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<document id="C210F006320E45312AC334D314D1FD70" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3986.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c0709d6-a583-4253-b9b6-bcf5e5d3e8f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244398" ID-ZooBank="E348A984-7A2C-46D7-A2AD-2B0E89BF95AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461264957410" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maldaner, Maria E., Nunes, Rafael V. &amp; Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2015" docId="03D987CF5478FFB17DBBF99EFD1EFEAA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03986p560.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3986 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) opalescens Felsche 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="555" masterDocId="FFE0FFB7547CFFB77D2CFFACFFDEFFEA" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="560" masterPageNumber="549" pageNumber="553" updateTime="1698610292206" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="B9A1FF7DBF045BB486EF3B0E4BF3A21A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E986C20271F8DF92CE2FE62DF0DE6A0B">
<mods:title id="21D810CC6D56973D64F3122D1CDFF8D8">Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5ADD42B08CAD1E1E1041C5D6AEA1139B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3B26864193DAEDE1B789C924E8443AB5">
<mods:roleTerm id="2F36B2E9432258BE5A93DBFAAF8110EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="74DD5DDCB980C2CEA91A2C8CB4226E1A">Maldaner, Maria E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4802604283CC8B9A5A5C6F15CD3F2FE2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A9BA863E14C74D572220E686CEC312C3">
<mods:roleTerm id="ADD7B0B52734938588082449F21DDE95">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D65E4DEFB88BEEDFF535433FAE38F95C">Nunes, Rafael V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C783AF7DDFED58CF0382E896841503DB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8A2B6E04C2612CD778E4631CD6987B60">
<mods:roleTerm id="A600BDCB4A939AA360BBD8345D717CB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="979F5130178257B6641C8B872427AC40">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8A6D286A4AEA83E1D95DF5184FB3F77F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0AEEA341230A728298B6BD906DCC25BF">
<mods:title id="9F2D1CAF1A7ADA2B14D14816F81309D1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7B88EBB8F1A19A7B16D8F4149AAC7DF1">
<mods:date id="5D317362AD8F92E4F470385E04580F2B">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7FEF130484486D29B7EB292A192705E7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E98A2EC0065513DCCBC6F192E09DB7D8">3986</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EB423158AAEEEE3F24AFD87E1A29DF09" type="issue">
<mods:number id="463222FB8E910AF6FBB244B50D97047E">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A6D22C5FEF748458012BC81529344129">549</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="693CB9222092487F70A85A9B1F86C34B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F32E4111631735BD068F7DC758B932FA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3986.5.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="756A978E6D752F5BDC394DB2A77B68FB" type="GBIF-Dataset">9c0709d6-a583-4253-b9b6-bcf5e5d3e8f9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B7037E838F98095797930669FEE60899" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D987CF5478FFB17DBBF99EFD1EFEAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6109948" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6109948" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987CF5478FFB17DBBF99EFD1EFEAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987CF5478FFB17DBBF99EFD1EFEAA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<subSubSection id="C36A65525478FFB37DBBF99EFC71F946" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF99EFC82F9A6" blockId="4.[151,860,1586,1646]" box="[151,860,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<heading id="D08781B55478FFB37DBBF99EFC82F9A6" bold="true" box="[151,860,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37DBBF99EFC82F9A6" ID-CoL="35NCN" authority="Felsche, 1910" authorityName="Felsche" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,860,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF99EFC82F9A6" bold="true" box="[151,860,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF99EFD42F9A6" bold="true" box="[151,668,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) opalescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285478FFB37F87F99EFC8AF9A6" author="Felsche" box="[683,852,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" refString="Felsche, C. (1910) Ueber coprophage Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 339 - 352." type="journal article" year="1910">Felsche, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF9F9FF32F984" blockId="4.[151,860,1586,1646]" box="[151,236,1621,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF9F9FF7EF984" bold="true" box="[151,160,1621,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5478FFB37D8CF9F9FF3CF984" box="[160,226,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[168,1424,600,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,589,1647]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius opalescens (Felsche). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. opalescens. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244401/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF93BFC71F946" blockId="4.[151,1436,1686,1831]" box="[151,943,1686,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F75478FFB37DBBF93BFC71F946" box="[151,943,1686,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37DBBF93BFE17F946" ID-CoL="4HZWM" authority="Waterhouse" authorityName="Waterhouse" box="[151,457,1686,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF93BFE92F946" box="[151,332,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Pinotus speciosus</emphasis>
Waterhouse
</taxonomicName>
pro part:
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C85478FFB37F00F93AFD3BF946" author="Felsche" box="[556,741,1686,1708]" page="145" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285478FFB37F00F93AFD6BF946" author="Felsche" box="[556,693,1686,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" refString="Felsche, C. (1901) Beschreibungen coprophager Scarabeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 2, 135 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Felsche 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 145
</treatmentCitation>
(misidentification);
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A65525478FFB37DBBF91AFB61F81C" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF91AFAB0F921" blockId="4.[151,1436,1686,1831]" box="[151,1390,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F75478FFB37DBBF91AFAB0F921" box="[151,1390,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37DBBF91AFDC4F921" ID-CoL="4HZVJ" authority="Felsche 1910: 342" authorityName="Felsche" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,538,1717,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF91AFE84F921" box="[151,346,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Pinotus opalescens</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C85478FFB37C4CF919FDC4F921" author="Felsche" box="[352,538,1717,1739]" page="342" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285478FFB37C4CF919FE37F921" author="Felsche" box="[352,489,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" refString="Felsche, C. (1910) Ueber coprophage Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 339 - 352." type="journal article" year="1910">Felsche 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 342
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(original description);
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C85478FFB37E28F919FC42F921" author="Gillet" box="[772,924,1717,1739]" page="61" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285478FFB37E28F919FCA7F921" author="Gillet" box="[772,889,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" refString="Gillet, J. J. E. (1911) Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 38. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 100." type="journal article" year="1911">Gillet 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 61
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog);
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C85478FFB37926F919FB28F921" author="Blackwelder" box="[1034,1270,1717,1739]" page="207" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285478FFB37926F919FB18F921" author="Blackwelder" box="[1034,1222,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944 - 1957) Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, The West Indies and South America. Parts I through part 6. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, (Parts 1 - 6), 1 - 1492." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 207
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist);
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF978FEF1F8E2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1686,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F75478FFB37DBBF978FEF1F8E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37DBBF978FD0BF900" ID-CoL="6CS35" authority="Pereira 1953: 290" authorityName="Pereira" authorityPageNumber="290" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,725,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF978FDC9F900" box="[151,535,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) bucki</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C85478FFB37F32F978FD0BF900" author="Pereira" box="[542,725,1748,1770]" page="290" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285478FFB37F32F978FD7DF900" author="Pereira" box="[542,675,1748,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 290
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–293 (original description); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193 (checklist);
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB3785CF978FEF6F8E2" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">new synonym</emphasis>
;
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF8BDFC6AF8CD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1686,1831]" box="[151,948,1809,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37DBBF8BDFD92F8CD" ID-CoL="35NCN" box="[151,588,1809,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF8BDFD92F8CD" box="[151,588,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193 (citation)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DBBF8E1FA94F844" blockId="4.[151,1436,1869,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF8E1FE0EF88C" bold="true" box="[151,464,1869,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
Specimens studied.
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37CADF8E1FE15F88C" box="[385,459,1869,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37CD9F8E2FD52F88F" ID-CoL="35NCN" box="[501,652,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37CD9F8E2FD52F88F" box="[501,652,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">P. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37FB7F8E1FC03F88C" bold="true" box="[667,989,1869,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37FB7F8E1FCCFF88C" box="[667,785,1869,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
here designated:
</emphasis>
♂ Coll. Nonfried.
<collectingCountry id="F36776495478FFB3799EF8E2FAEDF88C" box="[1202,1331,1870,1894]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">BRASILIA</collectingCountry>
/
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37865F8E2FA53F88C" box="[1353,1421,1870,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Typus</typeStatus>
/ Coll. C. Felsche Kauf 20, 1918 /
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37F02F8DDFCD7F860" ID-CoL="35NCN" authority="Felsche" authorityName="Felsche" box="[558,777,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">opalescens Felsche</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F36776495478FFB37E3AF8DDFCA5F860" box="[790,891,1905,1930]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
[SMTD].
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37ED7F8DDFB6AF860" bold="true" box="[1019,1204,1905,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37ED7F8DDFB71F860" box="[1019,1199,1905,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D76FD505478FFB379ECF8DDFB31F863" box="[1216,1263,1905,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
1 ♀: same as
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37DBBF839FF20F844" box="[151,254,1941,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
but without identification label (♂1, ♂2 and ♀);
<collectingCountry id="F36776495478FFB37E0AF839FC55F844" box="[806,907,1941,1966]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
St. Catharina (♂3). See remarks below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DEBF815FB61F81C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1869,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
Of
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37DC7F816FE97F83B" ID-CoL="6CS35" box="[235,329,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DC7F816FE97F83B" box="[235,329,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">D. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37C74F815FE10F838" bold="true" box="[344,462,1977,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37C74F815FE17F838" box="[344,457,1977,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
S. F. Paula 1.35 / HOLÓTIPO /
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37E15F815FC16F83B" ID-CoL="44NT" box="[825,968,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37E15F815FC16F83B" box="[825,968,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Dichotomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
♂
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5478FFB37EC6F815FBF9F83B" ID-CoL="6CS35" box="[1002,1063,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37EC6F815FBF9F83B" box="[1002,1063,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B05478FFB37901F816FBB7F83B" box="[1069,1129,1978,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
P. Pereira det.953 [MZSP].
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DBBF871FE73F81C" bold="true" box="[151,429,2013,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
Allotype and
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5478FFB37C1BF871FE73F81C" box="[311,429,2013,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: same locality (
<specimenCount id="9D76FD505478FFB37F73F872FD27F81C" box="[607,761,2013,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
MZSP;
<specimenCount id="9D76FD505478FFB37E7BF872FCA4F81C" box="[855,890,2014,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
1 ♀ NHML;
<specimenCount id="9D76FD505478FFB37938F872FBE9F81F" box="[1044,1079,2014,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
1 ♀ IRSN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A65525479FFB27DEBFF3BFB27FE8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95479FFB27DEBFF3BFB27FE8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27DEBFF3BFE76FF5A" bold="true" box="[199,424,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Non-type material.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36776495479FFB27C82FF34FDC8FF5A" box="[430,534,152,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27F0CFF3BFD21FF5A" bold="true" box="[544,767,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Rio Grande do Sul</emphasis>
: São Francisco de Paula.
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27932FF34FBA0FF5A" box="[1054,1150,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">FLONA</collectionCode>
, floresta ombrófila mista. Hum. faec.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27C30FF10FE54FF3E" box="[284,394,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2008-01-13">13.I.2008</date>
. L. Audino [
<specimenCount id="9D76FD505479FFB27F36FF10FDE1FF3F" box="[538,575,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
8♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27F5FFF10FD19FF3E" box="[627,711,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; same locality but
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27E88FF10FBDAFF3E" box="[932,1028,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">FLONA</collectionCode>
, eucalipto.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB279AAFF10FB2FFF3E" box="[1158,1265,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2008-01-13">13.I.2008</date>
[♂ ♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27811FF10FA4FFF3E" box="[1341,1425,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; same locality but
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27C4DFF4CFE1FFF12" box="[353,449,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">FLONA</collectionCode>
, PROMATA.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27F4DFF4CFCC9FF12" box="[609,791,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2009-12-10" valueMax="2009-12-13" valueMin="2009-12-10">10–13.XII.2009</date>
. P. C. Grossi [♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27EF5FF4CFBF3FF12" box="[985,1069,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Taimbezinho. Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27C8FFEA8FE2BFEF7" box="[419,501,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="1960-02">II.1960</date>
[♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27F0EFEA8FDA8FEF6" box="[546,630,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Cambará do Sul.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27E61FEA8FC69FEF7" box="[845,951,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="1985-01-06">06.I.1985</date>
[♂
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27EC9FEA8FBE7FEF6" box="[997,1081,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
];
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27967FEA8FADDFEF7" bold="true" box="[1099,1283,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Santa Catarina</emphasis>
: Bom Jardim da Serra. Mantiqueira.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27CB0FE84FDD4FEAA" box="[412,522,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2002-01-03">03.I.2002</date>
. C. Arioli [
<specimenCount id="9D76FD505479FFB27FA6FE84FD63FEAA" box="[650,701,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="generic">13♂</specimenCount>
; 6♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27FD4FE84FC92FEAA" box="[760,844,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; same locality
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27ED1FE84FBBDFEAA" box="[1021,1123,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2001-12">XII.2001</date>
[♂ 2♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB27991FE84FACFFEAA" box="[1213,1297,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Urubici. P. N. São Joaquim.
<date id="FFCE10195479FFB27C7BFEE0FDDDFE8E" box="[343,515,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2012-03-16" valueMax="2012-03-19" valueMin="2012-03-16">16–19.III.2012</date>
. -
<geoCoordinate id="EE44501E5479FFB27F38FEE0FDA1FE8F" box="[532,639,332,357]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" precision="5" value="-28.1206">28.1206S</geoCoordinate>
/-
<geoCoordinate id="EE44501E5479FFB27FA3FEE0FCD6FE8F" box="[655,776,332,357]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" precision="5" value="-49.4943">49.4943W</geoCoordinate>
. Grossi, Parizotto &amp; Leivas. [♂ 3♀
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C5479FFB279B7FEE0FB31FE8E" box="[1179,1263,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">CEMT</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A65525479FFB27DEBFEC3FD8CFDFD" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95479FFB27DEBFEC3FD8CFDFD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27DEBFEC3FE9FFE62" bold="true" box="[199,321,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Within the group,
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27F18FEDDFD06FE62" box="[564,728,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27F18FEDDFD06FE62" box="[564,728,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species bearing the following combination of characters: body surface blue to bluish green with some individuals having reddish brown elytra (
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5479FFB279D8FE38FAE8FE46" box="[1268,1334,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[168,1424,600,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,589,1647]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius opalescens (Felsche). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. opalescens. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244401/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B, 6); males cephalic carina bearing one acute tubercle at each end; male pronotum bearing a centrally projected lobe, with a longitudinal sulcus producing a pair of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5479FFB27E23FE70FC8FFE1E" box="[783,849,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[168,1424,600,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,589,1647]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius opalescens (Felsche). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. opalescens. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244401/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). This species has a detailed published description made by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285479FFB27DD1FE53FE40FDF2" author="Pereira" box="[253,414,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
under
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27CC0FDADFD94FDF2" box="[492,586,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27CC0FDADFD94FDF2" box="[492,586,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0F66515479FFB27DBBF929FCB8F953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244401/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" targetBox="[168,1424,600,1629]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95479FFB27DBBF929FCB8F953" blockId="5.[151,1436,1668,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27DBBF929FEE3F971" bold="true" box="[151,317,1668,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">FIGURE 3. (A)</emphasis>
dorsal habitus of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27F17F928FC44F970" authority="Felsche" authorityName="Felsche" box="[571,922,1668,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27F17F928FCECF970" box="[571,818,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Dichotomius opalescens</emphasis>
(Felsche)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27E88F928FC18F971" bold="true" box="[932,966,1668,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">(B)</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus of a female
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB279F2F92AFAB2F970" box="[1246,1388,1668,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB279F2F92AFAB2F970" box="[1246,1388,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27855F928FA42F971" bold="true" box="[1401,1436,1668,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">(C)</emphasis>
Ventral view of a male paramera.
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27CC1F90FFDCFF950" bold="true" box="[493,529,1699,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">(D)</emphasis>
Lateral view of a male paramera.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36A65525479FFB17DEBF953FA5EFF3F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95479FFB17DEBF953FA5EFF3F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1791,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27DEBF953FEE5F8F2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1791,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285479FFB27C6EF953FE36F8F2" author="Felsche" box="[322,488,1791,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" refString="Felsche, C. (1901) Beschreibungen coprophager Scarabeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 2, 135 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Felsche (1901)</bibRefCitation>
cited that his specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27E33F8ACFC78F8FD" box="[799,934,1792,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27E33F8ACFC78F8FD" box="[799,934,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">P. speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had colors different from those described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285479FFB27DBBF88FFEADF8D6" author="Waterhouse" box="[151,371,1827,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1891) New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fourth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 6 (8), 348 - 363." type="journal article" year="1891">Waterhouse (1891)</bibRefCitation>
: Those of Felsche were entirely grayish blue or blue with brown elytra (
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5479FFB27996F88FFADFF8D6" box="[1210,1281,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[155,1425,709,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,697,1849]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. color variation of Dichotomius speciosus and D. opalescens. (A) green-to-red female D. speciosus. (B) green female D. speciosus. (C) red female D. speciosus. (D) dark blue female D. opalescens. (E) female D. opalescens with light brown elytra. All specimens of D. speciosus are from Campos do Jordão and all specimens of D. opalescens are from São Francisco de Paula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), and he first considered this as a color variation within
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27FB4F8E4FCEDF8B5" box="[664,819,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27FB4F8E4FCF1F8B5" box="[664,815,1864,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">D. speciosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Nine years later,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285479FFB27922F8EBFB64F88A" author="Felsche" box="[1038,1210,1863,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" refString="Felsche, C. (1910) Ueber coprophage Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 339 - 352." type="journal article" year="1910">Felsche (1910)</bibRefCitation>
reinterpreted these variations considering these specimens to be the
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5479FFB27F95F8C0FD2AF86E" box="[697,756,1900,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">types</typeStatus>
of the new species
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27EFCF8C0FBB8F869" box="[976,1126,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27EFCF8C0FBB8F869" box="[976,1126,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">P. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285479FFB27958F8C7FAC8F86E" author="Pereira" box="[1140,1302,1899,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
, considered that maybe
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27C37F83CFE74F84D" box="[283,426,1936,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27C37F83CFE74F84D" box="[283,426,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27CCEF83CFD5EF84D" box="[482,640,1935,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27CCEF83CFD5EF84D" box="[482,640,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were synonymous, because the specimens he analyzed came from the same location, and he thus described
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27F1BF818FD48F821" box="[567,662,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27F1BF818FD48F821" box="[567,662,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species. Examination of the
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5479FFB2796CF818FBA5F826" box="[1088,1147,1972,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB279B3F818FAE2F821" box="[1183,1340,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB279B3F818FAE2F821" box="[1183,1340,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
allowed us to resolve the correct application of this last name, relegating
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5479FFB27EA1F874FC2EF805" box="[909,1008,2007,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
<emphasis id="B904EACB5479FFB27EA1F874FC2EF805" box="[909,1008,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">D. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonymy. The
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5479FFB279F8F874FAF5F81A" box="[1236,1323,2008,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
♂1 (here considered as
<typeStatus id="54CB887B547AFFB17C19FF3BFE10FF5A" box="[309,462,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547AFFB17CD6FF35FD4EFF5A" box="[506,656,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
<emphasis id="B904EACB547AFFB17CD6FF35FD4EFF5A" box="[506,656,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">P. opalescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in fact a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547AFFB17E8DFF35FBE5FF5A" box="[929,1083,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvarengai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B904EACB547AFFB17E8DFF35FBE5FF5A" box="[929,1083,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">D. alvarengai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B904EACB547AFFB1796EFF3BFB0DFF5A" bold="true" box="[1090,1235,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B0547AFFB1796EFF3BFB10FF5A" box="[1090,1230,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54CB887B547AFFB179F6FF3BFAACFF5A" box="[1242,1394,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
♂2 is blue with red/brown elytra, a color variation that may be characteristic of younger/teneral individuals (
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547AFFB17802FF10FAACFF3F" box="[1326,1394,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[155,1425,709,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,697,1849]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. color variation of Dichotomius speciosus and D. opalescens. (A) green-to-red female D. speciosus. (B) green female D. speciosus. (C) red female D. speciosus. (D) dark blue female D. opalescens. (E) female D. opalescens with light brown elytra. All specimens of D. speciosus are from Campos do Jordão and all specimens of D. opalescens are from São Francisco de Paula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A6552547AFFB17DEBFF73FD1EFEAA" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547AFFB17DEBFF73FD1EFEAA" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">
<emphasis id="B904EACB547AFFB17DEBFF73FEBEFF12" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Distribution.</emphasis>
Above 1000 meters in the Serra Geral mountain range, known from the south of the state of Santa Catarina and north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, but could be present also in northern areas of Santa Catarina and Southern Paraná states (
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547AFFB17F15FE8BFDA5FEAA" box="[569,635,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[155,1420,691,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,685,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. distribution map of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) species group, except for D. malyi, with uncertain locality. (A) Distribution of D. speciosus, D. opalescens (Felsche) and D. alvarengai n. sp. (B) detailed map of the distribution of D. speciosus and D. alvarengai n. sp. showing Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra da Boqueira Ranges. (C) Detailed distribution of D. opalescens showing the Serra Geral range." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244405/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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