369 lines
54 KiB
XML
369 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1F175E1569354BFE2DE3ACD242ABF82D">Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8F66800D15A7F2D083B4320FCF06EF75">Ramalho, Laís V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05DE9EC5FB0CA53699A8AC826F6292E6">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B888E4B2D04F652502E7B970213E3C80">Moraes, Fernando Coreixas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B4DCD0964F45F32B2B52F4BFF21149C">Moura, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E39EEF2645C929C4D0C1FD3836EFD23C">Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A92122E646A785467A6AF38E35490C5E">Bastos, Alex C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="23577E0F71291D57F10EF55C85E09C50">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9CAD19053613B21D090CD9D17CC54C17">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="044BAAB0D865CB00B54E12E7E8D690FC">2018-09-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="005AE8E5B26C69DE244812EA3A99DC93">4483</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="67395DA48B1A1A351D360EDE4F2B0D66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CDD2404F31EA030AB84F03869FFB56B8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952374" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82BD5DE0-D580-465A-8814-73A9170DEB85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAC7907FF43FCF3FE90FCAD" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF43FCF3FE5AFC8C" blockId="9.[151,490,828,887]" box="[151,490,828,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="BF60F45CFFAC7907FF43FCF3FE5AFC8C" bold="true" box="[151,490,828,854]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF43FCF3FE5AFC8C" bold="true" box="[151,490,828,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAC7907FF43FCF3FE11FC8C" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,417,828,854]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distincta" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF43FCF3FE11FC8C" bold="true" box="[151,417,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Parasmittina distincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAC7907FE7CFCF3FE5AFC8C" box="[424,490,828,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF43FC91FE90FCAD" blockId="9.[151,490,828,887]" box="[151,288,862,887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF43FC91FF10FCAD" bold="true" box="[151,160,862,887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">(</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FF74FC91FEA7FCAD" box="[160,279,862,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3C–G</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAC7907FF43FC67FD13FC66" box="[151,675,934,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF43FC67FD13FC66" blockId="9.[151,675,934,957]" box="[151,675,934,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAC7907FF43FC67FEACFC67" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,284,936,957]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF43FC67FEACFC67" box="[151,284,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Parasmittina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAC7907FEF5FC68FEC0FC66" box="[289,368,935,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rank="species">
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||
sp.
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||
<date id="902965F0FFAC7907FE90FC68FEC0FC66" box="[324,368,935,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">nov.</date>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
1:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAC7907FE5BFC68FDFFFC66" box="[399,591,934,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. & Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
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||
Bastos
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FE0DFC67FDBDFC66" box="[473,525,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAC7907FF43FC26FB3AFBB7" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF43FC26FB3AFBB7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1001,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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||
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFAC7907FF43FC26FCDDFBFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860724" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos & R. Moura & Amado-Filho" country="Brazil" elevation="4" location="Material" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF43FC26FE33FBD8" bold="true" box="[151,387,1001,1026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
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<location id="E14815EBFFAC7907FF43FC26FF4FFBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A:E14815EBFFAC7907FF43FC26FF4FFBD8" box="[151,255,1001,1026]" country="Brazil" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" name="Material" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Bahia">Material</location>
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||
examined.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="044CD94AFFAC7907FE59FC26FD8DFBD8" box="[397,573,1001,1026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Abrolhos Bank</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAC7907FD9FFC26FD3CFBD8" box="[587,652,1001,1026]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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State,
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<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAC7907FD0AFC26FC97FBD8" box="[734,807,1001,1026]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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:
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<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAC7907FCE0FC26FC11FBD8" box="[820,929,1001,1026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: MNRJ-Bry1341,
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||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FBA1FC26FAD0FBD8" box="[1141,1376,1001,1026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
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,
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<elevation id="6FBAA403FFAC7907FABBFC25FA2CFBDB" box="[1391,1436,1002,1026]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="4.0">
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<quantity id="236FEED5FFAC7907FABBFC25FA2CFBDB" box="[1391,1436,1002,1026]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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depth,
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||
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFAC7907FF3EFBC2FE28FBFC" box="[234,408,1037,1062]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="2014-02">
|
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<date id="902965F0FFAC7907FF3EFBC2FE28FBFC" box="[234,408,1037,1062]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, col.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FE35FBC1FDE5FBFF" box="[481,597,1038,1061]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">R. Moura</collectorName>
|
||
, G.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FD59FBC2FC94FBFC" box="[653,804,1037,1062]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
|
||
& A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFAC7907FCABFBC1FC4CFB90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860719" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos & R. Moura & Amado-Filho" country="Brazil" elevation="15" location="Bastos" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="E14815EBFFAC7907FCABFBC1FC7DFBFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A:E14815EBFFAC7907FCABFBC1FC7DFBFF" box="[895,973,1038,1061]" country="Brazil" name="Bastos" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Bahia">Bastos</location>
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;
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<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAC7907FC0BFBC1FBF6FBFC" box="[991,1094,1038,1062]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
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: MNRJ-Bry1382,
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FAF5FBC2FEB2FB90" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
|
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,
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<elevation id="6FBAA403FFAC7907FEDBFBFEFEFAFB93" box="[271,330,1073,1098]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="15.0">
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<quantity id="236FEED5FFAC7907FEDBFBFEFEFAFB93" box="[271,330,1073,1098]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFAC7907FE75FBFEFDFAFB90" box="[417,586,1073,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="2014-02">
|
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<date id="902965F0FFAC7907FE75FBFEFDFAFB90" box="[417,586,1073,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, col.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FD5DFBFDFD49FB93" box="[649,761,1074,1097]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">R. Moura</collectorName>
|
||
, G.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FCF3FBFEFC0EFB90" box="[807,958,1073,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
|
||
& A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFAC7907FBDDFBFDFB3AFBB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860722" collectingDate="2015-03" collectorName="F. C. Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos." country="Brazil" elevation="25" location="Bastos" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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<location id="E14815EBFFAC7907FBDDFBFDFBE7FB93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFAC7904FF43FCF3FCFDFC5A:E14815EBFFAC7907FBDDFBFDFBE7FB93" box="[1033,1111,1074,1097]" country="Brazil" name="Bastos" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="California">Bastos</location>
|
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; MNRJ-Bry1383,
|
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<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAC7907FAFFFBFEFA2DFB90" box="[1323,1437,1073,1098]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">California</collectingRegion>
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||
Reef,
|
||
<elevation id="6FBAA403FFAC7907FF0EFB9AFEA3FBB7" box="[218,275,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="25.0">
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<quantity id="236FEED5FFAC7907FF0EFB9AFEA3FBB7" box="[218,275,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFAC7907FEB2FB9AFE41FBB4" box="[358,497,1109,1134]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="2015-03">
|
||
<date id="902965F0FFAC7907FEB2FB9AFE41FBB4" box="[358,497,1109,1134]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="2015-03">March 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, col.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FDF8FB99FD08FBB7" box="[556,696,1110,1134]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">F.C. Moraes</collectorName>
|
||
, R.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FD30FB99FC82FBB7" box="[740,818,1110,1133]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Moura</collectorName>
|
||
, G.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FC8FFB9AFC42FBB4" box="[859,1010,1109,1134]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
|
||
& A.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAC7907FBECFB99FB3AFBB7" box="[1080,1162,1110,1133]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Bastos.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAC7907FF13FBB6FE01FB6C" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF13FBB6FE01FB6C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1001,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF13FBB6FEFEFB48" bold="true" box="[199,334,1145,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin '
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FDC0FBB6FD53FB4B" box="[532,739,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">distinctus, -a, -um</emphasis>
|
||
', meaning 'different’, referring to the different shapes of the avicularia in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAC7907FF13FB0EFCECFA54" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF13FB0EFCECFA54" blockId="9.[151,1437,1001,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF13FB0EFEF1FB03" bold="true" box="[199,321,1217,1242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Autozooids quadrangular to rectangular with coarsely tuberculate frontal wall, imperforate, except for marginal areolar pores. Orifice with usually two, but up to four, distal hollow spines, wide anvil-shaped lyrula and a pair of triangular and prominent condyles; single shoe-shaped avicularium usually located laterally to orifice and directed latero-proximally. Other
|
||
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAC7907FDE9FAE1FDC8FA9C" box="[573,632,1326,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of avicularia located laterally to orifice: small triangular avicularia on a raised prominence; rare large triangular avicularia directed laterally; and very rare large avicularia, elongate with a triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, directed proximally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAC7907FF13FA56FDADF828" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF13FA56FA32F870" blockId="9.[151,1437,1001,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF13FA56FEE9FA68" bold="true" box="[199,345,1433,1458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Encrusting colonies. Autozooids rectangular to irregularly quadrangular, longer than wide (327– 455–596 µm long x 245–324–465 µm wide), arranged in quincunx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FC41FA72FBA1FA0C" box="[917,1041,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal wall coarsely tuberculate, imperforate except for 16–22 circular to oval areolar pores along the margin and one or two pores located between the orifice and the frontal avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FD8CF9CAFD66F9C4" box="[600,726,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Orifice almost circular (84–103–129 µm long
|
||
<date id="902965F0FFAC7907FB2FF9C9FA9CF9C4" box="[1275,1324,1542,1566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" value="1993-10">x 93</date>
|
||
–104–116 µm wide) with sparsely beaded distal rim and a wide and shallow sinus; peristome low with raised lateral lappets; large anvil-shaped lyrula (33–42–54 µm wide) occupying the proximal part of orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FB4AF982FA90F9BC" box="[1182,1312,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
); condyles located at the proximal-lateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FDE0F9BEFD3BF950" box="[564,651,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), triangular and prominent; oral spines usually numbering two but as many as four, strong and hollow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FDC8F95AFD25F974" box="[540,661,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Avicularia diverse. Frequently one or, more rarely, a pair of shoeshaped avicularia (87–104–115 µm long) located on frontal wall, proximal-lateral to orifice, directed proximolaterally; crossbar complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FE37F912FDEEF92C" box="[483,606,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two other
|
||
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAC7907FD25F911FC9CF92C" box="[753,812,1758,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of triangular avicularia may occur rarely on the same autozooid located beside the orifice: one is directed laterally or slightly proximally, with raised rostrum and complete crossbar (76–182 µm long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FD9BF8EAFD16F8E4" box="[591,678,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
); the other (very rare) is larger and more elongate (225 µm long), directed proximally, with long triangular rostrum ending in a rounded tip, and complete crossbar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FB0CF886FA80F8B8" box="[1240,1328,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
; note that in the studied material the unique example of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAC7907FD07F8A1FCB3F85C" box="[723,771,1902,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of avicularium was broken, showing just the distal part of the rostrum). Ovicell globose, becoming immersed with age, ooecial surface with large rounded pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAC7907FACFF85EFAC5F870" box="[1307,1397,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAC7907FF13F87AFDADF828" blockId="9.[151,1437,1001,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF13F87AFE44F817" bold="true" box="[199,500,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Parcel dos Abrolhos and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAC7907FCE6F87AFC14F814" box="[818,932,1973,1998]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Reef, Abrolhos Bank,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAC7907FB6AF87AFB4FF814" box="[1214,1279,1973,1998]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAC7907FA83F87AFA2BF814" box="[1367,1435,1973,1998]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAC7907FF4AF815FEDCF828" box="[158,364,2009,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. & Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
|
||
Bastos
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAC7907FF26F815FE92F82B" box="[242,290,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7904FF13FF58FCFDFC5A" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF13FF58FD3BFE52" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF13FF58FE8BFF6A" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FE55FF57FDA3FF75" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[385,531,152,175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE55FF57FDA3FF75" box="[385,531,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Parasmittina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been recorded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAF7904FC7CFF58FC41FF6A" box="[936,1009,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FBD1FF56FAC2FF6A" authority="(Johnston, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1029,1394,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FBD1FF56FB2AFF75" box="[1029,1178,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. trispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FB66FF58FADAFF6A" box="[1202,1386,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref18568" refString="Johnston, G. (1838) A history of British Zoophytes. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh / London / Dublin, 341 pp." type="book">Johnston, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FA53FF56FE68FF0F" authority="Winston, 2005" authorityName="Winston" authorityYear="2005" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="betamorphae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FA53FF56FE9BFF0E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. betamorphae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FEE5FF73FE68FF0F" box="[305,472,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref21261" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's " Floridan Bryozoa " in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 147. [with an annotated catalogue of specimens collected by L. F. de Pourtales in Florida and Carolina, housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University]" type="journal article">Winston, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FE37FF72FCA2FF0E" authority="(Smitt, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[483,786,188,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE37FF72FDC4FF0E" box="[483,628,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FD57FF73FCBAFF0E" box="[643,778,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref20487" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (4), 1 - 83." type="journal article">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FCCAFF72FBEDFF0E" authority="Ramalho et al., 2011" authorityName="Ramalho et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[798,1117,188,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FCCAFF72FCD8FF0E" box="[798,872,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. alba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FCA6FF73FBEDFF0E" box="[882,1117,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref20004" refString="Ramalho, L. V., Muricy, G. & Taylor, P. D. (2011) Taxonomic revision of some lepraliomorph cheilostome bryozoans (Bryozoa: Lepraliomorpha) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 45 (13), 767 - 798. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2010.535917" type="journal article">
|
||
Ramalho
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FC0AFF72FBBFFF0E" box="[990,1039,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FBBCFF72FF62FF22" authority="Winston et al., 2014" authorityName="Winston et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="simpulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FBBCFF72FB41FF0E" box="[1128,1265,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. simpulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FB2DFF73FF62FF22" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Winston
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FA89FF72FA3EFF0E" box="[1373,1422,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FEDBFF2EFDCDFF22" authority="Winston et al., 2014" authorityName="Winston et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[271,637,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FEDBFF2EFE39FF22" box="[271,393,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. loxoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FE47FF10FDCDFF22" box="[403,637,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Winston
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE2DFF2EFD9BFF22" box="[505,555,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among these Brazilian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FC2DFF2EFB34FF22" box="[1017,1156,224,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="simpulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FC2DFF2EFB34FF22" box="[1017,1156,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. simpulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has similar shoe-shaped avicularia to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FEFEFECAFE13FEC6" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[298,419,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distincta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FEFEFECAFE13FEC6" box="[298,419,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. distincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAF7904FE7AFECBFE5DFEC7" box="[430,493,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE7AFECBFE5DFEC7" bold="true" box="[430,493,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but also has giant spatulate avicularia, a narrower lyrula, beaded condyles and one or two distal spines;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FE5BFEE6FE51FE9A" box="[399,481,296,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE5BFEE6FE51FE9A" box="[399,481,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one or two oral spines, shoe-shaped avicularia and triangular avicularia with serrated rostra located more frontal than lateral to orifice, a large and spatulate avicularium present on some zooids, and ooecia perforated with pores or fenestra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF13FE5BFCFDFC5A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Other species recorded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAF7904FE3AFE5BFD82FE77" box="[494,562,404,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
lack shoe-shaped avicularia and have other distinctive features as follows:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FA53FE5AFF44FE0A" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FA53FE5AFF44FE0A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. loxoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an orifice without a sinus and shorter and narrower lyrula, and spatulate and giant avicularium directed distally;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FF28FE12FE1FFE2E" authorityName="Winston" authorityYear="2005" box="[252,431,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="betamorphae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF28FE12FE1FFE2E" box="[252,431,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. betamorphae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only two oral spines, giant, extremely spatulate avicularia, plus smaller triangular avicularia which can occur on the frontal wall;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FD67FDCEFCF6FDC2" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[691,838,512,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FD67FDCEFCF6FDC2" box="[691,838,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long and narrow lateral avicularia in addition to large spatulate avicularia; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FE39FDEAFDC9FDE6" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[493,633,549,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE39FDEAFDC9FDE6" box="[493,633,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. trispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a short and quadrangular lyrula, and avicularia occupying different positions on the frontal wall. Comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FDB0FD86FD51FDBA" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[612,737,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distincta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FDB0FD86FD51FDBA" box="[612,737,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. distincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAF7904FD3CFD88FC97FDBA" box="[744,807,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FD3CFD88FC97FDBA" bold="true" box="[744,807,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with congeneric species associated with corals that also have shoe-shaped avicularium:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FDD4FDA2FCF1FD5E" authority="(Busk, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[512,833,620,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FDD4FDA2FD12FD5E" box="[512,674,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FD60FDA3FC89FD5E" box="[692,825,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref16758" refString="Busk, G. (1884) Report on the Polyzoa. The Cheilostomata. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 10 (30), 1 - 216." type="journal article">Busk, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two distal oral spines and a narrow, usually tall lyrula, numerous avicularia on the frontal surface and other
|
||
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAF7904FC9EFD5FFC35FD72" box="[842,901,656,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of avicularia (small and short triangular, large oval, and an additional triangular frontal avicularium);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FCD9FD7AFBFFFD17" authority="(Thornely, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thornely" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[781,1103,692,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="protecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FCD9FD7AFC37FD16" box="[781,903,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. protecta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FC4CFD7BFBF7FD17" box="[920,1095,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref20799" refString="Thornely, L. R. (1905) Report on the Polyzoa collected by Professor Herdmann, at Ceylon, in 1902. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manar, 4, 107 - 130." type="journal article">Thornely, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles the new Abrolhos species in its avicularia, orifice and lyrula shape but has two oral spines (rarely three), a well-developed peristome forming a long sharp protuberance in the suboral region, the rounded avicularium has an incomplete crossbar, the triangular avicularium has a serrated rostrum, and the ooecium has larger and more irregular pores.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FB39FCEFFA2CFCE2" box="[1261,1436,800,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref19641" refString="Moyano, G. H. I. (1983) Southern Pacific Bryozoa: A general view with emphasis on Chilean species. Gayana Zoologia, 46, 1 - 45." type="journal article">Moyano (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FEDAFC8AFE5FFC86" authorityName="Moyano" authorityYear="1983" box="[270,495,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="proximoproducta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FEDAFC8AFE5FFC86" box="[270,495,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">P. proximoproducta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which can be distinguished in having several small and an elongate triangular avicularia near the orifice and lacking shoe-shaped avicularia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |