254 lines
27 KiB
XML
254 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371" ID-PMC="PMC5624209" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-85-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD4221CFFEFFF95FF88FF9CFFB0073D" ID-PubMed="29033662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="899223" ModsDocID="1314-2003-85-87" checkinTime="1504194352067" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Renner, Susanne S." docDate="2017" docId="2AEE362B71BF5E9E8E738B55A6069CFC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 85: 87-94" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 85" docPubDate="2017-08-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371" docTitle="Cucumis sativus subsp. var. var. xishuangbannanensis Qi & Yuan ex S. S. Renner 2017, var. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFD4221CFFEFFF95FF88FF9CFFB0073D" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFD4221CFFEFFF95FF88FF9CFFB0073D" masterDocTitle="A valid name for the Xishuangbanna gourd, a cucumber with carotene-rich fruits" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1668142048322" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A valid name for the Xishuangbanna gourd, a cucumber with carotene-rich fruits</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Renner, Susanne S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">renner@lmu.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-08-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>85</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-85-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD4221CFFEFFF95FF88FF9CFFB0073D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">899223</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2AEE362B71BF5E9E8E738B55A6069CFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AEE362B71BF5E9E8E738B55A6069CFC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2AEE362B-71BF-5E9E-8E73-8B55A6069CFC" authority="Qi & Yuan ex S. S. Renner" authorityName="Qi & Yuan ex S. S. Renner" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cucumis sativus subsp. var. var. xishuangbannanensis" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" status="var. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="xishuangbannanensis">Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanensis Qi & Yuan ex S.S.Renner</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="88">var. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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Differs from all other forms of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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C.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">sativus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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in producing thick-cylindric fruits that have ≥ 5 carpels and at maturity a non-bitter orange pulp (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Section of a mature fruit of Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanensis. Reproduced from Staub et al. (2011)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153307" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">2</figureCitation>
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), while
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. hardwickii" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="hardwickii">var. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="sativus">var. sativus</taxonomicName>
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both have 3 carpels and green pulp, which in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. hardwickii" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="hardwickii">var. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
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is bitter, in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="sativus">var. sativus</taxonomicName>
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non-bitter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="molecular diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Molecular diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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Verifiable DNA differences (characters): On chromosome 3, within the physical interval that spans the
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">ore</emphasis>
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gene, Xishuangbanna cucumbers carry asparagine, whereas all other
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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C.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">sativus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(37 from East Asia, 29 from Eurasia,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="89" start="start">30</pageBreakToken>
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from India) and homologous proteins from ten other species of flowering plants carry alanine at this site. This amino acid change at residue 257 (p.Ala257Asp) in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Csa3G183920</emphasis>
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, affects a gene encoding a putative
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<normalizedToken originalValue="β-carotene">β-carotene</normalizedToken>
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hydroxylase, designated
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">CsaBCH1</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" author="Qi, J" journalOrPublisher="Nature Genetics" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1510 - 1515" refId="B16" refString="Qi, J, Liu, X, Shen, D, Miao, H, Xie, B, Li, X, Zeng, P, Wang, S, Shang, Y, Gu, X, Du, Y, Li, Y, Yang, X, Chen, J, Chen, H, Xiong, X, Huang, K, Fei, Z, Mao, L, Tian, L, Staedler, T, Renner, SS, Kamoun, S, Lucas, WJ, Zhang, Z, Huang, S, 2013. A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity. Nature Genetics 45: 1510 - 1515, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" title="A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" volume="45" year="2013">Qi et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
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; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Physical position of the ore gene on Cucumis sativus chromosome 3. Blue diamonds below the seven chromosomes indicate the positions of 43 SNPs c Mutation at residue 257 changing the conserved amino acid of a putative β-carotene hydroxylase (CsaBCH 1). Xishuangbanna group cucumbers carry asparagine, whereas all other cucumbers and homologous proteins from ten other species carry alanine d CsaBCH 1 mRNA levels in Xishuangbanna cucumbers that accumulate β-carotene. Reproduced from Qi et al. (2013)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153308" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-07-18" collectingDateMax="2017-07-20" collectingDateMin="2017-07-18" country="CHINA" county="Xishuangbanna region" elevation="1200" location="Mengla county" municipality="Menglun" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Xishuangbanna region</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Menglun</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2AEE362B71BF5E9E8E738B55A6069CFC:7F12FD2D4F602D6E3015CC92700436B2" country="CHINA" county="Xishuangbanna region" municipality="Menglun" name="Mengla county" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Mengla county</location>
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.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2AEE362B71BF5E9E8E738B55A6069CFC:66A49C9E268BD8C3F5E65811798FC157" country="CHINA" county="Xishuangbanna region" municipality="Menglun" name="Farmland" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Farmland</location>
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of the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2AEE362B71BF5E9E8E738B55A6069CFC:C4C6C0460DD709A258EB1D02C1404FDD" country="CHINA" county="Xishuangbanna region" municipality="Menglun" name="Jinuo" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Jinuo</location>
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people at
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, collected in flower on
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<collectingDate value="2017-07-18">18 July 2017</collectingDate>
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; young fruits photographed on
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<collectingDate value="2017-07-20">20 July 2017</collectingDate>
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to show the pulp just beginning to turn orange; Chang Yanfen 1141 (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: PE; isotypes; IBSC, K, KUN, L, M, MO,
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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, XTBG).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">China (Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam, probably also Myanmar/Burma.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Flowering in July, mature fruits from the end of August onward (personal observation by Chang Yanfen).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Habitat, cultivation, and use.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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Growing in a tropical warm, humid climate above 1000 m alt. This form of cucumber has long been cultivated by the Jinuo, Hani, and Aini ethnic groups of China, Laos, and Vietnam, who call it
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘shihuo’">'shihuo'</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Physiology" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="B4" refString="Chen, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, 1994. The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep.17: 18-20." title="The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep. 17: 18 - 20." year="1994">Chen et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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; Chang Yanfen, personal communication, July 2017) or 'da huang
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<normalizedToken originalValue="gua’">gua'</normalizedToken>
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(big cucumber) and 'shan huang
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<normalizedToken originalValue="gua’">gua'</normalizedToken>
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(mountain cucumber;
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<bibRefCitation author="Yang, SL" journalOrPublisher="Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="29 - 31" refId="B25" refString="Yang, SL, Pu, H, Liu, PY, Walters, TW, 1991. Preliminary studies on Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 14: 29 - 31" title="Preliminary studies on Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]." volume="14" year="1991">Yang et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). Local farmers intercrop
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="90" start="start">gourd</pageBreakToken>
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plants with dry rice, and cultivate three regional types, called Cattle shihuo, Ivory shihuo, and Round shihuo (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Physiology" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="B4" refString="Chen, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, 1994. The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep.17: 18-20." title="The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep. 17: 18 - 20." year="1994">Chen et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). They sow the seeds in April and harvest fruits from August to October/November. The Xishuangbanna gourd has primary stems 6-7 meters long and 20-40 lateral branches; plants are monoecious, and nodes often bear one female and one male flower (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Physiology" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="B4" refString="Chen, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, 1994. The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep.17: 18-20." title="The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep. 17: 18 - 20." year="1994">Chen et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). A single plant can bear about 10 mature fruits with a yield of 10-20 kilograms per plant (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Physiology" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="B4" refString="Chen, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, 1994. The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep.17: 18-20." title="The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep. 17: 18 - 20." year="1994">Chen et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). Like other cucumbers in China, the fruits are eaten raw or boiled, sliced, and spiced (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yang, SL" journalOrPublisher="Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="29 - 31" refId="B25" refString="Yang, SL, Pu, H, Liu, PY, Walters, TW, 1991. Preliminary studies on Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 14: 29 - 31" title="Preliminary studies on Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]." volume="14" year="1991">Yang et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Physiology" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="B4" refString="Chen, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, 1994. The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep.17: 18-20." title="The Xishuangbanna gourd (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic] Qi et Yuan), a traditionally cultivated plant of the Hanai people, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rep. 17: 18 - 20." year="1994">Chen et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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The epithet was proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Qi, C" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae Sinica" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="259 - 264" refId="B15" refString="Qi, C, Yuan, Z, Li, Y, 1983. A new type of cucumber - Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 10: 259 - 264" title="A new type of cucumber - Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]." volume="10" year="1983">Qi et al. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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and refers to the geographic occurrence.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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The monograph of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cucumis" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Cucumis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirkbride, JH" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="B7" refString="Kirkbride, JH, 1993. Biosystematic monograph of the genus Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): botanical identification of cucumbers and melons. Parkway Publishers, Boone NC." title="Biosystematic monograph of the genus Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): botanical identification of cucumbers and melons. Parkway Publishers, Boone NC." year="1993">Kirkbride (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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mentions
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<bibRefCitation author="Qi, C" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae Sinica" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="259 - 264" refId="B15" refString="Qi, C, Yuan, Z, Li, Y, 1983. A new type of cucumber - Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 10: 259 - 264" title="A new type of cucumber - Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis [sic]." volume="10" year="1983">Qi et al.'s (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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paper on the Xishuangbanna cucumber in the discussion following
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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C.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">sativus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(with the erroneous spelling '
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="xishuangbannanesis" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xishuangbannanesis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">xishuangbannanesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
' of the original paper), but does not formally treat the name because Kirkbride, of course, knew that the name was not valid for lack of a
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
and a Latin diagnosis or description. KUN has three specimens from Yunnan of which Kirkbride in 1991 annotated one as '
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">sativus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
', while the other two are annotated by Chinese taxonomists as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. hardwickii" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="hardwickii">var. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Without mature fruits (whose carpel number could be determined) or DNA sequencing, it cannot be decided whether any of these specimen might represent the orange cucumber. I have not found any herbarium specimens annotated as '
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Qi & Yuan ex S. S. Renner" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. xishuangbannanensis" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="xishuangbannanensis">var. xishuangbannanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
' despite numerous emails (cf. Acknowledgements).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="995461" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153306" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Cucumber populations.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">a</emphasis>
|
||
The core collection of 115 lines re-sequenced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" author="Qi, J" journalOrPublisher="Nature Genetics" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1510 - 1515" refId="B16" refString="Qi, J, Liu, X, Shen, D, Miao, H, Xie, B, Li, X, Zeng, P, Wang, S, Shang, Y, Gu, X, Du, Y, Li, Y, Yang, X, Chen, J, Chen, H, Xiong, X, Huang, K, Fei, Z, Mao, L, Tian, L, Staedler, T, Renner, SS, Kamoun, S, Lucas, WJ, Zhang, Z, Huang, S, 2013. A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity. Nature Genetics 45: 1510 - 1515, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" title="A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" volume="45" year="2013">Qi et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Colour codes indicate geographic groups
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">b</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit morphology of the four groups. The cucumber line CG1601 (East Asian) bears fruits with dense, white spines and an elongated stalk. Fruits of cucumber line CG5278 (Eurasian) lack spines and have a short fruit stalk. Cucumber line CG9164 (Xishuangbanna) bears melon-like fruits with a low fruit shape index (length/width) and a unique orange endocarp. Cucumber line CG0002 (Indian) bears small, oval fruits with sparse, black spines. Note that the images differ in scale. Reproduced from Qi et al. including Renner (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="995463" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153307" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Section of a mature fruit of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Qi & Yuan ex S. S. Renner" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cucumis sativus subsp. var. var. xishuangbannanensis" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sativus" subSpecies="var." variety="xishuangbannanensis">Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Staub, JE" journalOrPublisher="HortScience" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1426 - 1427" refId="B24" refString="Staub, JE, Simon, PW, Cuevas, HE, 2011. USDA, ARS EOM 402-10 high b-carotene cucumber. HortScience 46: 1426 - 1427" title="USDA, ARS EOM 402 - 10 high b-carotene cucumber." volume="46" year="2011">Staub et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="995465" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.17371.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153308" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Physical position of the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">ore</emphasis>
|
||
gene on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cucumis sativus" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Cucumis sativus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
chromosome 3. Blue diamonds below the seven chromosomes indicate the positions of 43 SNPs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">c</emphasis>
|
||
Mutation at residue 257 changing the conserved amino acid of a putative
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="β-carotene">β-carotene</normalizedToken>
|
||
hydroxylase (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">CsaBCH1</emphasis>
|
||
). Xishuangbanna group cucumbers carry asparagine, whereas all other cucumbers and homologous proteins from ten other species carry alanine
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">d</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">CsaBCH1</emphasis>
|
||
mRNA levels in Xishuangbanna cucumbers that accumulate
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="β-carotene">β-carotene</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" author="Qi, J" journalOrPublisher="Nature Genetics" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" pagination="1510 - 1515" refId="B16" refString="Qi, J, Liu, X, Shen, D, Miao, H, Xie, B, Li, X, Zeng, P, Wang, S, Shang, Y, Gu, X, Du, Y, Li, Y, Yang, X, Chen, J, Chen, H, Xiong, X, Huang, K, Fei, Z, Mao, L, Tian, L, Staedler, T, Renner, SS, Kamoun, S, Lucas, WJ, Zhang, Z, Huang, S, 2013. A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity. Nature Genetics 45: 1510 - 1515, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" title="A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2801" volume="45" year="2013">Qi et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |