252 lines
34 KiB
XML
252 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C0E1BCC69C1EB9C5EC98E9FE521F12DB">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B99A1F3132AD474F8B74A94537251FD0">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DFC765AA09BB3F2E64D9DA6B40CC042">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FAB83993C43A6D4D9ECBA384DCDB88B0">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="93B5C2F3563E5ADF55751BF55BCEBA2E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056113" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93B5C2F3563E5ADF55751BF55BCEBA2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/93B5C2F3563E5ADF55751BF55BCEBA2E" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="6601410A15060A8084910226B0734EC5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="3B10CEDCB02681B8318E57CCF1DBA79F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AB5E98C5D69798FFA851C5975536114" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="67E8C53BD8ADA09DB0E14E5FC0BF11FA" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="DFAB171D322D902F5A5C5ADDC95D5818" ID-CoL="4VTLL" authority="Swaine, 1917" authorityName="Swaine" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae (Swaine, 1917)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 29, 37
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1A3A97AF4043A539BE39998B71DA923F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="23F8A14F5D859A008BBF3FD2E81C7997" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="A4F3F6690AFE1DA134CAD75FD76DB607" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eccoptogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eccoptogaster monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">
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<pageBreakToken id="9B8515086D016AAE97F97A5182D03602" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">Eccoptogaster</pageBreakToken>
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monticolae
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</taxonomicName>
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Swaine, 1917: 32.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2986BB038AEFF17987BAAC3FEF420F2D" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="C14B20F0723C458E71E73DBDE67F7D62" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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(Swaine, 1917):
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<bibRefCitation id="178EB222E05BD3676BB5A82310ED3D21" author="Keen, FP" journalOrPublisher="Stanford University" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" title="Bark beetles of the superfamily Scolytoidea (Ipoidea) infesting forest trees of western North America, with keys to the genera based on adult characters and work" year="1929">Keen 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 13.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC9FB62BDE6C683925921589B2630C78" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5205BD7E9A2532644265713D74BA5EAB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B9AD57CE891EAEFAE1350739046625B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="F060385A91444DC660A87DCCBA15D85B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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males are easily confused with
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<taxonomicName id="48E59A57C18449D66CEC2D9632069183" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus reflexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">Scolytus reflexus</taxonomicName>
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males, especially those exhibiting the wickhami phenotype. They are easily distinguished by the size of male ventrite 5. In
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<taxonomicName id="325A4DA5C74791851EB45F9AF6570F4B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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, ventrite 5 is equal in length to width of ventrites 3 and 4 combined. In
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<taxonomicName id="42781507F2B01F21AB671E9285D11BE6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus reflexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">Scolytus reflexus</taxonomicName>
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, ventrite 5 is equal in length to ventrite 4.
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<taxonomicName id="8E9556CF00C52D5BEB1D30C6BD2D1EA6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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lacks an epistomal process while
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<taxonomicName id="2F4258CD731D03635649EFC17BB0C1BE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus reflexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">Scolytus reflexus</taxonomicName>
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typically has a strongly developed epistomal process. Males are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4880A506A1674100067A2B3CE81DA275" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: surface of ventrite 2 shining but minutely reticulate; elytral striae not impressed; basal margin of ventrite 2 more pronounced and produced laterally; elytral strial punctures small, spaced 2-3 diameters of a puncture. Females of
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<taxonomicName id="3D88160E9BBB1993413576404CF95AC6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="F7254A2234C82D1C53DB7D76C3257383" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus reflexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">Scolytus reflexus</taxonomicName>
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females by having the apical margin of ventrite 1 weakly produced, never rounded and the surface of ventrite 2 smooth and flat, and are separated from those of
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<taxonomicName id="63A77BF0CAD6EE22C7AA45B321CB0DDE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
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by elytral discal striae not impressed and ventrite 2 shining in luster.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="97640013A692C39B34CB71AEEA9E536D" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="D4FDD90C11CB0287047220A048CF114C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4CC7A097DDAFDAB4E3C6B7FEA1E2817" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2.5-3.0 mm long (mean = 2.9 mm; n = 10); 2.0-2.5 times as long as wide. Head, pronotum, and abdominal venter dark red-brown, legs light brown, antennae yellow-brown, elytra usually dark red-brown but may be brown. Pronotum typically darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34D2E64806BA55C73B7DEDF5296EFB9F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Head. Epistoma weakly emarginated; epistomal process weakly developed; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long yellow hair-like setae. Frons appearing flattened when viewed laterally, slightly transversely impressed just above epistoma; weakly aciculate-punctate, medial area appearing shagreened; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures small, coarse; sparsely, uniformly covered by long, fine, yellow, erect, hair-like setae, these longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, irregularly ovoid, setose with partial septum, two arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DC3B99568C7729A70768128F2AAD396" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctures on disc fine, shallow, moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hair-like setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8FF5AFCB3663DCD01F9A5B906BFB869" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on basal half, narrowing to subquadrate, smooth apex; apex moderately emarginated at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing large, coarse punctures. Disc glabrous, smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, twice width of striae, punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae, bearing minute, recumbent setae length of interstrial punctures (may be abraded); striae not impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron less than half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03317D4E2F97B4F76A4BA20A7E1475AA" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 weakly elevated above base of ventrite 2, more pronounced and produced laterally forming two cups. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface smooth, shining, finely punctate; punctures small, fine, shallow; surface flattened, depressed above basal margin; apical margin unarmed; covered in recumbent setae twice width of a puncture; lateral margins of ventrites 2-3 and ventrite 4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge closer to apical margin of segment; length of ventrite 5 less than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch and median depression absent.</paragraph>
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<caption id="B0A60A795F8A3FB0B23411EB0E6D4F0E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<paragraph id="B85FD6B53C1BF6BE4346E48BD9483507" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Figure 37.
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<taxonomicName id="DACDB886154C4951185B05C2C7AE85E5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DD2B63C77F7BA867AD0B9C9282C659E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">
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<paragraph id="EBFC57D9ABCF832F25D2ACD278801394" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A320216FC1A9A747703DBE75BA53317" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2.3-3.5 mm long (mean = 3.0 mm; n = 10); 2.3-2.7 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma feebly emarginated, frons convex when viewed laterally, strigate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye; weakly transversely impressed between inner apices of eyes. Second ventrite unarmed. Length of ventrite 5 greater than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4B1E5A888AB3E747C438268573BB45F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="AC1DE8C8625E169B59B9BA99D7CB61CD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6DD8F9CDB72C1D7EDFF81590AC30D9B2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">123.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85208BA86E38FDCA1D4543747B7AC9A8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="A9D2592618C5CF4F1F20890EBA4CF885" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31E8CC125D2F611758F4FFB1E49FEBDD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Lectotype: female, labeled "[Arrowhead, British Columbia],
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<taxonomicName id="1AA6A52340CC7D936508DC760108361D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus monticola" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monticola">Pinus monticola</taxonomicName>
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, 2423, J.M. Swaine Coll, female" (CNCI). Lectotype designated
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<bibRefCitation id="57C2662D53663CBF2905040A2463832C" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="673 - 681" title="Catalogue of the Swaine types of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) with designations of lectotypes." url="10.4039/Ent99673-7" volume="99" year="1967">Bright 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 674.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EE2D1C65881DB430D19130EC5E8B39B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="795EF4DBEF458D88ADB6763696BE8354" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C6A1D4D3E21AF49532CC816728A4801E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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CANADA:BRITISH COLUMBIA: Merritt, Midday Valley, 27.VI.1926, W. Mathers (USNM-2), 4.IX.1926 (USNM-2). Trinity Valley, 4.VII.1954, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="096380C466572844F33DE81B5B599B6B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
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(USNM-4). UNITED STATES:COLORADO:Custer Co.: Hillside, 6 mi W., Duckett Creek, FR331, Rita Alta Fuelwood area, 23.V.2000, D. Leatherman (CSUC-1). [Garfield Co.]: Glenwood Springs (CASC-1). Jefferson Co.: Buffalo Creek, 6.VIII.2004, D. Leatherman, ex. Douglas fir [=
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<taxonomicName id="9883B07AF1A363EE3E5A5BA246A07335" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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] (CASC-2). IDAHO:Benewah Co.: St. Maries, Hopk. U.S. 618074, 28.VIII.1978, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="AF757D441040BFE6C0DE55812BFDD8F0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(USNM-32). Boise Co.: Boise National Forest, Bogus Basin, Bogus Basin Rd,
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<geoCoordinate id="7B740E3B6E42681BF2A27CF55C8EAF37" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.739117">N43°44.347'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5E78ABBBF9F2AD498723248B6F6759AD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-116.11832">W116°07.099'</geoCoordinate>
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, 6047 ft, 8.VIII.2010, S.M. Smith, A.R. Gillogly, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="EC8E8EA03EA317053898E5A6943F2773" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(MSUC-8). Bonner Co.: Priest River Experimental Forest, Hopk. U.S. 61809-A, 25.X.1978, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="5743DE41C75E33939CE6E084AD4D8504" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM-26). Kootenai Co.: Coeur
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCFBEF378AE3402E75743CE1B62A37E2" originalValue="d’Alene">d'Alene</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 30.VIII.1919, J.C. Evenden (MSUC-12); 7.VIII.1919, J.C. Evenden, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F44B654DC09DC26CE66815BB76028D73" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSUC-4). Shoshone Co.: Coeur
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0EEEEBBFA88DEC7AF846DC6DBFFEADC8" originalValue="d’Alene">d'Alene</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="336997B9BAD1CF512269380AE0787AB3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.428467">N47°25.708'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="35661C633BECCF7A3F08A6683022E09D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-115.89107">W115°53.464'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3728 ft, 15.VIII.2010, S.M. Smith, A.R. Gillogly, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D65F84CEA53826AFDB0BC3ADEC19F50A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSUC-19). Prichard, 23.VII.1920, J.C. Evenden, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26973AF08DF556DC7F152E2714E1E146" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies grandis" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">Abies grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSUC-2). MONTANA: [Sanders Co.]: Trout Creek, 1.VIII.1981, J. Dunkel, ex. Douglas fir (USNM-2). OREGON: [Unspecified County]: Santiam National [State] Forest, 22.VIII.[19]14, W.J. Chamberlin, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="149A5161B345B1AD187E74865B312AC0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies amabalis" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabalis">Abies amabalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EMEC-1). WASHINGTON: [Kittitas Co.]: Easton (USNM-1). [Yakima Co.]: Cliffdell, 7.VII.[19]35, R.H. Beaner (USNM-1). WYOMING: [Park Co.]: Cody, Hopk. U.S. 34220-F, 10.V.[19]56, H.E. Ostmark, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F1D48AF4093A0857D492BC2828A9FEC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A9460CBB816D13B6A351E0606F09EFF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
] (CSUC-2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ED8324A5D05EBFE3371E0AB9D0E166E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E05BF56471430DA00B9609EEFF29A5D7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1272EDC191FA7F6F217988860A13CD70" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CANADA: British Columbia. UNITED STATES: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming (Fig. 38).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63965CEDA84F2E6E6B5B71A8B5D5EB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="0685FD989D4E14B77245ABB6E0C0460C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 38.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="677B1C18E52167D50BDB340FDA436BED" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution map.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="11BAD2DBD9148CD76791A80B326675DD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="40DB8CA7B571404017BDAFEF96A1A31C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="48DF25048E146D9CC30A43A95D8C0F61" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84804EA55C5AD99B7D4E51268B1665B9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0AF1E3258A8CB9501C94F0884EEE53C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="16CC05EB01774D64CA2756BFF2750EB3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C653AE5EC85FA48EC2FD9EA23200B99" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1F63A9D0A751B29AD91ECCE258ADC25" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
commonly infests the bole, suppressed branches and fresh slash of Douglas fir.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3AED35315611F420AEE0FBC17DE2470" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14438CB5AC6E9AE140E13B1B26DF72FC" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see remarks below) has been reported to kill drought stressed sapling and pole-sized Douglas fir trees in British Columbia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3530776512E39AE22F0858697F43B0" author="McMullen, LH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="416 - 426" title="Life-history and habits of Scolytustsugae (Swaine) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the interior of British Columbia." url="10.4039/Ent91416-7" volume="91" year="1959">McMullen and Atkins 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Wyoming (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D7C4EE552AF4A796E1FF5CC5E11C517F" author="Furniss, RL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Forest, Service Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 654" title="Western forest insects." volume="1339" year="1977">Furniss and Carolin 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="53C052CAF8F18D79095338C7F3057608" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Adult galleries strongly resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DAE0EA78C19900E07823249D6FCD805" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus reflexus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">Scolytus reflexus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, parallel to the grain of the wood, bayonet shaped and consist of two egg galleries and a central nuptial chamber (Fig. 24). From the central nuptial chamber, one egg gallery extends with the grain of the wood and the other egg gallery is slightly transversely extended and then is extended parallel to the grain. The nuptial chamber is oblique to the egg galleries. The adult gallery scores the sapwood more than the cambium and averages 5.0-9.0 cm in length. Egg niches are generally placed in pairs along the egg galleries and score the sapwood. Larvae extend their mines perpendicular to the egg gallery before diverging in a fan shaped pattern. Pupation may occur under the bark or in the sapwood. In Idaho,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19A68E73135B1D4E3BA392B03A8A9715" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one generation per year with flight occurring in July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="77A2AD9E6F463A3A00BCB0ECBD485E0F" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Smith, pers. obs.). Broods overwinter as larvae and emerge the following summer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4455D1FE8671789C29ECF21BB6F0608" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3B04B8A778A38D803AE13B1A070F8A" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="51026DA6FB40A7D1F5C1C0E57D8E9029" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="collection notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="5EC2FE7B6B621E3A39F5C2D94AFC5CCE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Collection notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42625F4036B7EA16AB8360C29232636" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">The senior author found this species to be common in suppressed limbs and slash in Idaho.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20E66DA5BBD7DD75E2D73120EA8DF502" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="200DD17D66014883AE00EB2FE4CE1264" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="72E53916C00D0EBC2FF31CEDFA41AA58" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The lectotype does not bear a locality label.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1A72FE395CBE02633E22716DB47B476" author="Swaine, JM" journalOrPublisher="Dominion of Canada Department of Agriculture, Entomological Branch" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Canadian bark beetles part I. descriptions of new species" year="1917">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="23F3221E5F84A5A9B0F6A6288A7531D4" originalValue="Swaine’s">Swaine's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1917)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description states the lectotype was collected at Arrowhead, British Columbia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6D2392A1381F2CED90AFB3943EBF050" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
In their paper describing the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A3E5CD5AFB599DB117B03D13B060273" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84AC93425A086F8115E4625B67E21AE7" author="McMullen, LH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="416 - 426" title="Life-history and habits of Scolytustsugae (Swaine) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the interior of British Columbia." url="10.4039/Ent91416-7" volume="91" year="1959">McMullen and Atkins (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E10FFF63FDA94CAF3DBB72104BFE3110" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCD030694D84AE4A0C836599A3B820C" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on correspondence with G.R. Hopping (page 417).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="378F62B3E7C8C1F9A3DF4AF545E98B27" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="17 - 33" title="New synonymy in the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="26" year="1966">Wood (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30) formally synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="557045E4907C36F9D6A7F749F6011E1A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FE57BE27E0818F772663C78C1E2CE4E" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and later removed the species from synonymy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1CEFE71E4592972FDD3A622554703BF4" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; M.M. Furniss, pers. comm.). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="491A9F65FCF67AB561E9BB6FCF378C51" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not explicitly state that he was the author that recognized the species. These two species are closely related and have subtle morphological differences. This has led to a confusing account of both species in the literature. The majority of which seems to be applicable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B43B2DF22F654A2D2A63851F89CAF94C" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus monticolae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolae">Scolytus monticolae</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CD7FF24A077E7B6F194A9E54CFB9367" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The above diagnostic characters and different biologies readily differentiate the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |