatham,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD4F158FC1164B7FC142B68" box="[901,1000,1269,1295]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="41.633335">41°38’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD4F158FC6064B6FBA62B68" box="[1012,1114,1268,1295]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-69.88333">69°53’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 7.5 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FB5364B7FAFD2B68" box="[1223,1281,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
) +
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FAB364B6FA612B68" box="[1319,1437,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.253728" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mi" value="5.75">5.75 miles</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FF34655BFF162B53" box="[160,234,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
) off Chatham Light, 14 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FDBB655BFD962B54" box="[559,618,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
|
||
) + SE of Nantucket, 46 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FC25655BFC102B54" box="[945,1004,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="84.0">84 m</quantity>
|
||
) + between Nantucket and High Duck Islands, 4 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FEA9657FFE942B30" box="[317,360,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
) + Nantucket Sound, 18 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FD25657FFD172B30" box="[689,747,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</quantity>
|
||
) + off Martha’s Vineyard, 396 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FBE1657FFB422B30" box="[1141,1214,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.24" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="724.0">724 m</quantity>
|
||
) + Vineyard Sound, near West Chop Light, 14 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FE7B6523FDD52B1C" box="[495,553,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
|
||
) + off West Falmouth, 7 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FCE06523FC512B1C" box="[884,941,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
|
||
) + off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC6C6523FB5A2B1C" box="[1016,1190,1377,1403]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Naushon Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
+ Buzzards Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FAF86523FEDE2BF8" author="Fraser, C. M." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 65</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FED965C6FE762BF8" box="[333,394,1412,1439]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FE0165C7FDD12BF8" box="[405,557,1413,1439]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Tiverton + Narragansett Bay, off Fort Dumpling, 20 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FB2F65C7FB0B2BF8" box="[1211,1271,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="37.0">37 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FA9965C7FF4F2BA4" author="Fraser, C. M." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 65</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FF4B65EAFEE02BA4" box="[223,284,1448,1475]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FEB165EBFE652BA4" box="[293,409,1449,1475]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FE3765EBFDD02BA4" box="[419,556,1449,1475]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Long Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Greenport (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FD2165EBFC982BA4" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[693,868,1448,1475]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 65</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FC1965EAFBE62BA4" box="[909,1050,1448,1475]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: N of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FBC865EBFB492BA4" box="[1116,1205,1449,1475]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Culebra" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Culebra</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD4F158FA9865EBFA6B2BA4" box="[1292,1431,1449,1475]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="10" value="18.319445">18°19’10”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD4F158FF03658EFEDA2B80" box="[151,294,1484,1511]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-65.327774">65°19’40”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FE07658FFE2C2B80" box="[403,464,1485,1511]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE7D658FFD5C2B80" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[489,672,1484,1511]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 65</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD58658EFCF52B80" box="[716,777,1484,1511]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: North and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC07658FFBBD2B80" box="[915,1089,1485,1511]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, reefs on the continental shelf (Pearse & Willams 1951: 136).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD9865B3FDB5286B" box="[524,585,1521,1548]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FDC765B3FD02286C" box="[595,766,1521,1547]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC3A65B3FB80286C" author="Maturo, F. J. S." box="[942,1148,1520,1547]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="116 - 127" refId="ref141367" refString="Maturo, F. J. S. (1959) Seasonal distribution and settling rates of estuarine Bryozoa. Ecology, 40, 116 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1929929" type="journal article" year="1959">Maturo 1959: 123</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FB1265B3FAC3286C" author="Wells, H. W." box="[1158,1343,1521,1547]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="239 - 266" refId="ref154459" refString="Wells, H. W. (1961) The fauna of oyster beds, with special reference to the salinity factor. Ecological Monographs, 31, 239 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1948554" type="journal article" year="1961">Wells 1961: 246</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FADE65B3FEBC2848" author="Sutherland, J. P." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="859 - 873" refId="ref151287" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1974) Multiple stable points in natural communities. American Naturalist, 108, 859 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 282961" type="journal article" year="1974">Sutherland 1974: 861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FEDF6657FE422848" author="Sutherland, J. P." box="[331,446,1556,1583]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 264" refId="ref151322" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1978) Functional roles of Schizoporella and Styela in the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecology, 59, 257 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1936371" type="journal article" year="1978">1978: 258</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE5D6657FDC02848" author="Sutherland, J. P." box="[457,572,1556,1583]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="499 - 519" refId="ref151365" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1981) The fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina: a study in stability. American Naturalist, 118, 499 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 283844" type="journal article" year="1981">1981: 503</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FDD26657FC4F2848" author="Sutherland, J. P. & Karlson, R. H." box="[582,947,1557,1583]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="425 - 446" refId="ref151407" refString="Sutherland, J. P. & Karlson, R. H. (1977) Development and stability of the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecological Monographs, 47, 425 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1942176" type="journal article" year="1977">Sutherland & Karlson 1977: 427</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC2A6657FB6C2848" author="Karlson, R." box="[958,1168,1557,1583]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="225 - 239" refId="ref137244" refString="Karlson, R. (1978) Predation and space utilization patterns in a marine epifaunal community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 31, 225 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (78) 90060 - 6" type="journal article" year="1978">Karlson 1978: 231</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FB0E6657FF382834" author="Lindquist, N. & Hay, M. E." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="431 - 450" refId="ref139800" refString="Lindquist, N. & Hay, M. E. (1996) Palatability and chemical defense of marine invertebrate larvae. Ecological Monographs, 66, 431 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2963489" type="journal article" year="1996">Lindquist & Hay 1996: 448</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FF5B667BFE272834" author="Schmitt, T. M. & Lindquist, N. & Hay, M. E." box="[207,475,1593,1619]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref149082" refString="Schmitt, T. M., Lindquist, N. & Hay, M. E. (1998) Seaweed secondary metabolites as antifoulants: effects of Dictyota spp. diterpenes on survivorship, settlement, and development of marine invertebrate larvae. Chemoecology, 8, 125 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 000490050017" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Schmitt
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FEB86678FEA02834" box="[300,348,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998: 126
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE72667BFCBC2833" author="Stachowicz, J. J. & Hay, M. E." box="[486,832,1593,1620]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="2085 - 2101" refId="ref150382" refString="Stachowicz, J. J. & Hay, M. E. (1999) Mutualism and coral persistence: the role of herbivore resistance to algal chemical defense. Ecology, 80, 2085 - 2101. https: // doi. org / 10.1890 / 0012 - 9658 (1999) 080 [2085: MACPTR] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="1999">Stachowicz & Hay 1999: 2086</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FCDF667BFC9B2834" bold="true" box="[843,871,1593,1619]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FCF3667BFC5F2834" box="[871,931,1593,1619]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC39667BFBAB2834" box="[941,1111,1593,1619]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Core Banks, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FA86667BFF1E2810" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Aequipecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FA86667BFF1E2810" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Aequipecten gibbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 17–20 ftm (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FEE0661FFE252810" box="[372,473,1629,1655]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="34.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="31.0">31–37 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE64661FFD172810" author="Wells, H. W. & Wells, M. J. & Gray, I. E." box="[496,747,1628,1655]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="561 - 593" refId="ref154501" refString="Wells, H. W., Wells, M. J. & Gray, I. E. (1964) The calico scallop community in North Carolina. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14, 561 - 593." type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Wells
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FDAC661CFD962810" box="[568,618,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1964: 566
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FC81661EFCAD2810" box="[789,849,1628,1655]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FCC8661FFBFE2810" box="[860,1026,1629,1655]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Woods Hole region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FB60661FFF4A28FC" author="Petersen, K. W." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="8 - 20" refId="ref146213" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1964) The sessile Hydrozoa. In: Smith, R. I. (Ed.), Keys to marine invertebrates of the Woods Hole region, Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Contribution Number 11, pp. 8 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1964">Petersen 1964: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FF5666C3FDFE28FB" author="Wyttenbach, C. R. & Crowell, S. & Suddith, R. L." box="[194,514,1665,1692]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="363 - 375" refId="ref155347" refString="Wyttenbach, C. R., Crowell, S. & Suddith, R. L. (1973) Variations in the mode of stolon growth among different genera of colonial hydroids, and their evolutionary implications. Journal of Morphology, 139, 363 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1051390306" type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Wyttenbach
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FEC466C0FE7D28FC" box="[336,385,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1973: 364
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FDBF66C3FD5928FB" box="[555,677,1665,1692]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Puerto Cabello (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FCF366C3FBDB28FC" author="Vervoort, W." box="[871,1063,1665,1691]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref153374" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FBC566C3FB2E28FC" box="[1105,1234,1665,1691]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FB4A66C3FAD528FC" box="[1246,1321,1665,1691]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Limón</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FAAC66C3FF1128A7" author="Vervoort, W." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref153374" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FE8366E7FE7A28A7" box="[279,390,1701,1728]" name="Bermuda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Flatts Bridge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FDAE66E7FCDA28D8" author="Summers, R. G." box="[570,806,1701,1727]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="229 - 241" refId="ref151131" refString="Summers, R. G. (1972) A new model for the structure of the centriolar satellite complex in spermatozoa. Journal of Morphology, 137, 229 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1051370208" type="journal article" year="1972">Summers 1972: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFD4F158FCC366E7FBA828D8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[855,1108,1701,1727]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FCC366E7FBA828D8" box="[855,1108,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eudendrium ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FBC066E6FBA128D8" bold="true" box="[1108,1117,1700,1727]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">)</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FBEA66E7FB1328D8" box="[1150,1263,1701,1727]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FA9466E7FF382884" author="Wedler, E." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="324 - 363" refId="ref153972" refString="Wedler, E. (1975) Okologische Untersuchungen an Hydroiden des Felslitorals von Santa Marta (Kolumbien). Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 27, 324 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611700" type="journal article" year="1975">Wedler 1975: 340</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FF44668BFDFF2884" author="Florez Gonzalez, L." box="[208,515,1737,1763]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="112 - 140" refId="ref132251" refString="Florez Gonzalez, L. (1983) Inventario preliminar de la fauna hydroide de la Bahia de Cartagena y areas adyacentes. Boletin del Museo del Mar, Bogota, 11, 112 - 140." type="journal article" year="1983">Flórez González 1983: 123</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FD9B668BFD252884" author="Criales, M. M." box="[527,729,1737,1763]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="307 - 317" refId="ref130199" refString="Criales, M. M. (1984) Shrimps associated with coelenterates, echinoderms, and molluscs in the Santa Marta region, Colombia. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 4, 307 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1548028" type="journal article" year="1984">Criales 1984: 309</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FD70668BFBED2884" author="Bandel, K. & Wedler, E." box="[740,1041,1736,1763]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref124037" refString="Bandel, K. & Wedler, E. (1987) Hydroid, amphineuran and gastropod zonation in the littoral of the Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 19, 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1987">Bandel & Wedler 1987: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FBA8668AFB852884" box="[1084,1145,1736,1763]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FB10668BFAD32884" box="[1156,1327,1737,1763]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, estuaries across the state (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FEC266AFFD7F2960" author="Calder, D. R. & Hester, B. S." box="[342,643,1773,1799]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref128327" refString="Calder, D. R. & Hester, B. S. (1978) Phylum Cnidaria. In: Zingmark, R. G. (Ed.), An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp. 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1978">Calder & Hester 1978: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD3B66AFFD102960" box="[687,748,1773,1799]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FD6D66AFFC5A2960" box="[761,934,1773,1799]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Bogue Sound (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FBCB66AFFACE2960" author="Bynum, K. H." box="[1119,1330,1773,1799]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="225 - 237" refId="ref126370" refString="Bynum, K. H. (1980) Multivariate assessment of morphological variation in Caprella penantis Leach, 1814 (Amphipoda: Caprellidae). Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 10, 225 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0302 - 3524 (80) 80060 - 0" type="journal article" year="1980">Bynum 1980: 227</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FAC966AFFA652960" box="[1373,1433,1773,1799]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FF036753FF17294C" box="[151,235,1809,1835]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Indian River region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE726753FD38294C" author="Winston, J. E." box="[486,708,1809,1835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="99 - 176" refId="ref155125" refString="Winston, J. E. (1982) Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area (Florida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173, 99 - 176." type="journal article" year="1982">Winston 1982: 164</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FD466753FCBB294C" author="Winston, J. E." box="[722,839,1809,1835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="229 - 239" refId="ref155163" refString="Winston, J. E. (2009) Stability and change in the Indian River area bryozoan fauna over a twenty-four year period. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 38, 229 - 239." type="journal article" year="2009">2009: 232</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FCE56753FC51294C" box="[881,941,1809,1835]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FC2D6753FB9F294C" box="[953,1123,1809,1835]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FB096753FB06294C" box="[1181,1274,1809,1835]" name="Georgia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, inner, middle and outer continental shelf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE5A6777FD2E2928" author="Wenner, E. L. & Hinde, P. & Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F." box="[462,722,1845,1871]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref154596" refString="Wenner, E. L., Hinde, P., Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F. (1984) A temporal and spatial study of invertebrate communities associated with hard-bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 18, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Wenner
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FDBA6774FDA32928" box="[558,607,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984: 20
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 39).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FCB06777FC9D2928" box="[804,865,1845,1871]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FCFF6777FBEA2928" box="[875,1046,1845,1871]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, North Inlet, pilings + Murrells Inlet, jetties + Charleston area + Folly River + Breach Inlet, jetties + Isle of Palms, marina, floating docks + Beaufort area, marinas, floating docks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE7C673FFD0329F0" author="Fox, R. S. & Ruppert, E. E." box="[488,767,1916,1943]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref132584" refString="Fox, R. S. & Ruppert, E. E. (1985) Shallow-water marine benthic macroinvertebrates of South Carolina. Species identification, community composition and symbiotic associations. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, 329 pp." type="book" year="1985">Fox & Ruppert 1985: 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 92, 140, 162, 167, 177, 232).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FBFF673FFB5B29F0" box="[1131,1191,1917,1943]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FB25673FFADE29F0" box="[1201,1314,1917,1943]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, shelf hard bottoms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FE9467E3FE2729DC" author="Putt, R. E. & Gettleson, D. A. & Phillips, N. W." box="[256,475,1952,1979]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="51 - 63" refId="ref147383" refString="Putt, R. E., Gettleson, D. A. & Phillips, N. W. (1986) Fish assemblages and benthic biota associated with natural hard-bottom areas in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Science, 8, 51 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.18785 / negs. 0801.04" type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Putt
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FEA367E0FE9529DC" box="[311,361,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986: 56
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD9167E2FD8E29DC" box="[517,626,1952,1979]" name="Bermuda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: shallow inshore waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FC1A67E3FBE529DB" author="Calder, D. R." box="[910,1049,1953,1980]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="127 - 155" refId="ref127096" refString="Calder, D. R. (1986) Class Hydrozoa. In: Sterrer, W. (Ed.), Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 127 - 155." type="book chapter" year="1986">Calder 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FBD667E3FB2C29DC" box="[1090,1232,1953,1980]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: La Parguera,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FAE667E3FF5129B8" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F158FF286787FE1229B8" author="Wedler, E. & Larson, R." box="[188,494,1989,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="69 - 101" refId="ref154205" refString="Wedler, E. & Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21, 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528609360698" type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler & Larson 1986: 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD4F158FD8D6787FDAA29B8" box="[537,598,1989,2015]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD4F158FDF56787FD2E29B8" box="[609,722,1989,2015]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on coastal petroleum platforms,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD4F158FBDF6787FB5329B8" box="[1099,1199,1989,2015]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12–18 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD4F159FB2A6787FF3E2ED3" author="Lewbel, G. S. & Howard, R. L. & Gallaway, B. J." lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="199 - 224" refId="ref139410" refString="Lewbel, G. S., Howard, R. L. & Gallaway, B. J. (1987) Zonation of dominant fouling organisms on northern Gulf of Mexico petroleum platforms. Marine Environmental Research, 21, 199 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0141 - 1136 (87) 90066 - 3" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Lewbel
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD4F158FA886784FAB229B8" box="[1308,1358,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1987: 214
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FF7E60DBFEA82ED3" box="[234,340,153,180]" name="Bermuda" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FECA60DBFE3A2ED4" box="[350,454,153,179]" country="Bermuda" name="Hamilton" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hamilton</collectingRegion>
|
||
Harbour,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FDA560DAFD932ED4" box="[561,623,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Flatts Inlet,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FC9E60DAFC9F2ED4" box="[778,867,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Castle Harbour, Castle Grotto,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FB5860DBFB092ED4" box="[1228,1269,153,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Ferry Reach,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FF0360FEFF0D2EB0" box="[151,241,188,215]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Somerset Bridge,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FE5A60FFFE0B2EB0" box="[462,503,189,215]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FD9060FFFD482EB0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[516,692,189,215]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988: 43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FD4B60FFFCE72EB0" box="[735,795,189,215]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FCB060FFFC3B2EB0" box="[804,967,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FC6F60FFFBA92EB0" box="[1019,1109,189,215]" name="Georgia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, inner continental shelf, on artificial reefs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FEB160A3FDD72E9C" author="Wendt, P. H. & Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F." box="[293,555,225,251]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1106 - 1122" refId="ref154548" refString="Wendt, P. H., Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F. (1989) Community structure of the biota on five artificial reefs of different ages. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44, 1106 - 1122." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Wendt
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FEE060A0FE5E2E9C" box="[372,418,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989: 1119
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FDC060A3FD732E9C" box="[596,655,225,251]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FD0C60A3FCC22E9C" box="[664,830,225,251]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FC2060A3FB772E9C" author="Walters, L. J." box="[948,1163,225,251]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1101 - 1107" refId="ref153760" refString="Walters, L. J. (1992) Field settlement locations on subtidal marine hard substrata: is active larval exploration involved? Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 1101 - 1107. https: // doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 1992.37.5.1101" type="journal article" year="1992">Walters 1992: 1102</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FB2160A3FB0C2E9C" box="[1205,1264,225,251]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FB6C60A3FA602E9C" box="[1272,1436,225,251]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Lindquist 1996: 435).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FE336146FE1E2F78" box="[423,482,260,287]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FE7F6147FD6E2F78" box="[491,658,261,287]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FC9C6147FC0A2F78" author="Holm, E. R. & Cannon, G. & Roberts, D. & Schmidt, A. R. & Sutherland, J. P. & Rittschof, D." box="[776,1014,261,287]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="189 - 203" refId="ref136191" refString="Holm, E. R., Cannon, G., Roberts, D., Schmidt, A. R., Sutherland, J. P. & Rittschof, D. (1997) The influence of initial surface chemistry on development of the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 215, 189 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0022 - 0981 (97) 00040 - 3" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Holm
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FCDA6144FC802F78" box="[846,892,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997: 192
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FBB46147FBA02F78" box="[1056,1116,261,287]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FBF16147FAF72F78" box="[1125,1291,261,287]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Wrightsville Beach (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FF7D616BFDBD2F24" author="Henrikson, A. A. & Pawlik, J. R." box="[233,577,296,323]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="245 - 255" refId="ref135531" refString="Henrikson, A. A. & Pawlik, J. R. (1998) Seasonal variation in biofouling of gels containing extracts of marine organisms. Biofouling, 12, 245 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08927019809378357" type="journal article" year="1998">Henrikson & Pawlik 1998: 252</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FDFE616AFD282F24" box="[618,724,296,323]" name="Bermuda" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FD73616BFCAD2F24" box="[743,849,297,323]" country="Bermuda" name="Hamilton" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hamilton</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sound” (=Great Sound?) + Gibbons Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FAB4616BFEE62F00" author="Marques, A. C. & Mergner, H. & Hoinghaus, R. & Santos, C. M. D. & Vervoort, W." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="75 - 118" refId="ref140470" refString="Marques, A. C., Mergner, H., Hoinghaus, R., Santos, C. M. D. & Vervoort, W. (2000) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 74, 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FA1C6168FF502F00" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000: 90
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FED0610FFE832F00" box="[324,383,333,359]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FE1D610FFE272F00" box="[393,475,333,359]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Miami, Ragged Keys,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD5F159FD4D610EFCC62F00" box="[729,826,332,359]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="25.783333">25°47’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD5F159FCD1610FFC542F00" box="[837,936,333,359]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-80.183334">80°11’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+ Guard Bridge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD5F159FBF1610EFB3F2F00" box="[1125,1219,332,359]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="25.783333">25°47’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD5F159FB5E610FFAD12F00" box="[1226,1325,333,359]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-80.183334">80°11’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FAAE610FFEC12FEC" author="Marques, A. C. & Mergner, H. & Hoinghaus, R. & Santos, C. M. D. & Vervoort, W." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="75 - 118" refId="ref140470" refString="Marques, A. C., Mergner, H., Hoinghaus, R., Santos, C. M. D. & Vervoort, W. (2000) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 74, 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FF036130FF352FEC" box="[151,201,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000: 91
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FEF36133FE582FEC" box="[359,420,369,395]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FE256133FDF12FEC" box="[433,525,369,395]" name="Georgia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FD8E6133FCF82FEC" box="[538,772,369,395]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">St. Catherines Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
, main dock (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FC0D6133FB612FEC" author="Prezant, R. S. & Toll, R. B. & Rollins, H. B. & Chapman, E. J." box="[921,1181,369,395]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref147155" refString="Prezant, R. S., Toll, R. B., Rollins, H. B. & Chapman, E. J. (2002) Marine macroinvertebrate diversity of St. Catherines Island, Georgia. American Museum Novitates, 3367, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2002) 367 % 3 C 0001: MMDOSC % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Prezant
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FC626130FBD42FEC" box="[1014,1064,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002: 22
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FB516133FAB92FEC" box="[1221,1349,369,395]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FAC76133FA612FEC" box="[1363,1437,369,395]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Limón</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FF0B61D7FE312FD7" author="Kelmo, F. & Vargas, R." box="[159,461,405,432]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="599 - 627" refId="ref137419" refString="Kelmo, F. & Vargas, R. (2002) Anthoathecatae and Leptothecatae hydroids from Costa Rica (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50, 599 - 627." type="journal article" year="2002">Kelmo & Vargas 2002: 602</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FE6261D7FDCD2FD7" box="[502,561,405,432]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FDAF61D7FD712FC8" box="[571,653,405,431]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Biscayne Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FCAF61D7FC122FC8" author="Jones, T." box="[827,1006,405,431]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref137129" refString="Jones, T. (2002) Biology and ecology of athecate hydroids in Biscayne Bay, Florida: potential use as bioindicators. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 287 pp." type="book" year="2002">Jones 2002: 216</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FB9B61D7FB972FC8" box="[1039,1131,405,431]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FBE061D7FB462FC8" box="[1140,1210,405,431]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fort Sherman dock,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FF0361FBFF202FB4" box="[151,220,441,467]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FF6261FBFEC02FB4" box="[246,316,441,467]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, bridge near Fort Sherman,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FDF261FBFD572FB4" box="[614,683,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FD5161FBFC962FB4" box="[709,874,441,467]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Swan’s Key,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FB9561FBFBB92FB4" box="[1025,1093,441,467]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FBF461FBFAF82FB4" box="[1120,1284,441,467]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Bastimentos,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FF03619FFF212F90" box="[151,221,477,503]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FF6D619FFE5C2F90" box="[249,416,477,503]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Drago,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FE69619FFDBF2F90" box="[509,579,477,503]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FDC4619FFC522F9F" author="Calder, D. R. & Kirkendale, L." box="[592,942,476,504]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref128387" refString="Calder, D. R. & Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder & Kirkendale 2005: 479</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FC43619FFBBB2F9F" box="[983,1095,477,504]" name="Honduras" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Utila,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD5F159FB00619FFAF32F90" box="[1172,1295,477,503]" degrees="16.0687" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="5" value="16.0687">16.0687°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFD5F159FA8E619EFA642F90" box="[1306,1432,476,503]" degrees="86.9555" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="5" value="-86.9555">86.9555°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFD5F159FF036243FF2F2C7C" box="[151,211,513,539]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FF706243FE2F2C7C" author="Schuchert, P." box="[228,467,513,539]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref149463" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80453" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FE686243FDCB2C7C" box="[508,567,513,539]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FDD16243FD1A2C7C" box="[581,742,513,539]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, (Martha’s Vineyard), Lagoon Pond Bridge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FB706243FF3F2C58" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref149463" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80453" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FF796267FED42C58" box="[237,296,549,575]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FEA66267FE782C58" box="[306,388,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fort Pierce Inlet, north jetty, intertidal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FCD46267FC0D2C27" author="Calder, D. R." box="[832,1009,549,576]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FB5A6267FA642C58" author="Wedler, E." box="[1230,1432,549,575]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref154158" refString="Wedler, E. (2017 b) Hidroides del Mar Caribe con enfasis en la region de Santa Marta, Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Serie de Publicaciones Generales del INVEMAR # 94, Santa Marta, Colombia, 200 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wedler 2017b: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 14A, B, 15–17, 18A, B).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FD94620BFDA72C03" box="[512,603,585,612]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Alacranes Reef, on algae, buoys, chains, shipwreck (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FB22620BFEC72CEF" author="Mendoza-Becerril, M. A. & Simoes, N. & Genzano, G." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="125 - 142" refId="ref142083" refString="Mendoza-Becerril, M. A., Simoes, N. & Genzano, G. (2018 b) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Alacranes Reef, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 94, 125 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.5343 / bms. 2017.1072" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Mendoza-Becerril
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FA1C6208FF502CE0" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018b: 129
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FEF1622FFE582CEF" box="[357,420,621,648]" name="Cuba" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FE25622FFDFB2CE0" box="[433,519,621,647]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Havana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, coral reef system west of the city (Castellanos
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FBB3622CFBA52CE0" box="[1063,1113,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018: Supplementary Table S2).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFD5F159FF4862D3FEC72CCC" box="[220,315,657,683]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFD5F159FED162D3FE152CCC" box="[325,489,657,683]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
area, Punta Hospital + Swan’s Cay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFD5F159FCEE62D3FB582CCC" author="Miglietta, M. P. & Piraino, S. & Pruski, S. & Alpizar Gonzalez, M. & Castellanos-Iglesias, S. & Jeronimo-Aguilar, S. & Lawley, J. W. & Maggioni, D. & Martell, L. & Matsumoto, Y. & Moncada, A. & Nagale, P. & Phongphattarawat, S. & Sheridan, C. & Soto Angel, J. J. & Sukhoputova, A. & Collin, R." box="[890,1188,657,683]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="102 - 112" refId="ref142724" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Piraino, S., Pruski, S., Alpizar Gonzalez, M., Castellanos-Iglesias, S., Jeronimo-Aguilar, S., Lawley, J. W., Maggioni, D., Martell, L., Matsumoto, Y., Moncada, A., Nagale, P., Phongphattarawat, S., Sheridan, C., Soto Angel, J. J., Sukhoputova, A. & Collin, R. (2018 b) An integrative identification guide to the Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Neotropical Biodiversity, 4, 102 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2018.1488656" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFD5F159FC7362D0FBEA2CCC" box="[999,1046,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018b: 108
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |