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<mods:title id="E8B5032F62C2529CD064A643833DDF28">Redescription of the Afrotropical genus Crassabwa Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae: Protopatellata)</mods:title>
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Genus 
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Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996
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Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." captionText-10="FIGURES 51 – 55. Wings. 51 – 53, Crassabwa flava, hind wings of three individuals; 54 – 55, Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., fore and hind wings on one scale." captionText-11="FIGURES 56 – 59. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larvae. 56 – 57, female ultimolarvae; 58 – 59, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum and of abdomen of ultimolarva ready to molt to subimago (with subimaginal right cercus inside)." captionText-12="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." captionText-13="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." captionText-14="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." captionText-15="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." captionText-16="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." captionText-17="FIGURES 104 – 107. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., male genitals. 104, subimaginal genitals developing under larval cuticle; 105, exuviae of subimaginal genitals; 106, genitals of male imago, ventral view (unistyligers and gonostyli unnaturally brought together because of wrong fixation; internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines, right gonostylar muscle not shown; large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger); 107, penis enlarged, ventral view (gonoducts shown by dotted lines). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge; usg, unistyliger." captionText-18="FIGURES 108 – 113. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., eggs extracted from holotype." captionText-19="FIGURES 114 – 118. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n. 114 – 116, last instar larvae; 117 – 118, larva of penultimate instar." captionText-2="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." captionText-20="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." captionText-21="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." captionText-3="FIGURES 16 – 19. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 16, apex of fore tibia and base of tarsus (posterior view); 17, same, enlarged; 18, apex of claw; 19, claw." captionText-4="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." captionText-5="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." captionText-6="FIGURES 31 – 36. Crassabwa flava. 31 – 32, male imagoes; 33 – 34, female imagoes; 35, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 36, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process)." captionText-7="FIGURES 37 – 39. Crassabwa flava, genitals of male imago, ventral view (internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines; on right side of Fig. 37 and on Figs 38 – 39 gonostylar muscles not shown; on Fig 38 gonoducts shown by dotted lines). 37, specimen from Luangwa; 38 – 39, specimens from Great Ruaha. Arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger. Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts." captionText-8="FIGURES 40 – 44. Crassabwa flava. 40, cuticle of penis after treating by alkali (at left dorsal view, at right ventral view); 41, the same, apical view (at right hidden under unistyliger, gonostylus removed); 42, subimaginal exuviae of sternum IX and genitals; 43, subimaginal gonostyli; 44, imaginal gonostylus developing under subimaginal cuticle. Large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger. Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; m. gv, apodemes of gonovectal muscle; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge." captionText-9="FIGURES 45 – 50. Crassabwa flava, eggs." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/1059201/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/1059203/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/1059215/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/1059217/files/figure.png" httpUri-19="https://zenodo.org/record/1059219/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" httpUri-20="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" httpUri-21="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1059187/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/1059193/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/1059195/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/1059197/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/1059199/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 1–132</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF74FC5DFEE133A6" box="[151,265,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FEECFC5DFD8833A6" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[271,608,977,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 236
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. Type species 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FEFCFC7CFD833447" authority="Crass 1947" authorityName="Crass" authorityYear="1947" box="[287,619,1008,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FEFCFC7CFE183447" box="[287,496,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Centroptilum flavum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FE15FC7CFD833447" author="Crass" box="[502,619,1008,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
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.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C369845095A28FF74FBBEFF023506" blockId="1.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF74FBBEFDC7340A" bold="true" box="[151,559,1074,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
Systematic position of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FE49FBBEFDC0340A" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[426,552,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FE49FBBEFDC0340A" bold="true" box="[426,552,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FDDBFBBFFD5E340A" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[568,694,1075,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FDDBFBBFFD5E340A" box="[568,694,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the plesiomorphon Protopatellata 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FB22FBBEFF3A342E" author="Kluge" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A. (2011) Systematics of the mayfly taxon Acentrella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of new Asian and African species. Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="2011">Kluge &amp; Novikova 2011</bibRefCitation>
. Within this plesiomorphon, it is most closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FC86FBDBFAC4342E" ID-CoL="7QGR" authority="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998 a" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[869,1324,1110,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FC86FBDBFC40342F" box="[869,936,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Susua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FC51FBDAFAC4342E" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[946,1324,1110,1135]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998 a) The Centroptiloides complex of Afrotropical small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.1.1" type="journal article" year="1998" yearSuffix="a">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Previous descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FEA7FBF7FE6F34D3" ID-CoL="7QGR" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[324,391,1147,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FEA7FBF7FE6F34D3" box="[324,391,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contain errors, which will be corrected in a separate paper. In the present paper, we compare 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FF74FB12FEFD34F7" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,277,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF74FB12FEFD34F7" box="[151,277,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FEB5FB13FE7134F7" ID-CoL="7QGR" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[342,409,1183,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FEB5FB13FE7134F7" box="[342,409,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on our examination of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FD0FFB13FA8434F6" authority="(Wuillot in Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993 b)" baseAuthorityName="Wuillot in Wuillot &amp; Gillies" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[748,1388,1182,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niandanense">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FD0FFB13FC2C34F7" box="[748,964,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Susua niandanense</emphasis>
(Wuillot in 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FBACFB12FA8C34F6" author="Wuillot" box="[1103,1380,1182,1207]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T. (1993 b) New species of Afroptilum (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera) from West Africa. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale, 26 (4), 269 - 277." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FF74FB4FFE05349A" authority="(Gillies 2001)" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Gillies" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[151,493,1218,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sigiense" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF74FB4FFED7349B" box="[151,319,1219,1242]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Susua sigiense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FEB0FB4EFE0D349A" author="Gillies" box="[339,485,1218,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Gillies, M. T. (2001) New species of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from the Upper River Sigi, Usambara, Tanzania. Journal of Natural History, 35, 23 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229301447862" type="journal article" year="2001">Gillies 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F145095A28FE1BFB4EFD8B349A" box="[504,611,1218,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FE1BFB4EFD8B349A" bold="true" box="[504,611,1218,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">comb. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FC68FB4FFB63349B" ID-CoL="5XQV5" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="2001" box="[907,1163,1219,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sigiense">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FC68FB4FFB63349B" box="[907,1163,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Cheleocloeon sigiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Among characters of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FF74FB6AFEFD34BF" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,277,1254,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF74FB6AFEFD34BF" box="[151,277,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed below, setation of larval femur [character (12)] and structure of larval claw [character (19)] are common for 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FECCFA87FE453562" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[303,429,1291,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FECCFA87FE453562" box="[303,429,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FE0FFA87FDC73563" ID-CoL="7QGR" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[492,559,1291,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FE0FFA87FDC73563" box="[492,559,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and probably represent apomorphies for the lineage comprising these two genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC89651345095A2BFF24FADEFC623221" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F42C369845095A28FF24FADEFC45365E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF24FADEFD8E352A" bold="true" box="[199,614,1362,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
Annotated diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FE02FADEFDB7352A" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[481,607,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FE02FADEFDB7352A" bold="true" box="[481,607,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This diagnosis is based on three species, 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FBD8FADFFB7C352A" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1083,1172,1363,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FBD8FADFFB7C352A" box="[1083,1172,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FB41FADFFACD352A" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1186,1317,1363,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FB41FADFFACD352A" box="[1186,1317,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F145095A28FACFFADEFA85352A" box="[1324,1389,1362,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FACFFADEFA85352A" bold="true" box="[1324,1389,1362,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FF74FAFBFEFB35CF" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,275,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF74FAFBFEFB35CF" box="[151,275,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F145095A28FEFFFAFAFEB635CE" box="[284,350,1398,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FEFFFAFAFEB635CE" bold="true" box="[284,350,1398,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
described below. In all three species, last instar larva has peculiar structure of the first pair of tergalii, which allows to distinguish it from all other taxa [see (25)]. Another peculiar larval character is presence of a pair of projections on the anterior margin of tenth tergum [see (28)]. Winged stages can be distinguished from other taxa by shape of hind wing [see (21)] (known for all three species) and presence of inner projection on male unistyliger [see (31)] (known only for 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FDA6F98BFD77365F" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[581,671,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FDA6F98BFD77365F" box="[581,671,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FD37F98BFCBF365F" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[724,855,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FD37F98BFCBF365F" box="[724,855,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F145095A28FCBDF98AFC76365E" box="[862,926,1542,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FCBDF98AFC76365E" bold="true" box="[862,926,1542,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C369845095A28FF24F9A6FAC3378E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FF24F9A6FD8D3602" bold="true" box="[199,613,1578,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">(1) Cuticular coloration of larva.</emphasis>
Larvae of all three species of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FC00F9A7FB893602" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[995,1121,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FC00F9A7FB893602" box="[995,1121,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have contrasting cuticular coloration consisted of dark areas (varying from ocher to greenish brown or dark brown) and light blanks (varying from colorless to ocher): Head at most part dark, between eyes with composite blanks corresponding to places of attachment of mandibular muscles (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FDC4F91AFD8736EE" box="[551,623,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FD98F91AFD7136EE" box="[635,665,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">61</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FD46F91AFD3A36EE" box="[677,722,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 114 – 118" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 114 – 118. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n. 114 – 116, last instar larvae; 117 – 118, larva of penultimate instar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059219/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">116</figureCitation>
). Thoracic terga at most part dark, with composite blanks (in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FA61F91BFF123692" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FA61F91BFF123692" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F145095A28FEE2F936FEAA3692" box="[257,322,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FEE2F936FEAA3692" bold="true" box="[257,322,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FE98F937FE1E3692" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[379,502,1723,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FE98F937FE1E3692" box="[379,502,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F145095A28FE1DF936FDD73692" box="[510,575,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FE1DF936FDD73692" bold="true" box="[510,575,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
blanks of pronotum and mesonotum often with darkening inside – 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FAA2F936FA7F3692" box="[1345,1431,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 62</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FF74F953FF2D36B6" box="[151,197,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">124</figureCitation>
). Abdominal terga with paired medioanterior and medioposterior sigilla forming contrasting blanks; coloration of terga is either similar on all abdominal segments (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FD1BF88EFCAA375A" box="[760,834,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FCB1F88EFC98375A" box="[850,880,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 59" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1957,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 59. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larvae. 56 – 57, female ultimolarvae; 58 – 59, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum and of abdomen of ultimolarva ready to molt to subimago (with subimaginal right cercus inside)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059203/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">57</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FC9DF88EFC75375A" box="[894,925,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">60</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FC49F88EFC3E375A" box="[938,982,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 114 – 118" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 114 – 118. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n. 114 – 116, last instar larvae; 117 – 118, larva of penultimate instar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059219/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">116</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FC07F88FFBF8375A" box="[996,1040,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">119</figureCitation>
), or different on different segment (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FF7CF8AAFEEE377E" box="[159,262,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FEF0F8AAFEB4377E" box="[275,348,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 59" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1957,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 59. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larvae. 56 – 57, female ultimolarvae; 58 – 59, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum and of abdomen of ultimolarva ready to molt to subimago (with subimaginal right cercus inside)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059203/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">56, 59</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FE89F8ABFE26377E" box="[362,462,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 114 – 118" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 114 – 118. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n. 114 – 116, last instar larvae; 117 – 118, larva of penultimate instar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059219/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">114, 115</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B6945095A28FE38F8ABFDB5377E" author="Crass" box="[475,605,1831,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FD8AF8AAFD22377E" box="[617,714,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
); in most cases cuticular pigmentation on terga VII–VIII is less intensive than on terga III–VI and IX (the same in 
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FD2FF8C7FCF23723" box="[716,794,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Sususa</emphasis>
). Abdominal sterna either all colorless or poorly colored, or sternum IX partly or completely colored with brown. Legs at most part colorless, with variously expressed diffusive brown markings on femur, proximal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FB24F81EFACB37EA" box="[1223,1315,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). Caudalii proximally and distally light or colorless, dark brown at middle (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FC88F83AFC27378E" box="[875,975,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FC3FF83AFBA7378E" box="[988,1103,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 59" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1957,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 59. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larvae. 56 – 57, female ultimolarvae; 58 – 59, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum and of abdomen of ultimolarva ready to molt to subimago (with subimaginal right cercus inside)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059203/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">56, 57, 59</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FBB9F83AFB90378E" box="[1114,1144,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">60</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FB67F83BFB0E378E" box="[1156,1254,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 114 – 118" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 114 – 118. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n. 114 – 116, last instar larvae; 117 – 118, larva of penultimate instar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059219/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">114–117</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D45095A28FB11F83BFAF7378E" box="[1266,1311,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">119</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C369845095A2BFF24F856FAFF31C6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1074,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
Cuticle of fore protoptera of last instar larva has species-specific coloration: in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B45095A28FBA7F857FB7437B2" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1092,1180,2011,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A45095A28FBA7F857FB7437B2" box="[1092,1180,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it has dark lines along longitudinal convex veins and blanks along longitudinal concave veins, without color markings on cross veins (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFA8CFF1BFF403095" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFF38FF30FEB63095" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[219,350,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF38FF30FEB63095" box="[219,350,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFE85FF30FE4E3094" box="[358,422,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE85FF30FE4E3094" bold="true" box="[358,422,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFE3EFF30FDB03095" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[477,600,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE3EFF30FDB03095" box="[477,600,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFDBCFF30FD773094" box="[607,671,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFDBCFF30FD773094" bold="true" box="[607,671,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
it has dark lines along all longitudinal and cross veins (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFAF5FF30FA703094" box="[1302,1432,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 59" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1957,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 59. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larvae. 56 – 57, female ultimolarvae; 58 – 59, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum and of abdomen of ultimolarva ready to molt to subimago (with subimaginal right cercus inside)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059203/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 56–58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFF74FF53FF5E30B9" box="[151,182,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">62</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFF21FF53FEC030B9" box="[194,296,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 114 – 118" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 114 – 118. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n. 114 – 116, last instar larvae; 117 – 118, larva of penultimate instar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059219/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">114–116</figureCitation>
). This coloration occurs on the larval cuticle, so it is retained unchanged during all last larval instar, and does not depend upon hypoderm with veins, which is gradually transformed to subimaginal wing; only shortly before molt to subimago the cuticular coloration of protopteron becomes poorly visible on background of the dark subimaginal wing crumpled inside. This species-specific character is present only in the last larval instar; in previous instars, coloration of protoptera of all three species is the same as in the last instar of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFB54FEFCFAF831C9" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1207,1296,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFB54FEFCFAF831C9" box="[1207,1296,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FE18FC623221" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24FE18FD5731EC" bold="true" box="[199,703,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(2) Hypodermal coloration of all stages.</emphasis>
Larva, subimago and imago has more or less expressed red hypodermal pigmentation, whose color varies from light orange to dark red or nearly black: in larva this coloration is either absent (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFEBDFE50FE4D31B5" box="[350,421,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), or present as reddish markings visible through cuticle (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFBB0FE50FB5631B5" box="[1107,1214,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
); in subimago this hypodermal coloration is always present, but can be poorly visible through brown subimaginal cuticle; in imago this hypodermal coloration is well visible, so that imagoes of both sexes are intensively colored by orange and red, especially in dorsal half of the body (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFDD4FDCBFD503221" box="[567,696,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Crassabwa flava. 31 – 32, male imagoes; 33 – 34, female imagoes; 35, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 36, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059193/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 31–34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFD27FDCBFC963221" box="[708,894,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 96 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">96–97, 100–101</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450A5A2AFF24FDE1FBA03581" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FDE1FBD8331D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
In 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFF06FDE0FED632C5" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[229,318,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF06FDE0FED632C5" box="[229,318,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFE97FDE0FE1F32C5" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[372,503,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE97FDE0FE1F32C5" box="[372,503,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFE1DFDE0FDD632C4" box="[510,574,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE1DFDE0FDD632C4" bold="true" box="[510,574,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
cerci of imago have red hypodermal coloration in proximal part (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFAFEFDE0FA9832C5" box="[1309,1392,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Crassabwa flava. 31 – 32, male imagoes; 33 – 34, female imagoes; 35, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 36, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059193/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). In immature larva (including beginning of last larval instar) red hypodermal coloration, if present in some parts of the body, is never present in caudalii (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFDF9FD38FDB3328D" box="[538,603,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); during development of last instar larva, when tissues of paracercus start to degenerate, and tissues of cerci start to transform into subimaginal cerci, proximal parts of cerci get red hypodermal coloration (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFE49FD70FDF93355" box="[426,529,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFDC3FD70FDA83354" box="[544,576,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 59" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1957,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,301,1936]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 59. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larvae. 56 – 57, female ultimolarvae; 58 – 59, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum and of abdomen of ultimolarva ready to molt to subimago (with subimaginal right cercus inside)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059203/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">59</figureCitation>
). In subimago this red hypodermal coloration of proximal parts of cerci is retained, but can be invisible through dark brown subimaginal cuticle of cerci. Imaginal cuticle of cerci is colorless, so red coloration of their proximal parts is well visible (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCE4FCC8FC6F331D" box="[775,903,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Crassabwa flava. 31 – 32, male imagoes; 33 – 34, female imagoes; 35, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 36, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059193/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 31, 32</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFC70FCC8FBCA331D" box="[915,1058,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 96 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">97, 100, 101</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FCEBFDAA3389" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Winged stages of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFE7EFCE4FDF333C1" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[413,539,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE7EFCE4FDF333C1" box="[413,539,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFDC5FCEBFD8233C1" box="[550,618,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFDC5FCEBFD8233C1" bold="true" box="[550,618,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are unknown; a single examined mature male larva ready to molt to subimago, has no red coloration of cerci (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFD89FC00FD2333E5" box="[618,715,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
), that allows to conclude that winged stages of this species have no red coloration of cerci (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FC58FEB13451" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24FC58FE6233AC" bold="true" box="[199,394,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(3) Larval frons.</emphasis>
Bases of antennae are widely separated, frons between them is flat (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFB63FC58FB2A33AD" box="[1152,1218,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) (unlike carinate in some other taxa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FB90FC843474" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,876,1052,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24FB90FE1A3474" bold="true" box="[199,498,1052,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(4) Larval frontal suture.</emphasis>
Frontal suture elongate (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCE9FB90FCB63474" box="[778,862,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FBB3FB09343D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24FBB3FEB33419" bold="true" box="[199,347,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(5) Labrum.</emphasis>
Labrum nearly semicircular with median incision; dorsal surface with pair of submedian setae and one or two pairs of latero-distal setae (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFD97FBE8FD23343D" box="[628,715,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 71</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFD34FBE8FCEC343D" box="[727,772,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">129</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450A5A2BFCF3FBE8FB6D343C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[784,1157,1124,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFB6CFBE8FB38343D" box="[1167,1232,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FB0BFD5835DC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24FB0BFE9D34E1" bold="true" box="[199,373,1159,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(6) Mandibles.</emphasis>
In all three species, incisor and kinetodontium are fused at most length; left prostheca with 4 blunt processes and 3–5 small pointed processes more or less fused together; right prostheca nearly parallel-sided, apically obliquely truncated and divided to several processes terminated at one line (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFBA8FB43FB5834A9" box="[1099,1200,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFB5FFB43FAED34A9" box="[1212,1285,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">69–70</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFAF3FB43FAB134A9" box="[1296,1369,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 83" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">76–82</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFA87FB5CFF2C354D" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">127– 128</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450A5A2BFF2CFB78FEB8354D" author="Crass" box="[207,336,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFEB9FB78FE39354C" box="[346,465,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 21f–g</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450A5A2BFE3FFB78FCA7354C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[476,847,1268,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCBAFB78FC51354D" box="[857,953,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3–4</figureCitation>
). In other respects structure of mandibles is species-specific: In 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFE9FFA94FDEA3571" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[380,514,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE9FFA94FDEA3571" box="[380,514,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFDEFFA9BFDA63571" box="[524,590,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFDEFFA9BFDA63571" bold="true" box="[524,590,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFD68FA94FCE03571" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[651,776,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFD68FA94FCE03571" box="[651,776,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFCF1FA9BFCBC3571" box="[786,852,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFCF1FA9BFCBC3571" bold="true" box="[786,852,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
structure of molae of both mandibles is markedly different from that of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFE75FAB0FE193515" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[406,497,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFE75FAB0FE193515" box="[406,497,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFD92FAB0FD3B3514" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[625,723,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
(see below). In 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFC70FAB0FC073515" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[915,1007,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFC70FAB0FC073515" box="[915,1007,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFBC8FAB0FB4F3515" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1067,1191,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFBC8FAB0FB4F3515" box="[1067,1191,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFB52FAB0FB1B3514" box="[1201,1267,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFB52FAB0FB1B3514" bold="true" box="[1201,1267,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
setae between prostheca and mola are present only on right mandible (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCE7FAD3FC803539" box="[772,872,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFC97FAECFC323539" box="[884,986,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">127–128</figureCitation>
), but in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFBD0FAECFB5E3539" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1075,1206,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFBD0FAECFB5E3539" box="[1075,1206,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450A5A2BFB5FFAD3FB133539" box="[1212,1275,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFB5FFAD3FB133539" bold="true" box="[1212,1275,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
such setae are present on both mandibles (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFE2FFA08FDA635DC" box="[460,590,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 69–70</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFDBAFA08FD4C35DC" box="[601,676,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 83" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">76–82</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24FA25FEC33611" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
In 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFF04FA24FE8D3581" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[231,357,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF04FA24FE8D3581" box="[231,357,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as in many other taxa, denticles of mandibles are often worn down; in order to study the real shape of mandibles, it is necessary to take a just molted larva; to be absolutely sure that mandibles are not worn down, one can examine mandibles just before molt to the next larval instar (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFBE0FA63FB823649" box="[1027,1130,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFB9BFA7CFB2B3649" box="[1144,1219,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 83" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">78–79</figureCitation>
). This examination testifies that right prostheca, whose processes looks as cut off, really has such shape (see 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFB5DF998FA98366D" box="[1214,1392,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 83" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 79 and 82</figureCitation>
for comparison).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24F9D0FDF036A1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24F9D0FE8C3634" bold="true" box="[199,356,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(7) Maxillae.</emphasis>
Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFE3EF9D0FDD23635" box="[477,570,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 72</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFDAFF9D0FD913635" box="[588,633,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">130</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450A5A2BFD68F9D0FBFA3634" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[651,1042,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFBC0F9D0FB823634" box="[1059,1130,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) has all 3 canines and 3 dentisetae; distal dentiseta much thicker than others, but bent at the same direction as others; among several setae proximad of dentisetae, 1 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450A5A2BFE53F928FE1D36FD" box="[432,501,1700,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="one">st one</taxonomicName>
either simple as others (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCE4F928FCA336FC" box="[775,843,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), or bifid, resembling dentiseta and possibly consists of two setae fused at base (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFE26F94BFDE136A1" box="[453,521,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2BFF24F960FAA93768" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24F960FE423744" bold="true" box="[199,426,1772,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(8) Maxillary palp.</emphasis>
Maxillary palp 2-segmented; 2nd segment thick, with short and narrow apical projection (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFF7CF883FF1D3769" box="[159,245,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 72</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFEE2F89CFEC63769" box="[257,302,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">130</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450A5A2BFED9F883FD473769" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[314,687,1807,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFD59F883FD143769" box="[698,764,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), which possibly represents vestige of 3rd segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450A5A2AFF24F8B8FC02315C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450A5A2BFF24F8B8FEBD370C" bold="true" box="[199,341,1844,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">(9) Labium.</emphasis>
Paraglossa slightly wider than glossa (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCEBF8B8FCB8370C" box="[776,848,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFCBFF8B8FC92370D" box="[860,890,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">74</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFC65F8B8FC4C370D" box="[902,932,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 83" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">83</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450A5A2BFC53F8B8FC35370D" box="[944,989,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">131</figureCitation>
). Setal rows on glossae and paraglossae as in many other taxa: Glossa with following setal rows: median row (regular row of spine-like setae along median margin); dorso-lateral row (regular row along lateral margin, with setal bases visible in dorsal view); ventral side of glossa bears setae directed ventrally, which are located irregularly in the proximal part of the glossa and form a ventro-median row (sparse row parallel to median margin). Paraglossa with following setal rows: latero-apical setae (longest ones) form a regular sparse row along lateral margin, more densely and irregularly located on apical margin, and irregularly located on dorsal side; ventro-median row (regular row of long slender straight setae attached on ventral side and directed mainly medially); dorso-median row (regular row of thicker setae attached on dorsal side and directed medio-distally, limited by distal half of paraglossa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FEABFD2631EC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24FEABFE783101" bold="true" box="[199,400,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(10) Labial palp.</emphasis>
2nd segment forms prominent inner-apical projection, which can be markedly thinner than 3rd segment or subequal to it (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE10FEC0FDD63124" box="[499,574,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFDA8FEC0FD7C3125" box="[587,660,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">73, 74</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFD42FEC0FD573125" box="[673,703,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 83" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 83. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 76 – 77, right and left mandibles; 78 – 79, biting edges of left and right mandibles of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside; 80 – 82, biting edges of left and right mandibles of ultimolarva; 83, exuviae of labium with focus on ventral side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059209/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">83</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFD2EFEC0FD133125" box="[717,763,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">131</figureCitation>
). 2nd segment contains well-developed muscle-adductor of 3rd segment. Muscle-abductor of 2nd segment is attached at median groove of submentum (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFB49FEE3FB0631C9" box="[1194,1262,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFF74FE18FF3231EA" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,218,404,427]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF74FE18FF3231EA" box="[151,218,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where it is attached at base of submentum).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FE3BFBAA327D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24FE3BFE193191" bold="true" box="[199,497,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(11) Postsubalar sclerite.</emphasis>
Postsubalare has posterior-dorsal corner stretched to a thin process with concave dorsal margin (this is similar to Cloeonini, but differs from 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFCACFE50FC7A31B2" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[847,914,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFCACFE50FC7A31B2" box="[847,914,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and many other taxa, whose posterior-dorsal process is wider, with convex dorsal margin). Postsubalare has the same shape in imago and subimago; it is well visible on subimaginal exuviae due to contrasting cuticular coloration (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFC50FDA8FBE2327C" box="[947,1034,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Crassabwa flava. 31 – 32, male imagoes; 33 – 34, female imagoes; 35, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 36, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059193/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 36</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFBF6FDA8FBDD327D" box="[1045,1077,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 96 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">98</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FDCBFC003355" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24FDCBFE4B3221" bold="true" box="[199,419,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(12) Larval femur.</emphasis>
Outer margin of each femur bears one row of stout elongate spatulate colorless setae; near apex of femur locates one subapical seta, which has the same structure as other setae of this row, but usually is somewhat shorter and separated from nearest seta by a distance greater than other distances between setae of this row (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFF30FD38FEBF328D" box="[211,343,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 10–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE86FD38FE6B328C" box="[357,387,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">64</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE72FD38FE58328C" box="[401,432,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">67</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE5EFD38FE01328D" box="[445,489,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">122</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE1BFD38FDCD328C" box="[504,549,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">125</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFDD0FD38FC47328C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[563,943,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFC5FFD38FBE9328D" box="[956,1025,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The same in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFB4CFD38FB1A328A" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1199,1266,692,715]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFB4CFD38FB1A328A" box="[1199,1266,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in most other 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFF74FD5BFF1132B1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,249,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
larval femur either has two subapical setae brought together, or no recognizable subapical seta. Probably, presence of one subapical seta is a synapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFD09FD70FC803355" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[746,872,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFD09FD70FC803355" box="[746,872,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFC7DFD70FC093352" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[926,993,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFC7DFD70FC093352" box="[926,993,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FC93FE673389" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24FC93FE183379" bold="true" box="[199,496,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(13) Patella-tibial suture.</emphasis>
In larvae of both sexes and in female at all stages (larva, subimago and imago) fore tibia without patella-tibial suture, middle and hind tibia with patella-tibial suture; in other respects tibiae of all legs have similar structure (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE47FCEBFDC333C1" box="[420,555,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
). This is typical for the plesiomorphon Protopatellata, to which 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFAFDFCE4FA7433C1" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1310,1436,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFAFDFCE4FA7433C1" box="[1310,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs. In larva, patella-tibial suture is stretched far along tibia, so that crosses inner side of tibia at distal part (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFF7CFC23FEF73389" box="[159,287,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 11–12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFEC9FC23FEA13389" box="[298,329,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">64</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFEB7FC3CFE6A3389" box="[340,386,944,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">122</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FC58FB2F34E1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24FC58FDC033AC" bold="true" box="[199,552,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(14) Fine setae on larval tibia.</emphasis>
Outer side of tibia near base is crossed by a row of fine colorless setae: portion of this row located on posterior side of tibia is transverse (this transverse portion was erroneously figured on anterior side of tibia by 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFE4FFB90FCCF3474" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[428,807,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFCD0FB90FC913475" box="[819,889,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Crassabwa flava. 5, labium (at left ventral view, with muscles of glossa, paraglossa and palp shown by interrupted lines; at right dorsal view); 6, apex of maxilla, dorsal view; 7, dentisetae and setae of inner-dorsal row of another individual; 8 and 9, left and right mandible of penultimolarva with developing ultimolarval mandibles inside. Abbreviations: ds 1, ds 2, ds 3, dentisetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059183/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); portion of this row located on anterior side of tibia is oblique, on middle and hind tibia stretching along patella-tibial suture (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFBE0FBB3FBBD3419" box="[1027,1109,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); setae of the same kind as in this row, are sparsely and irregularly arranged along posterior side of tibia and tarsus of all legs. In 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFB13FBE8FA9B343D" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1264,1395,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFB13FBE8FA9B343D" box="[1264,1395,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450B5A2AFA99FBE8FF4634E1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFA99FBE8FF4634E1" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFF07FB04FEB534E1" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[228,349,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF07FB04FEB534E1" box="[228,349,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450B5A2AFE87FB0BFE4C34E1" box="[356,420,1159,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFE87FB0BFE4C34E1" bold="true" box="[356,420,1159,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
these setae are simple, in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFD2BFB04FCC934E1" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[712,801,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFD2BFB04FCC934E1" box="[712,801,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all these setae are bifurcate (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFB84FB0BFB5234E1" box="[1127,1210,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FB20FC3B3514" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
Based on the presence of arched row of setae on tibia, 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFC9DFB20FAC33484" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[894,1323,1196,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
regarded 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFF74FB5CFEFD34A9" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,277,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF74FB5CFEFD34A9" box="[151,277,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be related with 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFE12FB5CFD0634A9" authority="Traver 1938" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1938" box="[497,750,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFE12FB5CFDB234A9" box="[497,602,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Cloeodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFD80FB5DFD0634A9" author="Traver" box="[611,750,1232,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Traver, J. R. (1938) Mayflies of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 22, 5 - 42, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1938">Traver 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and placed them to the « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFBF6FB5CFB9634A9" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1938" box="[1045,1150,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFBF6FB5CFB9634A9" box="[1045,1150,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Cloeodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex», together with 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFF74FB78FD54354C" authority="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996 a" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,700,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dabulamanzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF74FB78FED4354D" box="[151,316,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Dabulamanzia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFEA6FB78FD54354C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[325,700,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 a) The composition of Dabulamanzia, a new genus of Afrotropical Baetidae (Ephemeroptera), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 132 (1), 7 - 13." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFD2EFB78FBA4354C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[717,1100,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998 b) Phylogeny and biogeography of Nesydemius, n. gen., and related Afrotropical genera (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 134 (1), 7 - 12." type="journal article" year="1998" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998b</bibRefCitation>
). Actually, such setae form a row on proximal part of tibia in various taxa of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFD2BFA9BFCC53571" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[712,813,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
, including well-known Cloeonini (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFB5DFA9BFEAA3515" author="Kluge" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A. (1992) [Revision of the Palaearctic genera and subgenera of mayflies of the subfamily Cloeoninae (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) with description of new species from the USSR]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie (Revue d'Entomologie de l'URSS), 71 (1), 60 - 83. [in Russian, English translation: Entomological Review, 71 (9), 29 - 54]" type="journal article" year="1992">
Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFF3EFAB0FEAA3515" box="[221,322,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
); this is considered a plesiomorphy by 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFD1BFAB0FC273514" box="[760,975,1340,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Salles, F. F., Gattolliat, J. - L. &amp; Sartori, M. (2016) Phylogenetic analyses of Cloeodes Traver and related genera (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Systematic Entomology, 41 (1), 93 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12144" type="journal article">
Salles 
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFCA1FAB1FC9B3515" box="[834,883,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FAD3FBA03581" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24FAD3FD6D3539" bold="true" box="[199,645,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(15) Apical setal patch on larval tibia.</emphasis>
Small, arched setae, which are dispersed over larval leg, are especially dense on apex of inner (ventral) side of tibia, forming here a setal patch. Size of this setal patch varies individually; it is either limited by apical portion of tibia (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFD6BFA2BFCF93581" box="[648,785,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1418,1441]" captionTargetBox="[175,1409,228,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1397]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 16, apex of fore tibia and base of tarsus (posterior view); 17, same, enlarged; 18, apex of claw; 19, claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059187/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
), or is stretched along tibia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450B5A2AFF24FA40FD7E3634" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24FA40FB94366D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
Besides 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFECBFA40FE4E35A5" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[296,422,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFECBFA40FE4E35A5" box="[296,422,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such setal patch is present also in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFCA4FA40FC6235A2" ID-CoL="7QGR" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[839,906,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFCA4FA40FC6235A2" box="[839,906,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFC25FA40FB8335A5" ID-CoL="3Z86" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[966,1131,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dabulamanzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFC25FA40FB8335A5" box="[966,1131,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Dabulamanzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; more compact and dense setal patch on the same place is present in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFD73FA7CFC093649" ID-CoL="62JV6" authority="Lestage 1918" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1918" box="[656,993,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFD73FA7CFCD53649" box="[656,829,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFCA4FA7DFC093649" author="Lestage" box="[839,993,1520,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Lestage, J. - A. (1918) Les Ephemeres d'Afrique (Notes critiques sur les especes connues). Revue Zoologique Africaine, 6, 65 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19452" type="journal article" year="1918">Lestage 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFBFDFA7CFF3B366D" ID-CoL="44HT" authority="Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1994" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dicentroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFBFDFA7CFB203649" box="[1054,1224,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Dicentroptilum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450B5A2AFB31FA63FF3B366D" author="Wuillot" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T. (1994) Dicentroptilum, a new genus of mayflies (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera) from Africa. Aquatic Insects, 16 (3), 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1994">Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; setae of the same type are constantly present on the same place in some other taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24F9BBFD7E3634" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24F9BBFDDE3611" bold="true" box="[199,566,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(16) Stout setae on larval tibia.</emphasis>
Outer side of tibia and tarsus have no stout setae; outer-apical seta of tibia is absent as well (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFEA0F9D0FE2C3635" box="[323,452,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE2CF9D0FE053634" box="[463,493,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">64</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFE1AF9D0FDF03634" box="[505,536,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">67</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFDC7F9D0FDB83635" box="[548,592,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">122</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFDBFF9D0FD623634" box="[604,650,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">125</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450B5A2CFF24F9F3FBFD3571" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="description">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24F9F3FD0E3769" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24F9F3FD1736D9" bold="true" box="[199,767,1663,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(17) Imaginal and subimaginal tibia and tarsus.</emphasis>
In all 3 species described below, in imago and subimago of both sexes tibia of each leg with more or less prominent inner-apical projection (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFBC3F928FB6A36FD" box="[1056,1154,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 96 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
). Tarsus moderately long (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFF7CF94BFEAF36A1" box="[159,327,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[175,1419,409,1930]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Crassabwa flava. 31 – 32, male imagoes; 33 – 34, female imagoes; 35, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 36, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059193/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 31, 32, 34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFEB0F944FE0936A1" box="[339,481,1736,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 96 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">97, 101, 102</figureCitation>
). Middle and hind legs of both sexes and on fore leg of female have 2 apical spines on 2nd and 3rd primary tarsomeres; 3rd apical spine, located on 4th primary tarsomere (penultimate one) either present, or absent on individual legs (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFDD9F883FD483769" box="[570,672,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 96 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[163,1407,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 96 – 103. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 96 – 97, female imagoes; 98, postsubalar sclerite of subimaginal exuviae (arrow shows concavity of dorsal margin of posterior-dorsal process); 99, half of exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum; 100 – 101, male imago; 102, fragment of fore leg of male imago with apex of tibia and 1 st and 2 nd tarsomeres; 103, apex of tibia and tarsus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 103</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450B5A2AFD48F89CFD313769" box="[683,729,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 119 – 124" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 119 – 124. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., holotype. 119, larval exuviae of abdominal terga and caudalii; 120 – 121, abdomen and cercus of male subimago extracted from larva; 122, larval hind leg with subimaginal leg inside (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 123, subimaginal hind wing extracted from larva; 124, larval exuviae of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059221/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">122</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2AFF24F8B8FAEA3731" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24F8B8FD4B370C" bold="true" box="[199,675,1844,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(18) Microlepides on subimaginal tarsi.</emphasis>
In all 3 species described below, all tarsal segments of all legs of both sexes are covered by pointed microlepides. The same in most 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFC65F8DBFC003731" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[902,1000,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
other than Baetungulata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450B5A2DFF24F8F0FC7030B9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFF24F8F0FE6737D4" bold="true" box="[199,399,1916,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">(19) Larval claw.</emphasis>
Claw with two regular rows of denticles, among which two most distal denticles of each row are enlarged and shifted toward sides of claw. These two rows of denticles (anterior and posterior rows) are located symmetrically on inner side of the claw; in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFD40F848FCC3379D" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[675,811,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFD40F848FCC3379D" box="[675,811,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450B5A2AFCD5F849FC83379D" box="[822,875,1989,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450B5A2AFC49F848FBC1379D" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[938,1065,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFC49F848FBC1379D" box="[938,1065,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450B5A2AFBD7F848FB90379C" box="[1076,1144,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450B5A2AFBD7F848FB90379C" bold="true" box="[1076,1144,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
they are also symmetric regarding size of their denticles (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFDE4FF1BFDB630F1" box="[519,606,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 66</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFD89FF1BFD6130F1" box="[618,649,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">95</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFD77FF1BFD2930F1" box="[660,705,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1740,1763]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,184,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[164,1411,171,1705]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Crassabwa ameliae sp. n., larva. 125, fore leg (anterior view); 126, claw; 127 – 128, right and left mandibles, ventral view; 129, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 130, maxilla; 131, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 132, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059223/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">126</figureCitation>
), but in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFCFEFF14FC9D30F1" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[797,885,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFCFEFF14FC9D30F1" box="[797,885,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
two distal denticles of the anterior row are large, while two distal denticles of the posterior row are twice smaller (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFC9FFF30FC3D3094" box="[892,981,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFC01FF30FBC43095" box="[994,1068,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1418,1441]" captionTargetBox="[175,1409,228,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1397]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 16, apex of fore tibia and base of tarsus (posterior view); 17, same, enlarged; 18, apex of claw; 19, claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059187/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">18–19</figureCitation>
). On individual claws instead of two large distal denticles, there is larger number of thinner denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FE88FE7A31C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
Besides 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFEC6FE88FE4B315D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[293,419,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFEC6FE88FE4B315D" box="[293,419,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two distal denticles in each of two rows are enlarged and shifted laterally in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFAE4FE88FAA2315A" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1287,1354,260,283]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFAE4FE88FAA2315A" box="[1287,1354,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that is a possible synapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFE3BFEA4FDBE3101" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[472,598,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFE3BFEA4FDBE3101" box="[472,598,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFD6FFEA4FD27317E" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[652,719,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFD6FFEA4FD27317E" box="[652,719,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, two enlarged distal denticles in each of two rows are found in some other taxa, e.g. in selected species of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFD13FEC0FC623125" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[752,906,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFD13FEC0FC623125" box="[752,906,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFC78FEC0FB5C3125" author="Kluge" box="[923,1204,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2016) Redescription of the genus Cheleocloeon Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) with descriptions of three new species from Zambia and Uganda. Zootaxa, 4067 (2), 135 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
Kluge 2016: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFBD1FEC0FB613125" box="[1074,1161,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFB74FEC0FB5C3125" box="[1175,1204,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 39" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,208,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 39. Crassabwa flava, genitals of male imago, ventral view (internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines; on right side of Fig. 37 and on Figs 38 – 39 gonostylar muscles not shown; on Fig 38 gonoducts shown by dotted lines). 37, specimen from Luangwa; 38 – 39, specimens from Great Ruaha. Arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger. Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059195/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">37</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
) and in undescribed species of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFEEEFEFCFE6331C9" box="[269,395,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Indocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFEEEFEFCFE6331C9" box="[269,395,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Indocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF2DFE18FEF13256" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFF2DFE18FDBB31EC" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[206,595,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
overlooked posterior row of denticles on the claw of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFB4DFE18FAEF31ED" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1198,1287,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB4DFE18FAEF31ED" box="[1198,1287,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and wrongly described it as having one row of denticles. Probably because of this error, they wrongly compared 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFB05FE34FA8C3191" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1254,1380,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB05FE34FA8C3191" box="[1254,1380,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFF74FE50FED431B5" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,316,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dabulamanzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF74FE50FED431B5" box="[151,316,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Dabulamanzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has one row of denticles on larval claws (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFCBCFE50FBCD31B5" author="McCafferty" box="[863,1061,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="McCafferty, W. P. (1999) Biodiversity and biogeography: Examples from global studies of Ephemeroptera. Proceedings of the Symposium on Nature Conservation and Entomology in the 21 st Century, the Entomological Society of Korea, 1999, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1999">McCafferty 1999</bibRefCitation>
), but did not compare 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFAFDFE50FA7431B5" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1310,1436,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFAFDFE50FA7431B5" box="[1310,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFF2CFD8CFEFA3256" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[207,274,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF2CFD8CFEFA3256" box="[207,274,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FDA8FDF332C4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF24FDA8FE96327C" bold="true" box="[199,382,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">(20) Fore wing.</emphasis>
Fore wing is widest near base, gradually narrowing toward apex (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFB92FDA8FB2E327C" box="[1137,1222,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 55" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1576,1599]" captionTargetBox="[163,1430,650,1552]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,628,1555]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 55. Wings. 51 – 53, Crassabwa flava, hind wings of three individuals; 54 – 55, Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., fore and hind wings on one scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059201/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFB30FDA8FABE327D" author="Crass" box="[1235,1366,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 20d). The same in various relatively large 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFDDAFDCBFD763221" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[569,670,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
, in contrast to smaller 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFC40FDCBFBED3221" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[931,1029,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
(including 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFB6AFDC4FB24321E" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1161,1228,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB6AFDC4FB24321E" box="[1161,1228,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) whose wings are more oval and widest near middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FD03FE673355" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pterostigma of fore wing has approximately 5–20 oblique veins, which can be complete and incomplete, simple and branches, well-expressed and vestigial; several weak cross veins can be present proximad of pterostigma; one marginal intercalary of this or that length either present in each space, or absent in one or two most posterior spaces.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FC93FD883389" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF24FC93FE6D3379" bold="true" box="[199,389,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">(21) Hind wing.</emphasis>
Hind wing present in both sexes, of « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFCA2FCACFC3D3379" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[833,981,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFCA2FCACFC3D3379" box="[833,981,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type»: narrow, with fore margin nearly straight and hind margin slightly convex, with 2 longitudinal veins, with hooked costal projection; in contrast to other taxa with the « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFE9CFCE4FDFB33C1" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[383,531,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFE9CFCE4FDFB33C1" box="[383,531,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type» hind wing, in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFD1CFCE4FC9533C1" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[767,893,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFD1CFCE4FC9533C1" box="[767,893,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
costal projection is especially long and directed perpendicular to the wing (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFE2AFC00FD9F33E4" box="[457,631,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 55" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1576,1599]" captionTargetBox="[163,1430,650,1552]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,628,1555]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 55. Wings. 51 – 53, Crassabwa flava, hind wings of three individuals; 54 – 55, Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., fore and hind wings on one scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059201/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 51–53, 55</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFD66FC00FCEF33E5" author="Crass" box="[645,775,908,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFCF0FC00FC9A33E4" box="[787,882,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 20f</figureCitation>
). The same in the species originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFF74FC3CFE273389" authority="Navas 1930" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,463,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF74FC3CFEAC3386" box="[151,324,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Cloeon vitreum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFEA9FC3CFE273389" author="Navas" box="[330,463,944,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Navas, L. (1930) Insectes du Congo Belge (Serie IV). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19 (3), 305 - 336." type="journal article" year="1930">Navás 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FC58FEA3354D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF24FC58FDB733AC" bold="true" box="[199,607,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">(22) Denticles on larval abdomen.</emphasis>
In all 3 species, posterior margins of abdominal terga II–X with regular row of large, narrow, pointed denticles, which can alternate with smaller denticles (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFBB7FC7BFB423451" box="[1108,1194,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
); posterior margin of abdominal tergum I either with the same denticles, or with smaller denticles, or lack denticles (individual variability); at middle of posterior margin of tergum IX denticles either slightly diminished (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFAEEFBB3FA803419" box="[1293,1384,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
), or indistinguishable from others, never interrupted. Anterior abdominal sterna without denticles, posterior sterna (sterna VI–IX of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFEB9FB04FE5B34E1" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[346,435,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFEB9FB04FE5B34E1" box="[346,435,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or sterna V–IX of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFD71FB04FCFD34E1" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[658,789,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFD71FB04FCFD34E1" box="[658,789,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450C5A2DFCFFFB0BFCB534E1" box="[796,861,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFCFFFB0BFCB534E1" bold="true" box="[796,861,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFC77FB04FBE634E1" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[916,1038,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFC77FB04FBE634E1" box="[916,1038,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450C5A2DFBF6FB0BFBBD34E1" box="[1045,1109,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFBF6FB0BFBBD34E1" bold="true" box="[1045,1109,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) with regular row of pointed denticles smaller than denticles on terga; sternum IX of male with pointed denticles between protogonostyli and laterad of them (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFEB5FB43FE5234A9" box="[342,442,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[160,1420,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., male genitals. 104, subimaginal genitals developing under larval cuticle; 105, exuviae of subimaginal genitals; 106, genitals of male imago, ventral view (unistyligers and gonostyli unnaturally brought together because of wrong fixation; internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines, right gonostylar muscle not shown; large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger); 107, penis enlarged, ventral view (gonoducts shown by dotted lines). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge; usg, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059215/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
). Each paraproct with 6–10 large pointed denticles (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFBF2FB43FB8E34A9" box="[1041,1126,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 75" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,193,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 75. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., larva. 66, claw; 67, fore leg (anterior view); 68, paraproct; 69 – 70, right and left mandibles (ventral view); 71, labrum (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 72, maxilla; 73, labial palp (ventral view); 74, labium (at left ventral view, at right dorsal view); 75, hypopharynx and superlinguae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059207/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450C5A2DFB97FB43FF09354C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFF0FFB78FED6354D" box="[236,318,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FA9BFB743539" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF24FA9BFDDE3571" bold="true" box="[199,566,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">(23) Scales on larval abdomen.</emphasis>
Abdominal terga with numerous scales; in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFBC3FA94FB4C3571" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1056,1188,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFBC3FA94FB4C3571" box="[1056,1188,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450C5A2DFB48FA9BFB033571" box="[1195,1259,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB48FA9BFB033571" bold="true" box="[1195,1259,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFAC1FA94FA743571" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1314,1436,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFAC1FA94FA743571" box="[1314,1436,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450C5A2DFF74FAB0FF3E3514" box="[151,214,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF74FAB0FF3E3514" bold="true" box="[151,214,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
all scales are short and blunt (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFDCFFAB0FD683515" box="[556,640,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFD52FAB0FCE23515" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[689,778,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFD52FAB0FCE23515" box="[689,778,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scales vary from short and blunt to long and pointed (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFA89FAB0FF093539" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
), that is similar to scales of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFDFBFAECFDB33536" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[536,603,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFDFBFAECFDB33536" box="[536,603,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abdominal sterna with short scales only (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFBD8FAD3FB673539" box="[1083,1167,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24FA08FE1E366D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF24FA08FDE135DC" bold="true" box="[199,521,1412,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">(24) Setae on larval sterna.</emphasis>
In all three species abdominal sterna bear only sparse short setae; in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFAFBFA08FA7435DD" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1304,1436,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFAFBFA08FA7435DD" box="[1304,1436,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450C5A2DFF74FA2BFF313581" box="[151,217,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF74FA2BFF313581" bold="true" box="[151,217,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFEF7FA24FE783581" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[276,400,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFEF7FA24FE783581" box="[276,400,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450C5A2DFE79FA2BFE343581" box="[410,476,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFE79FA2BFE343581" bold="true" box="[410,476,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
all setae are simple (not bifurcate) and do not form rows; in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFB45FA24FAE93581" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1190,1281,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB45FA24FAE93581" box="[1190,1281,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
several setae located near lateral rugose convexity, are bifurcate and sometimes form irregular row, which is either nearly longitudinal (stretching laterad of the rugose convexity), or nearly transverse (stretching posteriad of the rugose convexity), or arched (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFE76F998FE01366D" box="[405,489,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1390,625,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Crassabwa flava, exuviae of larval abdomen. 20, submedian part of tergum III; 21, its part, enlarged; 22, anterior-lateral part of sternum III with lateral rugose convexity and bifurcate setae laterad and posteriad of it (scale as on Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059189/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24F9BBFD4636A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFF24F9BBFE193611" bold="true" box="[199,497,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">(25) Structure of tergalii.</emphasis>
Tergalius I with anal margin not bordered by rib and convex in proximal part (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFA89F9BBFF5E3635" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFF26F9D0FF0C3634" box="[197,228,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">85</figureCitation>
); in larva of last instar this convex proximal portion is overturned and bent ventrally (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFB01F9D0FAD53635" box="[1250,1341,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFAAEF9D0FA853635" box="[1357,1389,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">84</figureCitation>
). In previous larval instars tergalius I is not folded in such a manner, being spread similar to 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFB6DF9F3FB0B36D9" box="[1166,1251,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 24</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFAFFF9F3FAD336D9" box="[1308,1339,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">85</figureCitation>
. Among examined last instar larvae of three species, only in few individuals selected tergalius I (either left or right one), was not folded, but spread as in younger larvae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2DFF24F960FB8E370C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
Other tergalii II–VII have no overturned anal lobe; their anal margin either has no anal rib (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFB58F960FAE53744" box="[1211,1293,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), or has very short anal rib (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFEDAF883FE533769" box="[313,443,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 86–91</figureCitation>
), that varies individually and among tergalii of one individual (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFB9DF883FB3A3769" box="[1150,1234,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Costal margin is armed by costal rib, which in its distal part bears small seta-bearing denticles (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450C5A2DFBE6F8B8FBB1370C" box="[1029,1113,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450C5A2CFF24F8DBFDB43094" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
Superficially, last instar larval tergalii of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFD73F8D4FCE63731" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[656,782,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFD73F8D4FCE63731" box="[656,782,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble that of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFC2CF8D4FBFA372E" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[975,1042,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFC2CF8D4FBFA372E" box="[975,1042,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFBC3F8D4FB2D3731" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1056,1221,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dabulamanzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFBC3F8D4FB2D3731" box="[1056,1221,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Dabulamanzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFB18F8D4FA7D3731" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[1275,1429,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB18F8D4FA7D3731" box="[1275,1429,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose tergalii I are petiolate and sharply different from others; in contrast to these taxa, in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFB6CF8F0FAE537D5" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1167,1293,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFB6CF8F0FAE537D5" box="[1167,1293,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tergalii I are not really petiolate, but get this shape due to folding. Among 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFCA2F82CFC4E37F8" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[833,934,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
, besides 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFBE9F82CFB6037F9" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1034,1160,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFBE9F82CFB6037F9" box="[1034,1160,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, tergalii with overturned anal lobe are found only in Cloeonini and Callibaetini; in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450C5A2DFC79F848FBF0379D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[922,1048,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450C5A2DFC79F848FBF0379D" box="[922,1048,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, anal lobe of Cloeonini is bent not ventrally, but dorsally and can be present on tergalii of several pairs; in Callibaetini the anal lobe bent ventrally is present on tergalii of several or all pairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FF53FCDC3124" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FF53FDC130B9" bold="true" box="[199,553,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(26) Pigmentation of tergalii.</emphasis>
Dorsal cuticle of each tergalius I–VII can have a brown stripe running just above main trachea; in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFE7FFE88FE1C315D" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[412,500,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFE7FFE88FE1C315D" box="[412,500,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this stripe is wider than trachea (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFC84FE88FC02315D" box="[871,1002,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 29–30</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFBF9FE88FB75315D" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1050,1181,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFBF9FE88FB75315D" box="[1050,1181,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450D5A2CFB47FE88FB0B315C" box="[1188,1251,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFB47FE88FB0B315C" bold="true" box="[1188,1251,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
this stripe is not wider than trachea, so that is invisible on background of trachea (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFC9FFEABFBE83101" box="[892,1024,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 92–93</figureCitation>
); in some individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFAFBFEA4FA743101" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1304,1436,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFAFBFEA4FA743101" box="[1304,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450D5A2CFF74FEC0FF3E3124" box="[151,214,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF74FEC0FF3E3124" bold="true" box="[151,214,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFEEFFEC0FE6E3125" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[268,390,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFEEFFEC0FE6E3125" box="[268,390,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450D5A2CFE6FFEC0FE243124" box="[396,460,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFE6FFEC0FE243124" bold="true" box="[396,460,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
this stripe is completely absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FEE3FAB331B4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FEE3FE0E31C9" bold="true" box="[199,486,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(27) Mobility of tergalii.</emphasis>
Tergalii make rhythmical respiratory movements with little amplitude. In contrast to other mayflies able to such movements, larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD34FE18FCBD31ED" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[727,853,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD34FE18FCBD31ED" box="[727,853,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unable to live in stagnant water, so it is rather difficult to transport living larvae from place of collecting to a cage placed on current, and impossible to keep them in container for rearing. 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFE4BFE50FDDF31B5" author="Crass" box="[424,567,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass (1947)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that «The nymphs have proved very intolerant of captivity».
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FE73FC3432C4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FE73FD833259" bold="true" box="[199,619,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(28) Larval abdominal tergum X.</emphasis>
Anterior margin of abdominal tergum X forms a pair of prominent projections (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFEC6FDA8FE93327C" box="[293,379,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
), which serve as places of attachment for various longitudinal dorsal muscles running from anterior margin of tergum IX and from previous abdominal terga. In other taxa, including 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFB62FDC4FB2C321E" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1153,1220,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFB62FDC4FB2C321E" box="[1153,1220,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, anterior margin of this tergum is either nearly straight, or forms a pair of shallow convexities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FD03FA743379" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FD03FE5732E9" bold="true" box="[199,447,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(29) Larval caudalii.</emphasis>
Caudalii of the «Siphlonuroid-type»: cerci and paracercus have equal length and bear long, dense primary swimming setae; larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD49FD38FCC0328D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[682,808,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD49FD38FCC0328D" box="[682,808,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are good swimmers. Posterior margin of each caudalius segment bears denticles, which are enlarged on lateral sides of cerci and on dorsal side of paracercus, being somewhat larger on each 2nd segment (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFDB6FD70FD4F3354" box="[597,679,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
) (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFCB8FD70FC763352" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[859,926,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFCB8FD70FC763352" box="[859,926,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose denticles are much smaller). In distal half of cercus outer side with more or less developed secondary swimming setae, not forming regular row (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFADFFC93FA673379" box="[1340,1423,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 65" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 65. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., holotype, ultimolarval exuviae. 60, abdominal terga and caudalii; 61, head with labrum and right mandible; 62, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum; 63, fragment of cercus; 64, hind leg (triangle shows point where patella-tibial suture crosses inner margin); 65, abdominal terga IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059205/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FCC8FAFF33E4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FCC8FDBB331C" bold="true" box="[199,595,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(30) Pose of developing gonostyli.</emphasis>
Before molt from larva to subimago, subimaginal gonostyli are bent under larval cuticle in « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFE83FCE4FE5933C1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[352,433,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFE83FCE4FE5933C1" box="[352,433,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450D5A2CFE5AFCE4FE0433C1" box="[441,492,872,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">type</typeStatus>
» pose, i.e. with 2nd segments directed laterally (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFBC2FCEBFB6E33C1" box="[1057,1158,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[160,1420,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., male genitals. 104, subimaginal genitals developing under larval cuticle; 105, exuviae of subimaginal genitals; 106, genitals of male imago, ventral view (unistyligers and gonostyli unnaturally brought together because of wrong fixation; internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines, right gonostylar muscle not shown; large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger); 107, penis enlarged, ventral view (gonoducts shown by dotted lines). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge; usg, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059215/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
); this is known for all 3 species described below (the same in most other Protopatellata and Anteropatellata-non-Baetovectata).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FC23FDE9344E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FC23FDE53389" bold="true" box="[199,525,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(31) Styliger of male imago.</emphasis>
At least in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD6DFC3CFD0E3389" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[654,742,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD6DFC3CFD0E3389" box="[654,742,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFCFFFC3CFC763389" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[796,926,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFCFFFC3CFC763389" box="[796,926,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450D5A2CFC46FC23FC0C3389" box="[933,996,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC46FC23FC0C3389" bold="true" box="[933,996,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
apical margin of each unistyliger bears a median projection, which represents continuation of dorsal wall of unistyliger and is projected in medio-ventral direction (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFEEAFC7BFE633451" box="[265,395,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 39" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,208,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 39. Crassabwa flava, genitals of male imago, ventral view (internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines; on right side of Fig. 37 and on Figs 38 – 39 gonostylar muscles not shown; on Fig 38 gonoducts shown by dotted lines). 37, specimen from Luangwa; 38 – 39, specimens from Great Ruaha. Arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger. Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059195/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 37–39</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFE75FC74FE5C3451" box="[406,436,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 44" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1488,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,207,1468]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1468]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 44. Crassabwa flava. 40, cuticle of penis after treating by alkali (at left dorsal view, at right ventral view); 41, the same, apical view (at right hidden under unistyliger, gonostylus removed); 42, subimaginal exuviae of sternum IX and genitals; 43, subimaginal gonostyli; 44, imaginal gonostylus developing under subimaginal cuticle. Large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger. Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; m. gv, apodemes of gonovectal muscle; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059197/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFE23FC7BFE033451" box="[448,491,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[160,1420,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., male genitals. 104, subimaginal genitals developing under larval cuticle; 105, exuviae of subimaginal genitals; 106, genitals of male imago, ventral view (unistyligers and gonostyli unnaturally brought together because of wrong fixation; internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines, right gonostylar muscle not shown; large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger); 107, penis enlarged, ventral view (gonoducts shown by dotted lines). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge; usg, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059215/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">106</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FB90FA893416" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FB90FE183474" bold="true" box="[199,496,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(32) Penis of male imago.</emphasis>
At least in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD8CFB90FD2F3475" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[623,711,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD8CFB90FD2F3475" box="[623,711,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD1FFB90FC963475" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[764,894,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD1FFB90FC963475" box="[764,894,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450D5A2CFC66FB90FC2C3474" box="[901,964,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC66FB90FC2C3474" bold="true" box="[901,964,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
inner margin of penial bridge forms a pair of internal projections directed cranially and located dorsad of gonovectes (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFC00FBB3FBD33419" box="[995,1083,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 44" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1488,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,207,1468]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1468]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 44. Crassabwa flava. 40, cuticle of penis after treating by alkali (at left dorsal view, at right ventral view); 41, the same, apical view (at right hidden under unistyliger, gonostylus removed); 42, subimaginal exuviae of sternum IX and genitals; 43, subimaginal gonostyli; 44, imaginal gonostylus developing under subimaginal cuticle. Large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger. Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; m. gv, apodemes of gonovectal muscle; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059197/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 40</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFBA5FBCCFB9C3419" box="[1094,1140,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[160,1420,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., male genitals. 104, subimaginal genitals developing under larval cuticle; 105, exuviae of subimaginal genitals; 106, genitals of male imago, ventral view (unistyligers and gonostyli unnaturally brought together because of wrong fixation; internal sclerites and muscles shown by interrupted lines, right gonostylar muscle not shown; large arrow shows median projection of dorsal wall of unistyliger); 107, penis enlarged, ventral view (gonoducts shown by dotted lines). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; gv, gonovectis; mIX-X, places of attachment of muscles running to common base of paraprocts; pb, paired internal projection of penial bridge; usg, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059215/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">107</figureCitation>
). The same in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFAF4FBCCFAB23416" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1303,1370,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFAF4FBCCFAB23416" box="[1303,1370,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FBE8FBFD3571" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FBE8FED7343C" bold="true" box="[199,319,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">(33) Eggs.</emphasis>
At least in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFE29FBE8FDCD343D" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[458,549,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFE29FBE8FDCD343D" box="[458,549,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD83FBE8FD0D343D" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[608,741,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD83FBE8FD0D343D" box="[608,741,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450D5A2CFD0DFBE8FCD8343C" box="[750,816,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD0DFBE8FCD8343C" bold="true" box="[750,816,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
eggs are elongate, chorion with net-like relief, whose longitudinal ridges are more wide and convex than transverse ridges, so that in middle part of egg this relief looks as longitudinal striation (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFE58FB20FDA93484" box="[443,577,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 50" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1993,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,517,1972]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 50. Crassabwa flava, eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059199/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 45–50</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFDB2FB20FD5E3485" box="[593,694,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 108 – 113" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 108 – 113. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n., eggs extracted from holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059217/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">108–113</figureCitation>
). This relief allows to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFBAEFB20FB233485" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1101,1227,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFBAEFB20FB233485" box="[1101,1227,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from many other 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF74FB43FF1434A9" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,252,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
, whose chorion has even net-like relief with isodiametric cells separated by equally developed longitudinal and transverse ridges. 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFDC7FB78FD14354D" baseAuthorityName="Wuillot in Wuillot &amp; Gillies" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[548,764,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niandanense">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFDC7FB78FD14354D" box="[548,764,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Susua niandanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has irregular longitudinal ridges in middle part of egg (paper in preparing); possibly, this is a synapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFCF4FA94FC7D3571" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[791,917,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFCF4FA94FC7D3571" box="[791,917,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFC2FFA94FBE7356E" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[972,1039,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC2FFA94FBE7356E" box="[972,1039,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450D5A2CFF24FAB0FDB93514" box="[199,593,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FAB0FDB93514" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,593,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FAB0FE883514" bold="true" box="[199,352,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Distribution.</emphasis>
Afrotropical Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450D5A2CFF24FAD3FE9735A5" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2CFF24FAD3FE9735A5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FAD3FCAE3539" bold="true" box="[199,838,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Discussion about species composition of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD22FAD3FCD73539" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[705,831,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD22FAD3FCD73539" bold="true" box="[705,831,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFCB1FAD3FB0D3539" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[850,1253,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
established the genus 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF00FA08FE8935DD" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[227,353,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF00FA08FE8935DD" box="[227,353,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for 4 species, which were originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFC50FA08FAC235DD" authority="Crass 1947" authorityName="Crass" authorityYear="1947" box="[947,1322,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC50FA08FB7635DD" box="[947,1182,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum flavum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFB4AFA08FAC235DD" author="Crass" box="[1193,1322,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(the 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450D5A2CFA88FA09FA7435DC" box="[1387,1436,1413,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFEF5FA24FE7C3581" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[278,404,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFEF5FA24FE7C3581" box="[278,404,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFE53FA24FCB23581" authority="Kimmins 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[432,858,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFE53FA24FD773581" box="[432,671,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum loweae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFD48FA2BFCB23581" author="Kimmins" box="[683,858,1447,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1949) Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 1 (11), 825 - 836." type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFC8AFA24FAE33581" authority="Kopelke 1980" authorityName="Kopelke" authorityYear="1980" box="[873,1291,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badium">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC8AFA24FBB53581" box="[873,1117,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum badium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFB8AFA2BFAE33581" author="Kopelke" box="[1129,1291,1447,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (1980) Ephemeroptera aus der Emergenz des zentralafrikanischen Bergbaches Kalengo (Zaire) Teil I: Baetidae. Entomologische Abhandlungen (Mus. Tierk. Dresden), (1979), 43 (6), 99 - 129." type="journal article" year="1980">Kopelke 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFAA8FA24FE9335A5" authority="Navas 1930" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFAA8FA24FF0435A5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cloeon vitreum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFF11FA40FE9335A5" author="Navas" box="[242,379,1484,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Navas, L. (1930) Insectes du Congo Belge (Serie IV). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19 (3), 305 - 336." type="journal article" year="1930">Navás 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450D5A2FFF24FA7CFE953354" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450D5A2FFF24FA7CFC2D3191" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF24FA7CFE5D3649" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,437,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF24FA7CFE5D3649" box="[199,437,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described by 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFCEAFA63FC2F3649" author="Kimmins" box="[777,967,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1949) Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 1 (11), 825 - 836." type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins (1949)</bibRefCitation>
as male imagoes, male subimagoes and female subimagoes collected near Lake Nyasa, with a male imago designated as the 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450D5A2CFB83F998FB2E366C" box="[1120,1222,1556,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Male imago of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFA61F998FF0F3611" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFA61F998FF0F3611" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFE88F9B4FCC83611" ID-CoL="3MMB" authority="Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993 a" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[363,800,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFE88F9B4FDED3611" box="[363,517,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFDEFF9BBFCC83611" author="Wuillot" box="[524,800,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T. (1993 a) Cheleocloeon, a new genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from West Africa. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale, 26 (3), 213 - 217." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, about which testifies structure of its gonovectes (which Kimmins erroneously termed «titillators») with hooked apices «a pair of sinuous titillators, whose apices are bent at right-angles and overlapping» (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFDD3F9F3FC6C36D9" author="Kimmins" box="[560,900,1663,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1949) Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 1 (11), 825 - 836." type="journal article" year="1949">
Kimmins 1949: 829, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450D5A2CFCDBF9F3FC6C36D9" box="[824,900,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2012,2035]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,539,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,539,1991]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Crassabwa flava, last instar larvae. 1 – 3, dorsal view; 4, exuviae of half of pronotum and mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059181/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
); this genital structure allows to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF74F928FED936FD" ID-CoL="3MMB" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,305,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF74F928FED936FD" box="[151,305,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other taxa (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFDF5F928FD4836FC" author="Kluge" box="[534,672,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2016) Redescription of the genus Cheleocloeon Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) with descriptions of three new species from Zambia and Uganda. Zootaxa, 4067 (2), 135 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Kluge 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Kimmins noted similarity of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFC14F928FB8F36FD" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[1015,1127,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC14F928FB8F36FD" box="[1015,1127,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFB45F928FEDB36A1" authority="Barnard 1932" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFB45F928FA7436FD" box="[1190,1436,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum excisum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFF74F94BFEDB36A1" author="Barnard" box="[151,307,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1932) South African May-flies (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 20, 201 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359193209518858" type="journal article" year="1932">Barnard 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(which is recently placed to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD6AF944FCCB36A1" ID-CoL="3MMB" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[649,803,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD6AF944FCCB36A1" box="[649,803,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and stated that 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFC0BF944FBB336A1" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[1000,1115,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFC0BF944FBB336A1" box="[1000,1115,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFB1BF944FA9E369E" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1932" box="[1272,1398,1736,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFB1BF944FA9E369E" box="[1272,1398,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. excisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presence of hind wings in female. At the same time 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFD34F960FC783745" author="Kimmins" box="[727,912,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1949) Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 1 (11), 825 - 836." type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins (1949)</bibRefCitation>
did not prove that female subimagoes reported in his paper as 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFEDDF89CFE463769" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[318,430,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFEDDF89CFE463769" box="[318,430,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are really conspecific with the male imaginal 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450D5A2CFC59F883FBF43769" box="[954,1052,1807,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFBA2F89CFB5A3769" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[1089,1202,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFBA2F89CFB5A3769" box="[1089,1202,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">C. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Actually females of all 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF5FF8B8FEBE370D" ID-CoL="3MMB" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[188,342,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF5FF8B8FEBE370D" box="[188,342,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have no hind wings (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFDB2F8B8FD35370C" author="Kluge" box="[593,733,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2016) Redescription of the genus Cheleocloeon Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) with descriptions of three new species from Zambia and Uganda. Zootaxa, 4067 (2), 135 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Kluge 2016</bibRefCitation>
). According to our data (Kluge, unpublished), two species of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF74F8D4FED43731" ID-CoL="3Z86" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,316,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dabulamanzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF74F8D4FED43731" box="[151,316,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Dabulamanzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in tributaries of Lake Nyasa; their female subimagoes and imagoes are similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFF74F8F0FED937D5" ID-CoL="3MMB" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,305,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFF74F8F0FED937D5" box="[151,305,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differ in having hind wings. So it is quite probable that female 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450D5A2CFBC1F8F1FB6537D4" box="[1058,1165,1917,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFB51F8F0FA7537D5" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[1202,1437,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFB51F8F0FA7537D5" box="[1202,1437,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to some of these species of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFDC9F82CFD2737F9" ID-CoL="3Z86" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[554,719,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dabulamanzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFDC9F82CFD2737F9" box="[554,719,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Dabulamanzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In another paper, 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450D5A2CFC44F82CFB8B37F8" author="Kimmins" box="[935,1123,1952,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1960) Notes on East African Ephemeroptera with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 9 (6), 337 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27555" type="journal article" year="1960">Kimmins (1960)</bibRefCitation>
described male and female imagoes and subimagoes attributed by him to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450D5A2CFD45F848FC7A379D" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[678,914,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450D5A2CFD45F848FC7A379D" box="[678,914,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Centroptilum loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected near Lake Victoria (in 
<collectingCountry id="8C847608450D5A2CFAF7F848FA83379C" box="[1300,1387,1988,2013]" name="Uganda" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="8C847608450E5A2FFF74FF1BFEE830F1" box="[151,256,151,176]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
), and noted variability of this species. Possibly, here also various species were reported under the name « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFF46FF30FE783095" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[165,400,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFF46FF30FE783095" box="[165,400,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Centroptilum loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
». 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFE4EFF30FDA23095" author="Gillies" box="[429,586,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Gillies, M. T. (1990) A revision of the African species of Centroptilum Eaton (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera). Aquatic Insects, 12 (2), 97 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361395" type="journal article" year="1990">Gillies (1990)</bibRefCitation>
placed the species 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFCC6FF30FC9C3095" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[805,884,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFCC6FF30FC9C3095" box="[805,884,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC65FF30FBF23095" ID-CoL="3KB2" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[902,1050,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC65FF30FBF23095" box="[902,1050,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] to the group 
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB5FFF30FAE23095" box="[1212,1290,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">tarsale</emphasis>
of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFF74FF6CFEE730B9" ID-CoL="QCK" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,271,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFF74FF6CFEE730B9" box="[151,271,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Afroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFEACFF53FD3F30B9" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[335,727,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
placed it to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC84FF6CFC0D30B9" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[871,997,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC84FF6CFC0D30B9" box="[871,997,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to the original designation of male imago from Lake Nyasa as the 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450E5A2FFD8AFE88FD23315C" box="[617,715,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(originally termed « 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450E5A2FFC58FE88FC18315D" box="[955,1008,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
»), the species 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB7FFE88FB03315D" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[1180,1259,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB7FFE88FB03315D" box="[1180,1259,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB1DFE88FA7A315D" ID-CoL="3KB2" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[1278,1426,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB1DFE88FA7A315D" box="[1278,1426,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] undoubtedly belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFE4BFEA4FDAA3101" ID-CoL="3MMB" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1993" box="[424,578,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFE4BFEA4FDAA3101" box="[424,578,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Cheleocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and can be treated as 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFCA5FEA4FBD03101" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kimmins" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[838,1080,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFCA5FEA4FBD03101" box="[838,1080,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Cheleocloeon loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kimmins 1 949) 
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFAE0FEABFA823101" bold="true" box="[1283,1386,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">comb. n.</emphasis>
Not far from the Lake Nyasa, in the same mountain system (in the source of Great Ruaha River near Mfumbi and in a tributary of Little Ruaha River near 
<collectingRegion id="3657F87A450E5A2FFDD7FEE3FD9331C9" box="[564,635,367,392]" country="Tanzania" name="Iringa" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Iringa</collectingRegion>
), the first author reared imagoes from larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB7CFEFCFEA231ED" ID-CoL="69QV4" authority="(Barnard 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Barnard" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB7CFEFCFA7431C6" box="[1183,1436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Cheleocloeon excisum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFF7DFE18FEA931ED" author="Barnard" box="[158,321,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1932) South African May-flies (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 20, 201 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359193209518858" type="journal article" year="1932">Barnard 1932</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. All characters of this species agree with the description of the 
<typeStatus id="2B28883A450E5A2FFBA3FE18FB4A31EC" box="[1088,1186,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB2CFE18FAAB31ED" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kimmins" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1231,1347,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB2CFE18FAAB31ED" box="[1231,1347,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so the following synonymy is proposed here: 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFDAFFE34FD3D318E" ID-CoL="69QV4" baseAuthorityName="Barnard" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[588,725,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFDAFFE34FD3D318E" box="[588,725,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Ch. excisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFD10FE34FC993191" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kimmins" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[755,881,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loweae">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFD10FE34FC993191" box="[755,881,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Ch. loweae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450E5A2FFC9BFE3BFC2D3191" box="[888,965,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC9BFE3BFC2D3191" bold="true" box="[888,965,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">syn. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450E5A2FFF24FE50FCB23221" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFF24FE50FD8931B5" authority="Kopelke 1980" authorityName="Kopelke" authorityYear="1980" box="[199,609,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badium">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFF24FE50FE5031B5" box="[199,440,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Centroptilum badium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFE22FE50FD8931B5" author="Kopelke" box="[449,609,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (1980) Ephemeroptera aus der Emergenz des zentralafrikanischen Bergbaches Kalengo (Zaire) Teil I: Baetidae. Entomologische Abhandlungen (Mus. Tierk. Dresden), (1979), 43 (6), 99 - 129." type="journal article" year="1980">Kopelke 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as male and female imagoes from D.R. 
<collectingRegion id="3657F87A450E5A2FFAB1FE50FA7531B5" box="[1362,1437,476,500]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<collectingCountry id="8C847608450E5A2FFAB1FE50FA7531B5" box="[1362,1437,476,500]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Congo</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="8C847608450E5A2FFF7CFE73FF083259" box="[159,224,511,536]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Zaire</collectingCountry>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFF1BFE73FE713259" author="Gillies" box="[248,409,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Gillies, M. T. (1990) A revision of the African species of Centroptilum Eaton (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera). Aquatic Insects, 12 (2), 97 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361395" type="journal article" year="1990">Gillies (1990)</bibRefCitation>
placed it to the group 
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFD57FD8CFCEA3259" box="[692,770,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">tarsale</emphasis>
of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC4EFD8CFBCD3259" ID-CoL="QCK" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[941,1061,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC4EFD8CFBCD3259" box="[941,1061,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Afroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFB8DFE73FF07327C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
placed it to 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFE94FDA8FE1D327D" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[375,501,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFE94FDA8FE1D327D" box="[375,501,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One of us (N. Kluge) has reared material of this species from 
<collectingCountry id="8C847608450E5A2FFB4DFDA8FAE1327C" box="[1198,1289,548,573]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Uganda</collectingCountry>
; it belongs to a new genus, which will be described in a separate publication.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450E5A2FFF24FDE0FE0E32E9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFF24FDE0FDEC32C5" authority="Navas 1930" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1930" box="[199,516,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFF24FDE0FE9D32C5" box="[199,373,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Cloeon vitreum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFE9EFDE0FDEC32C5" author="Navas" box="[381,516,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Navas, L. (1930) Insectes du Congo Belge (Serie IV). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19 (3), 305 - 336." type="journal article" year="1930">Navás 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described as a single female imago from Congo, and its systematic position remains doubtful (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F42C3698450E5A2FFF24FD38FE953354" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
Thus, only 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFEAEFD38FD45328D" ID-CoL="Z6BY" authority="(Crass 1947)" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[333,685,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFEAEFD38FDE6328D" box="[333,526,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa flava</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFDC2FD38FD4D328D" author="Crass" box="[545,677,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was reliably attributed to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB83FD38FB36328D" ID-CoL="3V95" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1120,1246,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB83FD38FB36328D" box="[1120,1246,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species is redescribed below based on reared material. Two other species, 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC8DFD54FBBF32B1" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[878,1111,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC8DFD54FBBF32B1" box="[878,1111,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa ludmilae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450E5A2FFBBCFD5BFB4832B1" box="[1119,1184,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFBBCFD5BFB4832B1" bold="true" box="[1119,1184,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB3AFD54FABC32B1" authority="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles, 2017" authorityName="Kluge &amp; Gattolliat &amp; Salles" authorityYear="2017" box="[1241,1364,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ameliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB3AFD54FABC32B1" box="[1241,1364,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">C. ameliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDD457F1450E5A2FFABFFD5BFA7432B1" box="[1372,1436,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFABFFD5BFA7432B1" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC896513450E5A2FFF24FC93FBCF34A9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F42C3698450E5A2FFF24FC93FBCF34A9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFF24FC93FD5B3379" bold="true" box="[199,691,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
Discussion about diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFDCDFC93FD443379" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[558,684,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFDCDFC93FD443379" bold="true" box="[558,684,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The original diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC3EFCACFBB33379" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[989,1115,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC3EFCACFBB33379" box="[989,1115,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included characters of larva and imagoes (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFED9FCC8FD55331C" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[314,701,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b</bibRefCitation>
). Larval claw of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC68FCC8FBE1331D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[907,1033,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC68FCC8FBE1331D" box="[907,1033,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was characterized as having «two enlarged subapical denticles and four to six small basal denticles» (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFC62FCEBFAC633C1" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[897,1326,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1996b: 236</bibRefCitation>
), that was regarded to be different from the « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFDF8FC00FD2033E5" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1918" box="[539,712,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFDF8FC00FD2033E5" box="[539,712,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex», whose larval claw was said to «possess 2 subparallel rows of denticles» (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFE63FC23FCCA3389" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[384,802,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998 a) The Centroptiloides complex of Afrotropical small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.1.1" type="journal article" year="1998" yearSuffix="a">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998a: 2</bibRefCitation>
). Actually, larval claws were wrongly described for a number of baetid species, including 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFDD7FC58FD1A33AD" baseAuthorityName="Crass" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[564,754,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFDD7FC58FD1A33AD" box="[564,754,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose claws have not one, but two rows of denticles, with two enlarged distal denticles in each row (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450E5A2FFD97FC7BFD243451" box="[628,716,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,200,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 10 – 12, fore, middle and hind legs, anterior view; 13, apex of femur and base of tibia of middle leg, anterior view (bifurcate setae on opposite side shown by interrupted lines); 14, outer side of fore tibia with cross row of bifurcate setae (arrows show three setae of this row); 15, claw (inner-posterior view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059185/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Figs 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450E5A2FFD3AFC74FCF73451" box="[729,799,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1418,1441]" captionTargetBox="[175,1409,228,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1397]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Crassabwa flava, larval legs. 16, apex of fore tibia and base of tarsus (posterior view); 17, same, enlarged; 18, apex of claw; 19, claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">18–19</figureCitation>
) [see character (19)]. If correct this character, it appears that 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFF2BFB90FDA33474" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[200,587,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
did not report any character of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC4FFB90FBC23475" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[940,1066,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC4FFB90FBC23475" box="[940,1066,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
different from 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB37FB90FAFF3472" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1236,1303,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB37FB90FAFF3472" box="[1236,1303,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was placed by them to the « 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFE4EFBCCFDB23419" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1918" box="[429,602,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFE4EFBCCFDB23419" box="[429,602,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex» (
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFD06FBB3FB8D3419" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[741,1125,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998 a) The Centroptiloides complex of Afrotropical small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.1.1" type="journal article" year="1998" yearSuffix="a">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998a</bibRefCitation>
). Actually, 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB08FBCCFA813419" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[1259,1385,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB08FBCCFA813419" box="[1259,1385,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFF74FBE8FF32343A" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,218,1124,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFF74FBE8FF32343A" box="[151,218,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely related [see characters (12), (19)]. Larva of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFC82FBE8FC37343D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[865,991,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFC82FBE8FC37343D" box="[865,991,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from larva of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFB3FFBE8FAF7343A" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1244,1311,1124,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Susua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFB3FFBE8FAF7343A" box="[1244,1311,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Susua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by structure of 1 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFECAFB04FE7034E1" box="[297,408,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="tergalii">st tergalii</taxonomicName>
, which in 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFDEFFB04FD6234E1" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[524,650,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFDEFFB04FD6234E1" box="[524,650,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a proximal-anal flap overturned ventrally in the last larval instar (
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450E5A2FFF7CFB20FF133485" box="[159,251,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Crassabwa flava. 23, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 24, tergalius I spread on slide; 25, tergalius II; 26, costal rib of tergalius of penultimolarva (developing compressed ultimolarval denticles shown by interrupted line); 27 and 28, tergalii VI and VII; 29, tergalii II (in normal condition) and III (with dorsal cuticle partly separated from tissues); 30, enlarged fragment of this separated cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059191/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Figs 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6CA82A1D450E5A2FFEEFFB20FEC43485" box="[268,300,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 84 – 95" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 84 – 95. Crassabwa ludmilae sp. n. 84, tergalius I of last instar larva in natural condition; 85, tergalius I spread on slide; 86 – 91, tergalii II – VII; 92, tergalius V with part of dorsal cuticle detached; 93, enlarged fragment of its detached cuticle; 94, part of cuticle from abdominal tergum III; 95, claw (84 – 93 and 95, holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1059211/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">84</figureCitation>
). This character of 
<taxonomicName id="33934D1B450E5A2FFDF9FB20FD703485" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[538,664,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Crassabwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E7EA8A450E5A2FFDF9FB20FD703485" box="[538,664,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Crassabwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not reported neither by 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFC1AFB20FB783485" author="Crass" box="[1017,1168,1196,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass (1947)</bibRefCitation>
, nor by 
<bibRefCitation id="90024B69450E5A2FFB1FFB20FE9334A9" author="Lugo-Ortiz" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1996 b) Crassabwa. A new genus of small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Africa. Annales de Limnologie. (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (4), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996022" type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
, who described and figured only tergalii («gills») of 4th pair.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>