961 lines
126 KiB
XML
961 lines
126 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E27E70B0EF94A5B6E57892318E8B7116">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D42829A3835D88D2B28CC0B9F3008DC0">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BF9AD3A3F868123B2E7B0C6B561DA77D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="9E4CE23AFFC7F14EFF03668BFA6929D0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159843472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC7F14EFF03668BFA6929D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E4CE23AFFC7F14EFF03668BFA6929D0" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC7F14BFF03668BFDA02884" box="[151,604,1737,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF03668BFDA02884" blockId="11.[151,604,1737,1799]" box="[151,604,1737,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="4D12E440FFC7F14BFF03668BFDA02884" bold="true" box="[151,604,1737,1764]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFF03668BFDA02884" ID-CoL="59R4R" authority="McCrady, 1857" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,604,1737,1764]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF03668BFDA02884" bold="true" box="[151,604,1737,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF03668BFE6F2883" bold="true" box="[151,403,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFE0F668BFDA02884" author="McCrady, J." box="[411,604,1737,1763]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC7F14BFF0366AFFF192960" box="[151,229,1773,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF0366AFFF192960" blockId="11.[151,604,1737,1799]" box="[151,229,1773,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFC7F14BFF0366AFFF192960" box="[151,229,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1523,1548]" captionTargetBox="[178,1417,183,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[168,1420,174,1504]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. a, Pennaria disticha: part of branch, with pedicel and hydranth, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4347. Scale equals 0.5 mm. b, Corydendrium parasiticum: part of colony with a reduced hydranth, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B449. Scale equals 0.5 mm. c, Rhizogeton sterreri: hydranth and stolon, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4326. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Rhizogeton sterreri: male gonophore and stolon, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4326. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Turritopsis nutricula: colony with two hydranths, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4327. Scale equals 0.2 mm. f, Cordylophora caspia: part of colony with hydranth and female gonophore, Caloosahatchee River at Fort Myers, ROMIZ B4329. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519053/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC7F14BFF036770FBB629C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF036770FA86292D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1841,1958]" box="[151,1402,1841,1866]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFC7F14BFF036770FA86292D" box="[151,1402,1841,1866]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFF036770FD5F292D" authority="McCrady, 1857: 55" authorityName="McCrady" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,675,1841,1866]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula" subGenus="Turritopsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF036770FF11292E" box="[151,237,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oceania</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF686770FE97292E" box="[252,363,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFEEE6773FE2B292E" box="[378,471,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC7F14BFE496773FD5F292D" author="McCrady, J." box="[477,675,1841,1866]" page="55" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFE496773FD5F292D" author="McCrady, J." box="[477,675,1841,1866]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady, 1857: 55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 4, figs. 1–10, 12–15, 28a, pl. 5, figs. 11, 16 18, 28b [medusa stage].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF036713FD8229E0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1841,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFC7F14BFF036713FD8229E0" infered="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFF036713FDC9290F" ID-CoL="59R4R" authority="McCrady, 1857: 58" authorityName="McCrady" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,565,1871,1896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF036713FE96290F" box="[151,362,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC7F14BFEE5670DFDC9290F" author="McCrady, J." box="[369,565,1871,1896]" page="58" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFEE5670DFDC9290F" author="McCrady, J." box="[369,565,1871,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady, 1857: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[medusa stage].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC7F14BFD666712FC54290F" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[754,936,1871,1896]" page="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1900">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFD666712FC54290F" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[754,936,1871,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900b: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[medusa stage]; 1910a: 143, text-figs. 75, 76, pl. 15, figs. 12, 13 [hydroid & medusa stages].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF0367CCFBB629C1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1841,1958]" box="[151,1098,1933,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFC7F14BFF0367CCFBB629C1" box="[151,1098,1933,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFF0367CCFE9629C2" authority="Vanhöffen, 1916" authorityName="Vanhöffen" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,362,1933,1957]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF0367CCFE9629C2" box="[151,362,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Turritopsis nutricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC7F14BFE1267CFFD9929C2" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[390,613,1933,1958]" page="418" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFE1267CFFD9929C2" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[390,613,1933,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref152326" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1916) Uber westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Westindien), 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1916">Vanhöffen, 1916: 418</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[medusa stage] [incorrect subsequent spelling].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC0F14CFF0360DBFAA02E9C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF0360DBFBCF2ED4" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[151,1075,152,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFC0F14CFF0360DBFBCC2ED4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643658" box="[151,1072,152,179]" country="United States of America" location="Charleston Harbor area" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF0360DBFECA2ED4" bold="true" box="[151,310,152,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFC0F14CFF0360DBFF2E2ED4" box="[151,210,153,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFEA860DBFE842ED4" box="[316,376,153,179]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFE1760DAFDD22ED5" box="[387,558,152,178]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="133A05F7FFC0F14CFDAE60DAFCBC2ED4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC7F14EFF03668BFA6929D0:133A05F7FFC0F14CFDAE60DAFCBC2ED4" box="[570,832,152,179]" country="United States of America" name="Charleston Harbor area" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="South Carolina">Charleston Harbor area</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFCDA60DAFBDB2ED4" author="McCrady, J." box="[846,1063,152,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady 1857: 55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF5360FEFAA02E9C" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF5360FEFE532EB0" bold="true" box="[199,431,188,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Fort Myers Beach,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC0F14CFD1260FEFCED2EB1" box="[646,785,188,214]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" seconds="27" value="26.4575">26°27’27”N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC0F14CFC8F60FEFC562EB0" box="[795,938,188,215]" degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-81.964165">81°57’51”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, on detached barnacle cluster at water’s edge,
|
||
<date id="625B75ECFFC0F14CFF0360A3FEB92E9C" box="[151,325,224,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2018-03-22">22 March 2018</date>
|
||
, 21° C, 33.5‰, one colony,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC0F14CFD1660A3FD3F2E9C" box="[642,707,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonophores, coll. D. Calder,
|
||
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFC0F14CFB3C60A3FAFE2E9C" box="[1192,1282,225,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
B4327.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC0F14EFF536147FA6929D0" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF536147FAB62FEC" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF536147FEC52F78" bold="true" box="[199,313,261,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The original account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFDAB6147FCDC2F79" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[575,800,260,286]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFDAB6147FCDC2F79" box="[575,800,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFCD36146FC012F78" author="McCrady, J." box="[839,1021,260,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady (1857)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was based solely on the medusa stage. A previously unknown hydroid was linked to it in life cycle studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFC19616AFBD12F24" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[909,1069,296,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="465 - 475" refId="ref125816" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1883) Notes on the medusae of Beaufort, N. C. Studies from the Biological Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 2, 465 - 475." type="journal article" year="1883">Brooks (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. While he provided no illustration of either hydroid or medusa of the species in that work, an excellent one appeared in another publication three years later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF426132FE942FED" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[214,360,368,394]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="359 - 430" refId="ref125886" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1886) The life-history of the hydromedusae: a discussion of the origin of the medusae, and of the significance of metagenesis. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 359 - 430." type="journal article" year="1886">Brooks 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 37). The same drawing was included later in the monograph of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFBDE6133FB152FEC" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1098,1257,369,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 76).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF5361D6FE0D2C04" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF5361D6FE682FC8" author="McCrady, J." box="[199,404,404,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady’s (1857)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFDAE61D7FD472FC9" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[570,699,404,430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFDAE61D7FD472FC9" box="[570,699,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
made no direct mention of the collection locale. However, his pioneering research on hydrozoans of the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFD4361FAFC902FB4" box="[727,876,440,467]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
was carried out in Charleston Harbor and vicinity,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFF03619EFEBE2F91" box="[151,322,476,502]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFEC7619EFD8F2F90" author="Stephens, L. D. & Calder, D. R." box="[339,627,476,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref151001" refString="Stephens, L. D. & Calder, D. R. (1992) John McCrady of South Carolina: pioneer student of North American Hydrozoa. Archives of Natural History, 19, 39 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 1992.19.1.39" type="journal article" year="1992">Stephens & Calder 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFC0F14CFD29619FFD112F90" box="[701,749,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality can therefore be taken to be the Charleston Harbor area. The species was described again in a classic paper on Hydrozoa of Charleston Harbor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFB246242FAA32C7C" author="McCrady, J." box="[1200,1375,512,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref141751" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and specimens collected from Charleston, by McCrady, were included in a catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology by A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFEAB620AFE112C04" author="Agassiz, A." box="[319,493,584,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref122477" refString="Agassiz, A. (1865) Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College. No. II. North American Acalephae. Sever & Francis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 234 pp." type="book" year="1865">Agassiz (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF53622FFDEB2D38" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In a report on anthoathecate hydroids of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFD1E622EFD0D2CE1" box="[650,753,620,646]" name="Bermuda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD6B622EFC712CE0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[767,909,620,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), I wrote that the generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFB78622FFA9B2CE1" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[1260,1383,621,646]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFB78622FFA9B2CE1" box="[1260,1383,621,646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mc- Crady was threatened by a virtually unused subjective synonym (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFCFD62D2FBA22CCC" authority="Wright, 1859" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1859" box="[873,1118,656,683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Clavula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFCFD62D2FC3E2CCD" box="[873,962,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clavula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFC5362D2FBA22CCC" author="Wright, T. S." box="[967,1118,656,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref155278" refString="Wright, T. S. (1859) Observations on British zoophytes. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series, 10, 105 - 114." type="journal article" year="1859">Wright, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). McCrady’s paper, in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFF0362F7FEEE2CA9" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,274,693,718]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF0362F7FEEE2CA9" box="[151,274,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first established, is now known to have been published in 1857 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFB8162F6FB232CA8" author="Calder, D. R. & Stephens, L. D. & Sanders, A. E." box="[1045,1247,692,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="287 - 288" refId="ref128482" refString="Calder, D. R., Stephens, L. D. & Sanders, A. E. (1992) Comments on the date of publication of John McCrady's hydrozoan paper Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 49, 287 - 288." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Calder
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFBFC62F7FB5C2CA9" box="[1128,1184,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and not in 1859 as generally believed at the time.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFD9E629BFD792C95" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[522,645,729,754]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFD9E629BFD792C95" box="[522,645,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
therefore has priority over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFC20629AFBF12C95" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1859" box="[948,1037,728,754]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Clavula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFC20629AFBF12C95" box="[948,1037,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clavula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a name proposed by Wright (1959) in the
|
||
<date id="625B75ECFFC0F14CFF4B62BEFEB12D70" box="[223,333,764,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1859-07">July 1859</date>
|
||
issue of
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFE2062BEFC9A2D71" box="[436,870,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal</emphasis>
|
||
. For the same reason, the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFB6E62BEFED62D5C" authority="Wright, 1859" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Clavula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gossii">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFB6E62BEFA602D71" box="[1274,1436,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clavula gossii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF036362FED62D5C" author="Wright, T. S." box="[151,298,800,827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref155278" refString="Wright, T. S. (1859) Observations on British zoophytes. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series, 10, 105 - 114." type="journal article" year="1859">Wright, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a nomenclatural threat to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFD186363FC8F2D5D" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[652,883,800,826]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFD186363FC8F2D5D" box="[652,883,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, the two species names are no longer held to be synonyms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFEC16306FDF72D38" author="Schuchert, P." box="[341,523,836,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF53632BFC292A50" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
An account of the medusa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFD8E632BFD622DE5" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[538,670,872,898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFD8E632BFD622DE5" box="[538,670,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD78632AFC642DE4" author="Agassiz, A." box="[748,920,872,899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref122477" refString="Agassiz, A. (1865) Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College. No. II. North American Acalephae. Sever & Francis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 234 pp." type="book" year="1865">Agassiz (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Naushon,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFBC6632AFB0B2DE5" box="[1106,1271,872,898]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, was based on a misidentification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFEEC63CEFDF12DC0" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[376,525,908,935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref125771" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1882) List of medusae found at Beaufort, N. C., during the summers of 1880 and 1881. Studies from the Biological Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 2, 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1882">Brooks 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD8E63CFFD4F2DC0" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[538,691,909,935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reports of the species (misspelled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFBFA63CFFB0D2DC1" box="[1134,1265,908,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFBFA63CFFB0D2DC1" box="[1134,1265,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFAD063CEFF1E2DAC" author="Agassiz, L." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref122614" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz (1862)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the same location, in collections by A. Agassiz, are likewise excluded from distribution records below as likely misidentifications. So too is a report of it from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFC846396FC492D89" box="[784,949,980,1006]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, based on the records of L. and A. Agassiz, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF2E63BAFE692A74" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[186,405,1016,1043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="295 - 747" refId="ref152986" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1874 d) Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1871 - 1872, 295 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57652" type="journal article" year="1874">Verrill (1874d: 454</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 734). Recent fanciful accounts of the species as “the immortal jellyfish” have largely been based on misidentifications of the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFD1E645FFC2C2A50" authority="(Weismann, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Weismann" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[650,976,1052,1079]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFD1E645FFD042A51" box="[650,760,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. dohrnii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFC93645EFC342A50" author="Weismann, A." box="[775,968,1052,1079]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref154329" refString="Weismann, A. (1883) Die Entstehung der Sexualzellen bei den Hydromedusen. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Baues und der Lebenserscheinungen dieser Gruppe. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 295 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9093" type="book" year="1883">Weismann, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF536403FB2E2B54" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
By the mid- and late 20
|
||
<superScript id="E190FE64FFC0F14CFE43647DFE182A2A" attach="left" box="[471,484,1087,1101]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
|
||
century, both hydroid and medusa stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFC716403FB952A3D" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[997,1129,1088,1114]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFC716403FB952A3D" box="[997,1129,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were widely thought to be almost circumglobal in distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFDA56427FD3E2A19" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[561,706,1124,1151]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref137862" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD5A6426FCA02A18" author="Calder, D. R." box="[718,860,1124,1151]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Evidence from recent reproductive and molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF6164CAFE572AC4" author="Schuchert, P." box="[245,427,1160,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFE2364CAFD5E2AC4" author="Miglietta, M. P. & Piraino, S. & Kubota, S. & Schuchert, P." box="[439,674,1160,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref142654" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Piraino, S., Kubota, S. & Schuchert, P. (2007) Species in the genus Turritopsis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): a molecu- lar evaluation. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 45, 11 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2006.00379. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFDB264CBFDA42AC5" box="[550,600,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD3B64CAFC2F2AC4" author="Miglietta, M. P. & Lessios, H. A." box="[687,979,1160,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="825 - 834" refId="ref142464" refString="Miglietta, M. P. & Lessios, H. A. (2009) A silent invasion. Biological Invasions, 11, 825 - 834. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 008 - 9296 - 0" type="journal article" year="2009">Miglietta & Lessios 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFC7464CAFB772AC5" author="Miglietta, M. P." box="[992,1163,1160,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="426 - 433" refId="ref142410" refString="Miglietta, M. P. (2016) Turritopsis fascicularis Fraser, 1943 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): redescription and discussion of its phylogenetic position within the genus. Zootaxa, 4097 (3), 426 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.3.10" type="journal article" year="2016">Miglietta 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFB0364CAFA692AC4" author="Kubota, S. & Nagai, S." box="[1175,1429,1160,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref137907" refString="Kubota, S. & Nagai, S. (2018) 16 S mitochondrial gene sequence analysis of some Turritopsis (Hydrozoa, Oceanidae) from Japan and abroad. Kuroshio Biosphere, 14, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2018">Kubota & Nagai 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicate that the species is far more restricted in distribution, occurring largely or exclusively in the warm-temperate western Atlantic. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFE766492FD592A8C" author="Schuchert, P." box="[482,677,1232,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="539 - 555" refId="ref149575" refString="Schuchert, P. (2016) The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 4175 (6), 539 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.6.3" type="journal article" year="2016">Schuchert (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, 16S sequences of specimens attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFB736493FA942A8D" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[1255,1384,1232,1258]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFB736493FA942A8D" box="[1255,1384,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus far are inconclusive in having been based on specimens collected at considerable distances from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFC0F14CFB6164B7FAD92B68" box="[1269,1317,1269,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFF03655AFEB82B55" box="[151,324,1304,1330]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Analyses of topotypic material are needed to confirm results of those sequences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF53657EFE6328D8" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Medusae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFECC657FFE212B31" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[344,477,1340,1366]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFECC657FFE212B31" box="[344,477,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are dioecious and oviparous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFCAF657EFC0F2B30" author="Schuchert, P." box="[827,1011,1340,1367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thereby differing from those of the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFE986523FD872B1C" authority="(Keferstein, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[268,635,1376,1403]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polycirrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFE986523FE632B1D" box="[268,415,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. polycirrha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFE246522FD8E2B1C" author="Keferstein, W." box="[432,626,1376,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref137354" refString="Keferstein, W. (1862) Untersuchungen uber niedere Seethiere. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 12, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1862">Keferstein, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morphological characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFBCE6523FB222B1D" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[1114,1246,1376,1402]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFBCE6523FB222B1D" box="[1114,1246,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFAB36523FF412BF9" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polycirrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFAB36523FF412BF9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. polycirrha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFE3465C7FDF12BF9" baseAuthorityName="Weismann" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[416,525,1412,1438]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFE3465C7FDF12BF9" box="[416,525,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. dohrnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFD5E65C7FC162BF8" authority="(Farquhar, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Farquhar" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[714,1002,1412,1439]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFD5E65C7FCDA2BF9" box="[714,806,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. rubra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFCA065C6FC1D2BF8" author="Farquhar, H." box="[820,993,1412,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="208 - 209" refId="ref131708" refString="Farquhar, H. (1895) Descriptions of two new gymnoblastic hydroids. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 27, 208 - 209." type="journal article" year="1895">Farquhar, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFB0E65C6FAA32BF8" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1178,1375,1412,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with differences being most apparent in medusae of the species. The hydroid colony examined here from Fort Myers Beach lacked medusa buds, with identification of it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFC86658FFC6B2B81" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[786,919,1484,1510]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFC86658FFC6B2B81" box="[786,919,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being based largely on its occurrence within a biogeographic region related to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFC0F14CFD0365B3FD3B286C" box="[663,711,1521,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species elsewhere in the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFB6965B2FA64286C" box="[1277,1432,1520,1547]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Moreover, medusae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFE086657FDE32849" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[412,543,1556,1582]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFE086657FDE32849" box="[412,543,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported nearby from the Dry
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFC676657FBA92848" box="[1011,1109,1557,1583]" name="Haiti" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
in southwest Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFAC56657FF232835" author="Mayer, A. G." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer 1900b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF79667BFEC92834" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[237,309,1593,1619]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFED5667AFE052834" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[321,505,1592,1619]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref152326" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1916) Uber westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Westindien), 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1916">Vanhöffen 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hydroids identified as the relatively deep water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFBA7667BFA9B2834" authority="Fraser, 1943" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1943" box="[1075,1383,1592,1619]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fascicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFBA7667BFB2E2835" box="[1075,1234,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. fascicularis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFB4E667BFA9B2834" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1242,1383,1593,1619]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="75 - 98" refId="ref133351" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1943) Distribution records of some hydroids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 22, 75 - 98." type="journal article" year="1943">Fraser, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occur in the region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFEEC661FFDFE2810" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[376,514,1629,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD99661EFD662810" author="Calder, D. R." box="[525,666,1628,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFD32661EFCB32810" author="Miglietta, M. P." box="[678,847,1628,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="426 - 433" refId="ref142410" refString="Miglietta, M. P. (2016) Turritopsis fascicularis Fraser, 1943 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): redescription and discussion of its phylogenetic position within the genus. Zootaxa, 4097 (3), 426 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.3.10" type="journal article" year="2016">Miglietta 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but they differ in having much larger, polysiphonic colonies. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFEC066C3FE0828FD" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1943" box="[340,500,1664,1690]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fascicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFEC066C3FE0828FD" box="[340,500,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. fascicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it has now been linked through DNA sequence data to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFBEC66C3FE6728D8" authority="Kolliker, 1853" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1853" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFBEC66C3FACC28FD" box="[1144,1328,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oceania armata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFAAD66C2FF3328D8" author="Kolliker, A." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="320 - 329" refId="ref137716" refString="Kolliker, A. (1853) Uber Scheibenquallen. In: Gegenbaur, C., Kolliker, A. & Muller, H., Bericht uber einige im Herbste 1852 in Messina angestellte vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 4, pp. 320 - 329." type="journal article" year="1853">Kölliker, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF4A66E6FE6F28D8" author="Schuchert, P." box="[222,403,1700,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="539 - 555" refId="ref149575" refString="Schuchert, P. (2016) The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 4175 (6), 539 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.6.3" type="journal article" year="2016">Schuchert 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC0F14CFF53668BFE7729B8" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFF53668BFE4E2885" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[199,434,1736,1762]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF53668BFE4E2885" box="[199,434,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported infrequently in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFC5C668AFBDD2885" box="[968,1057,1736,1762]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As noted above, medusae of the species have been recorded at the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFD8966AFFD7E2960" box="[541,642,1773,1799]" name="Haiti" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Medusae were also collected in the Bahía de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFB0166AEFAF22961" box="[1173,1294,1772,1798]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Campeche</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFA8F66AEFA8F2961" box="[1307,1395,1772,1798]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by Martell-Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFEE06753FE5A294D" box="[372,422,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014). Earlier,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFDF36753FC9F294C" author="Segura-Puertas, L." box="[615,867,1809,1835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="353 - 359" refId="ref149661" refString="Segura-Puertas, L. (1992) Medusae (Cnidaria) from the Yucatan shelf and Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 51, 353 - 359." type="journal article" year="1992">Segura-Puertas (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the medusa stage from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC0F14CFB6B6753FAA5294C" box="[1279,1369,1809,1835]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Shelf and the Mexican Caribbean, but it is unclear whether the species was collected in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC0F14CFB3B6776FAF42929" box="[1199,1288,1844,1870]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The hydroid stage has been identified from coastal petroleum platforms in Texas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFC33671AFB7B2914" author="Fotheringham, N." box="[935,1159,1880,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="179 - 208" refId="ref132503" refString="Fotheringham, N. (1981) Observations on the effects of oil field structures on their biotic environment: platform fouling community. In: Middleditch, B. S. (Ed.), Environmental effects of offshore oil production. The Buccaneer gas and oil field study. Marine Science, 14, 179 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4684 - 1110 - 2 _ 8" type="journal article" year="1981">Fotheringham 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Louisiana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFAD2671AFEEB29F0" author="Lewbel, G. S. & Howard, R. L. & Gallaway, B. J." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="199 - 224" refId="ref139410" refString="Lewbel, G. S., Howard, R. L. & Gallaway, B. J. (1987) Zonation of dominant fouling organisms on northern Gulf of Mexico petroleum platforms. Marine Environmental Research, 21, 199 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0141 - 1136 (87) 90066 - 3" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Lewbel
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF03673FFF3729F1" box="[151,203,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its reported range elsewhere in the western North Atlantic extends from southern Massachusetts to the southern Caribbean Sea (see records below). Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC0F14CFCD867E3FC2C29DD" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[844,976,1952,1978]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFCD867E3FC2C29DD" box="[844,976,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South America are summarized in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC0F14CFF036786FE7B29B8" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. & Miranda, T. P. & Araujo, E. M. & Ayon, P. & Cedeno-Posso, C. M. & Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. & Cordova, P. & Cunha, A. F. & Genzano, G. N. & Haddad, M. A. & Mianzan, H. W. & Migotto, A. E. & Miranda, L. S. & Morandini, A. C. & Nagata, R. M. & Nascimento, K. B. & Nogueira Jr., M. & Palma, S. & Quinones, J. & Rodriguez, C. S. & Scarabino, F. & Schiariti, A. & Stampar, S. N. & Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C." box="[151,391,1988,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref144877" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. & Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC0F14CFF6E6787FED729B9" box="[250,299,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="429A03A4FFC1F14DFF0365B1FAEA28D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3519053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519053/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1523,1548]" targetBox="[178,1417,183,1497]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC1F14DFF0365B1FAEA28D8" blockId="13.[151,1436,1523,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFF0365B1FE0A286B" bold="true" box="[151,502,1523,1548]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
FIGURE 1. a,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFEA065B1FE12286B" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[308,494,1523,1548]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFEA065B1FE12286B" bold="true" box="[308,494,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
part of branch, with pedicel and hydranth, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4347. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFF65665AFDD12857" bold="true" box="[241,557,1559,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
b,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFE9F6655FDDA2848" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[267,550,1559,1584]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFE9F6655FDDA2848" bold="true" box="[267,550,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
part of colony with a reduced hydranth, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B449. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFEA3667EFDE22833" bold="true" box="[311,542,1595,1620]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
c,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFEDA6679FDEA2834" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[334,534,1595,1620]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFEDA6679FDEA2834" bold="true" box="[334,534,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhizogeton sterreri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
hydranth and stolon, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4326. Scale equals 0.2 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFAA9667EFED0281F" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
d,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFAC36679FED82810" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFAC36679FED82810" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhizogeton sterreri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male gonophore and stolon, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4326. Scale equals 0.2 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFB356622FA60281F" bold="true" box="[1185,1436,1631,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
e,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFB2D661DFA68281F" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[1209,1428,1631,1656]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFB2D661DFA68281F" bold="true" box="[1209,1428,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
colony with two hydranths, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4327. Scale equals 0.2 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFB9F66C1FAF828FB" bold="true" box="[1035,1284,1667,1692]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
f,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFBB566C1FB0028FC" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1057,1276,1667,1692]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cordylophoridae" genus="Cordylophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caspia">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFBB566C1FB0028FC" bold="true" box="[1057,1276,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cordylophora caspia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
part of colony with hydranth and female gonophore, Caloosahatchee River at Fort Myers, ROMIZ B4329. Scale equals 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC1F14DFF536750FB7E2937" blockId="13.[151,1437,1809,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFF536750FD24294B" bold="true" box="[199,728,1809,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Reported distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFE4F6753FD24294B" bold="true" box="[475,728,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gulf coast of Florida.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFD746750FCBE294B" box="[736,834,1810,1836]" name="Haiti" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFC556750FB74294B" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[961,1160,1810,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer 1900b: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFB006750FAE8294B" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1172,1300,1810,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">1910a: 144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, captions to pl. 15, figs. 12, 13).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFE1D6774FE0D2937" box="[393,497,1846,1872]" name="Haiti" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFDFA6774FCA32937" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[622,863,1846,1872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref152326" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1916) Uber westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Westindien), 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1916">Vanhöffen 1916: 418</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFC1D6775FB8E2937" box="[905,1138,1846,1872]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFC1D6775FB8E2937" box="[905,1138,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Turritopsis nutricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC1F14DFF53671BFA602987" blockId="13.[151,1437,1809,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFF53671BFD822913" bold="true" box="[199,638,1881,1908]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Elsewhere in western North Atlantic.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFD1C6718FD382913" box="[648,708,1882,1908]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC1F14DFD466718FC7D2913" box="[722,897,1882,1908]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Charleston Harbor (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFB726718FF4A29FF" author="McCrady, J." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref141700" refString="McCrady, J. (1857) Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady 1857: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFF57673FFEC929FF" author="McCrady, J." box="[195,309,1917,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref141751" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">1859: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFEF4673CFE6129FF" box="[352,413,1918,1944]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC1F14DFE3D673CFDB229FF" box="[425,590,1918,1944]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Buzzards Bay, Naushon (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFC73673CFB3429FF" author="Fewkes, J. W." box="[999,1224,1918,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="141 - 182" refId="ref132023" refString="Fewkes, J. W. (1881 b) Studies of the jelly-fishes of Narragansett Bay. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8, 141 - 182." type="journal article" year="1881">Fewkes 1881b: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC1F14DFB60673CFED929DB" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1881" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Modeeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC1F14DFB60673CFED929DB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Modeeria multitentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFEC467E0FE7129DB" box="[336,397,1954,1980]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC1F14DFE0C67E0FDB829DB" box="[408,580,1954,1980]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort, the most common medusa (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFBF167E0FACC29DB" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[1125,1328,1954,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref125771" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1882) List of medusae found at Beaufort, N. C., during the summers of 1880 and 1881. Studies from the Biological Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 2, 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1882">Brooks 1882: 143</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFACF67E0FA6429DB" box="[1371,1432,1954,1980]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC1F14DFF036784FEBF2987" box="[151,323,1990,2016]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort (medusa) + Morehead City (hydroid) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFCFC6784FBCB2987" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[872,1079,1989,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="465 - 475" refId="ref125816" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1883) Notes on the medusae of Beaufort, N. C. Studies from the Biological Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 2, 465 - 475." type="journal article" year="1883">Brooks 1883: 465</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC1F14DFBD76784FB492986" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[1091,1205,1990,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="359 - 430" refId="ref125886" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1886) The life-history of the hydromedusae: a discussion of the origin of the medusae, and of the significance of metagenesis. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 359 - 430." type="journal article" year="1886">1886: 390</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC1F14DFB4B6784FAB02986" box="[1247,1356,1990,2017]" name="Bermuda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Castle
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC2F14EFF0360DBFA6929D0" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,1976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Harbor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFF6C60DBFE3C2ED4" author="Fewkes, J. W." box="[248,448,153,179]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="79 - 90" refId="ref132058" refString="Fewkes, J. W. (1883) Exploration of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the United States Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz. IV. On a few medusae from the Bermudas. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 11, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1883">Fewkes 1883: 79</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 80, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFD8860DBFCB72ED4" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1881" box="[540,843,153,179]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Modeeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFD8860DBFCB72ED4" box="[540,843,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Modeeria multitentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFC1260DBFB072ED4" box="[902,1275,153,179]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Modeeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula" subGenus="Turritopsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFC1260DBFC0F2ED4" box="[902,1011,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Modeeria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFB9260D8FB7D2ED4" box="[1030,1153,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFB0060DBFB072ED4" box="[1172,1275,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFAB260DBFA9F2ED4" box="[1318,1379,153,179]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFAE460DBFF2E2EB0" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Hampton Roads (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD8B60FFFD0F2EB0" author="Brooks, W. K." box="[543,755,189,215]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="359 - 430" refId="ref125886" refString="Brooks, W. K. (1886) The life-history of the hydromedusae: a discussion of the origin of the medusae, and of the significance of metagenesis. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 359 - 430." type="journal article" year="1886">Brooks 1886: 389</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC8960FFFCA52EB0" box="[797,857,189,215]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFCFC60FFFBFF2EB0" box="[872,1027,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Newport (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB6D60FFFF4A2E9C" author="Mayer, A. G." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer 1900b: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFF5760A3FEF02E9C" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[195,268,225,251]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figure caption to plate 15).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFDCB60A2FD5D2E9C" box="[607,673,224,251]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCB060A3FC102E9C" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[804,1004,225,251]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer 1900b: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC6D60A3FB842E9C" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1017,1144,225,251]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">1910a: 144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFB3760A3FB1C2E9C" box="[1187,1248,225,251]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFB7F60A3FA642E9C" box="[1259,1432,225,251]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Charleston Harbor (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFE736147FD522F78" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[487,686,261,287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer 1900b: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD2F6147FCC62F78" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[699,826,261,287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">1910a: 144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFCF06147FC5D2F78" box="[868,929,261,287]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFC396147FBAE2F78" box="[941,1106,261,287]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFAF36147FEBB2F24" author="Nutting, C. C." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting, 1901: 375</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEE5616AFE212F24" box="[369,477,296,323]" name="Bahamas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFDF6616BFCE22F24" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[610,798,297,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref141584" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1904) Medusae of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences, Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 1, 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 54874" type="journal article" year="1904">Mayer 1904: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCB8616BFC502F24" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[812,940,297,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">1910a: 144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC43616BFBE82F24" box="[983,1044,297,323]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFBB4616BFB392F24" box="[1056,1221,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFF75610FFE672F00" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[225,411,333,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="21 - 79" refId="ref135078" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1904) The medusae of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 24, 21 - 79." type="journal article" year="1904">Hargitt 1904: 37</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE52610FFDFF2F00" box="[454,515,333,359]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFD99610FFD4B2F00" box="[525,695,333,359]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort (medusa, juvenile hydroid reared from medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFADE610FFE482FEC" author="Brooks, W. K. & Rittenhouse, S." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="429 - 460" refId="ref125932" refString="Brooks, W. K. & Rittenhouse, S. (1907) On Turritopsis nutricula (McCrady). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 33, 429 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2009" type="journal article" year="1907">Brooks & Rittenhouse 1907: 433</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 437).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFD816133FDAD2FEC" box="[533,593,369,395]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFDCF6133FCFA2FEC" box="[603,774,369,395]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on pilings of bridge between Beaufort and Morehead City, low water + Bogue Sound,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFE4561D7FDDC2FC8" box="[465,544,405,431]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="ft" value="10.0">10 feet</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFDA561D7FDA32FC8" box="[561,607,405,431]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
) + Cape Lookout, on boathouse pilings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFBA661D7FAFE2FC8" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1074,1282,404,431]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref132794" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912 b) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser 1912b: 345</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFABF61D6FF2E2FB4" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEB761FBFE412FB4" box="[291,445,441,467]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
: St. Thomas, Charlotte Amalie, surface, on algae on an old barge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB3D61FBFA842FB4" author="Stechow, E." box="[1193,1400,441,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref150610" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 42, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow 1919: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFF03619CFE7E2F90" box="[151,386,477,503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFF03619CFE7E2F90" box="[151,386,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Turritopsis nutricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE39619FFE162F90" box="[429,490,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFE62619FFD672F90" box="[502,667,477,503]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole region (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB90619FFB4C2F9F" author="Fish, C. J." box="[1028,1200,476,504]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="91 - 179" refId="ref132202" refString="Fish, C. J. (1925) Seasonal distribution of the plankton of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 41, 91 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39187" type="journal article" year="1925">Fish 1925: 124</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFB4D619FFA802F90" box="[1241,1404,477,504]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFF556243FEA02C7C" box="[193,348,513,539]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
: St. Thomas, Charlotte Amalie, surface, on algae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC056243FBBF2C7B" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[913,1091,513,540]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Northwest Atlantic Ocean:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFF036266FF062C58" box="[151,250,548,575]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="26.933332">26°56’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFE936266FE912C58" box="[263,365,548,575]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="-53.15">53°09’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFEEE6267FE332C58" box="[378,463,549,575]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
(medusa, identification uncertain) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCF66267FBF22C58" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[866,1038,548,575]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref137835" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp 1959: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBAD6267FB8B2C58" box="[1081,1143,549,575]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFB166267FAD22C58" box="[1154,1326,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort region, inshore waters (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD9F620BFD222C04" author="Allwein, J." box="[523,734,585,611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref123431" refString="Allwein, J. (1967) North American hydromedusae from Beaufort, North Carolina. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 130, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1967">Allwein 1967: 122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC9C620BFC902C04" box="[776,876,585,611]" name="Curaçao" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Port + Schottegat, on algae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB25620BFA8C2C03" author="Vervoort, W." box="[1201,1392,585,612]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref153374" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFF03622FFF082CE0" box="[151,244,621,647]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFF6A622FFEB92CE0" box="[254,325,621,647]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on algae on experimental plates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD2A622FFC802CEF" author="Vervoort, W." box="[702,892,621,648]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref153374" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC33622FFC192CEF" box="[935,997,621,648]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFC7A622FFBB02CE0" box="[1006,1100,621,647]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, York River (Tue Marsh Light + Gloucester Point + Page’s Rock) + James River (Hampton Roads Middle Ground) + southern Chesapeake Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFF0B62F7FEA62CB7" author="Calder, D. R." box="[159,346,693,720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref126907" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special papers in Marine Science, 1, 125 pp." type="book" year="1971">Calder 1971: 30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE1062F7FE052CB7" box="[388,505,693,720]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Santa Marta area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD4F62F7FC572CA8" author="Wedler, E." box="[731,939,692,719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="324 - 363" refId="ref153972" refString="Wedler, E. (1975) Okologische Untersuchungen an Hydroiden des Felslitorals von Santa Marta (Kolumbien). Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 27, 324 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611700" type="journal article" year="1975">Wedler 1975: 333</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC4262F7FBEF2CA8" box="[982,1043,693,719]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFBB462F7FB322CA8" box="[1056,1230,693,719]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, estuaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFAC462F7FEF62C93" author="Calder, D. R." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="165 - 174" refId="ref126978" refString="Calder, D. R. (1976) The zonation of hydroids along salinity gradients in South Carolina estuaries. In: Mackie, G. O. (Ed.), Coelenterate ecology and behavior. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 165 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4757 - 9724 - 4 _ 18" type="book chapter" year="1976">Calder 1976: 169</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEA2629BFE8F2C93" box="[310,371,729,756]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFE14629BFDD12C94" box="[384,557,729,755]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Price Creek + Charleston Harbor + North Edisto River +
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFB40629BFAB72C94" box="[1236,1355,729,755]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sound + Colleton River (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFEFF62BFFD662D70" author="Calder, D. R. & Hester, B. S." box="[363,666,765,791]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref128327" refString="Calder, D. R. & Hester, B. S. (1978) Phylum Cnidaria. In: Zingmark, R. G. (Ed.), An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp. 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1978">Calder & Hester 1978: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFD5262BFFCFF2D70" box="[710,771,765,791]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFC8462BFFC432D70" box="[784,959,765,791]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Bull Bay + Price Creek + Inlet Creek + Charleston Harbor + North Edisto River (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD4D6363FC022D5C" author="Calder, D. R. & Hester, B. S." box="[729,1022,801,827]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref128327" refString="Calder, D. R. & Hester, B. S. (1978) Phylum Cnidaria. In: Zingmark, R. G. (Ed.), An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp. 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1978">Calder & Hester 1978: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBBD6363FB9A2D5C" box="[1065,1126,801,827]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFBE46363FB482D5C" box="[1136,1204,801,827]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Buccaneer oil field, on oil platform (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFED86307FD9F2D07" author="Fotheringham, N." box="[332,611,837,864]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="179 - 208" refId="ref132503" refString="Fotheringham, N. (1981) Observations on the effects of oil field structures on their biotic environment: platform fouling community. In: Middleditch, B. S. (Ed.), Environmental effects of offshore oil production. The Buccaneer gas and oil field study. Marine Science, 14, 179 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4684 - 1110 - 2 _ 8" type="journal article" year="1981">Fotheringham 1981: 194</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFD196307FD252D07" box="[653,729,837,864]" name="Belize" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Carrie Bow Cay, on reefs, mangroves, sand troughs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFABB6307FEF42DE3" author="Spracklin, B. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="239 - 251" refId="ref150207" refString="Spracklin, B. W. (1982) Hydroidea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. In: Rutzler, K. & Macintyre, I. G. (Eds.), The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. I. Structure and communities. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, pp. 239 - 251." type="journal article" year="1982">Spracklin 1982: 248</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEA5632BFE5A2DE3" box="[305,422,873,900]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Bahía de Cartagena (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD03632BFC3B2DE4" author="Florez Gonzalez, L." box="[663,967,873,899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="112 - 140" refId="ref132251" refString="Florez Gonzalez, L. (1983) Inventario preliminar de la fauna hydroide de la Bahia de Cartagena y areas adyacentes. Boletin del Museo del Mar, Bogota, 11, 112 - 140." type="journal article" year="1983">Flórez González 1983: 123</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC66632BFBD32DE4" box="[1010,1071,873,899]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFBAD632BFB1D2DE4" box="[1081,1249,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFA82632BFA8F2DE4" box="[1302,1395,873,899]" name="Georgia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, inner, middle and outer continental shelf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFDC463CFFCAE2DC0" author="Wenner, E. L. & Hinde, P. & Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F." box="[592,850,909,935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref154596" refString="Wenner, E. L., Hinde, P., Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F. (1984) A temporal and spatial study of invertebrate communities associated with hard-bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 18, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Wenner
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFD3B63CCFD1C2DC0" box="[687,736,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984: 20
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 39).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC3063CFFC1D2DC0" box="[932,993,909,935]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFC7F63CFFB692DC0" box="[1003,1173,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, North Inlet area, Town Creek and tributaries + Murrells Inlet, Capt. Dick’s Marina, floating docks + Charleston area + Folly River area,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFF036397FEE92D88" box="[151,277,981,1007]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oak Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
, oyster reefs + Isle of Palms, marina, floating docks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCE76397FB722D88" author="Fox, R. S. & Ruppert, E. E." box="[883,1166,980,1007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref132584" refString="Fox, R. S. & Ruppert, E. E. (1985) Shallow-water marine benthic macroinvertebrates of South Carolina. Species identification, community composition and symbiotic associations. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, 329 pp." type="book" year="1985">Fox & Ruppert 1985: 61</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 104, 141, 152, 177).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFF0363BBFEFE2A74" box="[151,258,1017,1043]" name="Bermuda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: common inshore and on offshore buoy chains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCB563BBFC1A2A74" author="Calder, D. R." box="[801,998,1017,1043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="127 - 155" refId="ref127096" refString="Calder, D. R. (1986) Class Hydrozoa. In: Sterrer, W. (Ed.), Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 127 - 155." type="book chapter" year="1986">Calder 1986: 134</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFB9B63BBFB602A74" box="[1039,1180,1017,1043]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, La Parguera, on mangrove roots and sponges,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFE28645EFDF82A50" box="[444,516,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD80645FFCB62A5F" author="Wedler, E. & Larson, R." box="[532,842,1053,1080]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="69 - 101" refId="ref154205" refString="Wedler, E. & Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21, 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528609360698" type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler & Larson 1986: 86</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFCE0645FFC4D2A5F" box="[884,945,1053,1080]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFC29645FFBD22A50" box="[957,1070,1053,1079]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on coastal petroleum platforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFF0B6403FE562A3B" author="Lewbel, G. S. & Howard, R. L. & Gallaway, B. J." box="[159,426,1089,1116]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="199 - 224" refId="ref139410" refString="Lewbel, G. S., Howard, R. L. & Gallaway, B. J. (1987) Zonation of dominant fouling organisms on northern Gulf of Mexico petroleum platforms. Marine Environmental Research, 21, 199 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0141 - 1136 (87) 90066 - 3" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Lewbel
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFF6F6400FED02A3C" box="[251,300,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1987: 214
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE406403FDB42A3B" box="[468,584,1089,1116]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Santa Marta area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC896403FBB52A3B" author="Bandel, K. & Wedler, E." box="[797,1097,1089,1116]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref124037" refString="Bandel, K. & Wedler, E. (1987) Hydroid, amphineuran and gastropod zonation in the littoral of the Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 19, 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1987">Bandel & Wedler 1987: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBE66403FB1C2A3B" box="[1138,1248,1089,1116]" name="Bermuda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Whalebone Bay + Flatts Inlet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFEA86427FE1B2A18" author="Calder, D. R." box="[316,487,1125,1151]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFD806427FDAE2A18" box="[532,594,1125,1151]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFDCB6427FCF12A18" box="[607,781,1125,1151]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, continental shelf, fouling plates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB006427FF3F2AC3" author="Van Dolah, R. F. & Wendt, P. H. & Knott, D. M. & Wenner, E. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="679 - 699" refId="ref152163" refString="Van Dolah, R. F., Wendt, P. H., Knott, D. M. & Wenner, E. L. (1988) Recruitment and community development of sessile fouling assemblages on the continental shelf off South Carolina, USA. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 26, 679 - 699. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0272 - 7714 (88) 90043 - 1" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Van Dolah
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFA8D6424FAB02A18" box="[1305,1356,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1988: 684
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFF7A64CBFED62AC3" box="[238,298,1161,1188]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFEA264CBFE182AC4" box="[310,484,1161,1187]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, inner continental shelf, on artificial reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC5D64CBFB1E2AC3" author="Wendt, P. H. & Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F." box="[969,1250,1161,1188]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1106 - 1122" refId="ref154548" refString="Wendt, P. H., Knott, D. M. & Van Dolah, R. F. (1989) Community structure of the biota on five artificial reefs of different ages. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44, 1106 - 1122." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Wendt
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFB8964C8FBAC2AC4" box="[1053,1104,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989: 1116
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFA9864CBFAAB2AC3" box="[1292,1367,1161,1188]" name="Belize" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Twin Cays (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFF4964EDFE522AAD" author="Calder, D. R." box="[221,430,1199,1226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="221 - 228" refId="ref127307" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 b) Abundance and distribution of hydroids in a mangrove ecosystem at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Hydrobiologia, 216 / 217, 221 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00026466" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991b: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE4C64EDFDCF2AAD" box="[472,563,1199,1226]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFDA864EDFD4E2AAE" box="[572,690,1199,1225]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Campeche</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bank + Mexican Caribbean (medusa) (Segura-Puertas & Ordóñez- López 1994: 108).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE146494FE122A96" box="[384,494,1238,1265]" name="Bermuda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Argus (=Plantagenet) Bank (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCAF6494FBEC2A97" author="Calder, D. R." box="[827,1040,1238,1264]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1125 - 1139" refId="ref127670" refString="Calder, D. R. (2000) Assemblages of hydroids (Cnidaria) from three seamounts near Bermuda in the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 47, 1125 - 1139. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0967 - 0637 (99) 00093 - X" type="journal article" year="2000">Calder 2000: 1134</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBAF6494FB8B2A97" box="[1083,1143,1238,1264]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFB166494FAD22A97" box="[1154,1326,1238,1264]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Beaufort Inlet (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFED964BFFDC02B70" author="Schuchert, P." box="[333,572,1277,1303]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004: 323</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFDF264BFFD392B70" box="[614,709,1277,1303]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Mole Buoy, Atlantic entrance to canal +
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFB3F64BFFB0E2B70" box="[1195,1266,1277,1303]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fort Sherman dock, wood,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFEBE6566FE492B59" box="[298,437,1316,1342]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="12" value="9.37">09°22’12”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFE566561FDAD2B59" box="[450,593,1315,1342]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-79.94972">79°56’59”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFDC96566FD5C2B59" box="[605,672,1316,1342]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0-2 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFD546561FCFB2B5A" box="[704,775,1315,1341]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, bridge near Fort Sherman,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFBD76566FB332B59" box="[1091,1231,1316,1342]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="33" value="9.2925005">09°17’33”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFB4F6561FA972B59" box="[1243,1387,1315,1342]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-79.922775">79°55’22”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFAE36566FF512B02" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFF446508FEEB2B03" box="[208,279,1354,1380]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fort Sherman dock, marina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFDFB650BFD072B03" box="[623,763,1353,1380]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="57" value="9.349166">09°20’57”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFC9D650BFC642B03" box="[777,920,1353,1380]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-79.90278">79°54’10”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFC326508FC172B02" box="[934,1003,1354,1381]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0-2 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFB9A6508FBA92B03" box="[1038,1109,1354,1380]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Club Nautico, steel pilings,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFF036532FEDF2BEC" box="[151,291,1392,1419]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="51" value="9.364167">09°21’51”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFEBB6532FE422BEC" box="[303,446,1392,1419]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-79.894165">79°53’39”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFE5E6533FDF02BEC" box="[458,524,1393,1419]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 m</quantity>
|
||
+
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFDBE6533FD8D2BEC" box="[554,625,1393,1419]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFDE96533FD592BEC" box="[637,677,1393,1419]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Margareta, Fort Randolph, shore,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFBBD6532FB482BEC" box="[1065,1204,1392,1419]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="15" value="9.3875">09°23’15”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFB546532FAB22BEC" box="[1216,1358,1392,1419]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-79.88638">79°53’11”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFACE6533FA602BEC" box="[1370,1436,1393,1419]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Bocas del Toro area, Hospital Point,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFDDF65DAFD172BD5" box="[587,747,1432,1458]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" seconds="00.7" value="9.333528">09°20’00.7”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFD6365D5FC602BD6" box="[759,924,1431,1457]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" seconds="06.8" value="-82.21856">82°13’06.8”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFC3C65DAFC162BD5" box="[936,1002,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0-2 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Bocas del Toro area, Mangrove Inn, 09°19.52.6”N, 82°15’17.7’W,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFE6665FCFDCA2BBE" box="[498,566,1470,1497]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Bocas del Toro area, Almirante pilings,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFBB665FCFB4A2BBF" box="[1058,1206,1470,1496]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="16.218" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="9.2703">09°16.218’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFB5765FCFAA72BBF" box="[1219,1371,1470,1496]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="23.382" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="-82.3897">82°23.382’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFAFD65FCFF512B98" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="5.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="1.0">1-10 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Bocas del Toro area, Hospital Point,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFDF365A7FCFB2B98" box="[615,775,1509,1535]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" seconds="01.9" value="9.33386">09°20’01.9”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFC8765A7FC442B98" box="[787,952,1509,1535]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" seconds="07.7" value="-82.2188">82°13’07.7”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFC5065A7FBE82B98" box="[964,1044,1509,1535]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="2.0">2-13 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Bocas del Toro area, Crawl Cay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFF036649FED72841" box="[151,299,1547,1574]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="15.261" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="9.25435">09°15.261’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFEAC664EFE2C2841" box="[312,464,1548,1574]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="07.787" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="-82.12978">82°07.787’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFE48664EFDE32841" box="[476,543,1548,1574]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 m</quantity>
|
||
+ Bocas del Toro area, Boca del Drago, no coordinates,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFB08664EFB232841" box="[1180,1247,1548,1574]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0-3 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB7A6649FEA1282B" author="Calder, D. R. & Kirkendale, L." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref128387" refString="Calder, D. R. & Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder & Kirkendale 2005: 479</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFE136670FE3F282B" box="[391,451,1586,1612]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFE5A6670FD8F282B" box="[462,627,1586,1612]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC8D6670FBD0282B" author="Miglietta, M. P. & Piraino, S. & Kubota, S. & Schuchert, P." box="[793,1068,1586,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref142654" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Piraino, S., Kubota, S. & Schuchert, P. (2007) Species in the genus Turritopsis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): a molecu- lar evaluation. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 45, 11 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2006.00379. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFC1E6671FC40282B" box="[906,956,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007: 13
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBCC6670FB6A282B" box="[1112,1174,1586,1612]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFB366670FAB3282B" box="[1186,1359,1586,1612]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, North Inlet estuary (medusa) (Marshalonis & Pinckney 2007: 1032).—French Lesser Antilles:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBEE661BFAF82814" box="[1146,1284,1625,1651]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Basse-Terre, Petite Anse,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFEB0663EFE2E28F0" box="[292,466,1660,1687]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" seconds="47.00" value="16.09639">16°05’47.00”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFE4A663FFD6D28F0" box="[478,657,1661,1687]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" seconds="17.00" value="-61.77139">61°46’17.00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, rocky shore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFCBA663FFC3328F0" author="Galea, H. R." box="[814,975,1661,1687]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea 2008: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, identification provisional, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFAB5663CFED828DC" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFAB5663CFA6028F0" box="[1313,1436,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFF2966E3FED828DC" box="[189,292,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEDB66E3FE7028DC" box="[335,396,1697,1723]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFE0C66E3FDC128DC" box="[408,573,1697,1723]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFD7266E3FBBB28DB" author="Miglietta, M. P. & Lessios, H. A." box="[742,1095,1697,1724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="825 - 834" refId="ref142464" refString="Miglietta, M. P. & Lessios, H. A. (2009) A silent invasion. Biological Invasions, 11, 825 - 834. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 008 - 9296 - 0" type="journal article" year="2009">Miglietta & Lessios 2009: 833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFBE666E3FB4E28DB" box="[1138,1202,1697,1724]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Bahía de Cochinos,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFF036686FF2028B8" box="[151,220,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFE846684FEA028B8" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[272,348,1734,1759]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFE846684FEA028B8" box="[272,348,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Varela
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFE7F6684FDE328B8" box="[491,543,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010: 30, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFD536684FC4E28B8" box="[711,946,1733,1759]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFD536684FC4E28B8" box="[711,946,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Turritopsis nutricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—French Lesser Antilles:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFB656687FA8C28B8" box="[1265,1392,1733,1759]" name="Martinique" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Le Prêcheur, Les Jardins des Abîmes,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFDBC66ABFD5E2964" box="[552,674,1769,1795]" degrees="14.809044" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="14.809044">14.809044</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC2F14EFD3B66AAFCCF2964" box="[687,819,1768,1795]" degrees="61.228853" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="-61.22885">-61.228853</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFCD466AAFC5B2964" box="[832,935,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
|
||
, on sponge and worm tubes + Le Prêcheur, Pointe Lamare, 14.780461°, -61.211935°,
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC2F14EFDFB674EFD2F2940" box="[623,723,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 m</quantity>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC2F14EFC94674CFB86294F" authority="(Galea 2013: 6)" authorityPageNumber="6" baseAuthorityName="Galea" baseAuthorityPageNumber="6" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[768,1146,1805,1832]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFC94674CFC342940" box="[768,968,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC41674FFB8D294F" author="Galea, H. R." box="[981,1137,1805,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref133834" refString="Galea, H. R. (2013) New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa, 3686 (1), 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Galea 2013: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFB08674FFB04294F" box="[1180,1272,1805,1832]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: southern Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFF236773FEF1292C" box="[183,269,1841,1867]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(medusa) (Martell-Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFDF96770FD5C292C" box="[621,672,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014: 23).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFCAB6773FC80292C" box="[831,892,1841,1867]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFC1C6773FBD1292C" box="[904,1069,1841,1867]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB426773FEF62908" author="Devarapalli, P. & Kumavath, R. N. & Barh, D. & Azevedo, V." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="586 - 591" refId="ref130840" refString="Devarapalli, P., Kumavath, R. N., Barh, D. & Azevedo, V. (2014) The conserved mitochondrial gene distribution in relatives of Turritopsis nutricula, an immortal jellyfish. Bioinformation, 10, 586 - 591. https: // doi. org / 10.6026 / 97320630010586" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Devarapalli
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFAF76770FA69292C" box="[1379,1429,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014: 590
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEA06716FE8C2908" box="[308,368,1876,1903]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: east coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFE666717FD332917" author="Miglietta, M. P." box="[498,719,1877,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="426 - 433" refId="ref142410" refString="Miglietta, M. P. (2016) Turritopsis fascicularis Fraser, 1943 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): redescription and discussion of its phylogenetic position within the genus. Zootaxa, 4097 (3), 426 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.3.10" type="journal article" year="2016">Miglietta 2016: 431</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFC3F6717FB892908" author="Wedler, E." box="[939,1141,1877,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref154158" refString="Wedler, E. (2017 b) Hidroides del Mar Caribe con enfasis en la region de Santa Marta, Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Serie de Publicaciones Generales del INVEMAR # 94, Santa Marta, Colombia, 200 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wedler 2017b: 43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 38, 39A, B).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFACF6717FA652908" box="[1371,1433,1877,1903]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFF03673BFEC029F4" box="[151,316,1913,1939]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Woods Hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFE48673BFD1029F4" author="Kubota, S. & Nagai, S." box="[476,748,1913,1939]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref137907" refString="Kubota, S. & Nagai, S. (2018) 16 S mitochondrial gene sequence analysis of some Turritopsis (Hydrozoa, Oceanidae) from Japan and abroad. Kuroshio Biosphere, 14, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2018">Kubota & Nagai 2018: 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFC8C673BFCAA29F4" box="[792,854,1913,1939]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFCF4673BFC1E29F4" box="[864,994,1913,1939]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Barnegat Bay (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC2F14EFB6B673BFEF629DF" author="Bologna, P. & Gaynor, J. J. & Meredith, R. & Restaino, D. & Barry, C." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="217 - 227" refId="ref124911" refString="Bologna, P., Gaynor, J. J., Meredith, R., Restaino, D. & Barry, C. (2018) Stochastic event alters gelatinous zooplankton community structure: impacts of Hurricane Sandy in a Mid-Atlantic estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 591, 217 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 12262" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bologna
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFAF16738FA6929F4" box="[1381,1429,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018: 222
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC2F14EFEA167DFFE8829DF" box="[309,372,1949,1976]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC2F14EFEEA67DFFE2A29D0" box="[382,470,1949,1975]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Havana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, coral reef system west of the city (Castellanos
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC2F14EFC7867DCFBE129D0" box="[1004,1053,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018: Supplementary Table S2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |