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<document id="E1C8D6A3FD6484A82854E2D3A4FD1891" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fb83006-f93c-4492-aed0-f5f0707f553e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286956" ID-ZooBank="7DE3BCBA-E5F0-4F0D-B2FD-B5B59E4DAE51" checkinTime="1460883007773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Schories, Dirk, Försterra, Günter &amp; Häussermann, Verena" docDate="2014" docId="03D92A2C477DFFCEFF5187155D01A7DA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03852p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3852 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@4b05a9b1" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Halecium modestum Galea &amp; Schories, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFE052544768FFD8FFC68437590FA657" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698345302202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="0DDF8F0B579D37F9DC8020B823D16C46" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D9E7AE38448F1A048DAED607C62BD8D6">
<mods:title id="FA4AD6FF293909C617BA1B66A4D5AEA3">New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C491BB1F72B36B8C5AB9687F58ED227B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F9E8A6C70B84593397B7D5A210F09315">
<mods:roleTerm id="BDEC524F55119BF227D7B9CC3BF4F5B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D135C778BD1BDA5980C5B566378A9CA9">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F820BFC15A6857661EB11682B42E6092" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2FBF41AA770F99D6F95DA783733293F2">
<mods:roleTerm id="F4076AE991FF55079EE2656098870E3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="639745F52CC3F718EC394EF109DD0A4E">Schories, Dirk</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7EAA4169AD955231A0B77B043BE88A6F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="18206022B939F0FAB6F9E71F5DDD71C7">
<mods:roleTerm id="509B8111AB4AC8BD82FEFD240A618A24">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9D2D2E333ED525CE1260A25084873AA0">Försterra, Günter</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6C163A1F0C80E11230EEBE410E90CA36" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7375141E3E9527CFC1218CF21790A784">
<mods:roleTerm id="970722C2BEA9612BCD1FBAE9D430554B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1B55A55B2BBD06EDD2493EFF561D4956">Häussermann, Verena</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8DD594E31B0E99774E9921785CED41DD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="62F2BD2580F631048431E461EA8953A6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="CC06CF35A28990A1BCF40D5C1C5B3957">
<mods:title id="B0A07E939BE00974150A6559E9DA3ACE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="07BBD2815A2FEF3BF893DEE1302B596D">
<mods:date id="06ADB564E41BD9210E03B7EDE1F24CB1">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BCFE743DEDF56C4E3BE5587B49914083" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BD71509502C2F7D1D5F4A3520B693517">3852</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="65DE7F63FE43BBCAC2CDEA9DFCDD5645" type="issue">
<mods:number id="30BCEFC12F594FF198AE7E65F4279EB9">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="DD93BC3AD7329DC0CFD0B22137AB61EA">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A36AFA5E4287FE3C30C414A88309BB5A">50</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="AD4706EF24430ADCFA3C09181A06F1E2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="931B6F1835299A26D2231CF43562B397" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6AD76411287207314F1814F81A8AF9B4" type="GBIF-Dataset">2fb83006-f93c-4492-aed0-f5f0707f553e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A67F0C8EB9815480D4FE0BCB7B35F279" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9FAC3D7EB255805079673308D33159E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">286956</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A6B31F51BF5552B4CD9ABADCF98C6DAB" type="ZooBank">7DE3BCBA-E5F0-4F0D-B2FD-B5B59E4DAE51</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D92A2C477DFFCEFF5187155D01A7DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6143177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127669468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6143177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92A2C477DFFCEFF5187155D01A7DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D92A2C477DFFCEFF5187155D01A7DA" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477DFFCDFF5187155B4BA509" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF5187155BD1A56A" blockId="21.[151,734,802,862]" box="[151,734,802,829]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0872C56477DFFCDFF5187155BD1A56A" bold="true" box="[151,734,802,829]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF5187155BD1A56A" bold="true" box="[151,734,802,829]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFF5187155B7CA56A" ID-CoL="3JB5Q" authority="Galea &amp; Schories" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schories" box="[151,627,802,829]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF518715589EA56B" bold="true" box="[151,401,802,828]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Halecium modestum</emphasis>
Galea &amp; Schories
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477DFFCDFD4787145BD1A56A" box="[641,734,803,829]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF5187725B4BA509" blockId="21.[151,734,802,862]" box="[151,580,837,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(Plate
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF19877159E1A509" box="[223,238,838,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
C;
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFEC88772585BA509" box="[270,340,837,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figs
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFE808771585BA509" box="[326,340,838,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE808771585BA509" box="[326,340,838,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
</date>
</figureCitation>
I–L;
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE4D87715896A509" box="[395,409,838,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="3.0">3</number>
H;
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE7A877158C4A509" box="[444,459,838,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
F;
<tableCitation id="C6F2AE81477DFFCDFE2E87725B33A509" box="[488,572,837,862]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,198,625,645]" captionTargetBox="[123,1651,795,1735]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometrics of Halecium species discussed in the present study; dimensions in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2">
Table
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFDEB87715B33A509" box="[557,572,838,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477DFFCDFF5187B15B1EA2CC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF5187B15B1EA2CC" blockId="21.[151,1437,902,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF5187B15874A5C8" bold="true" box="[151,379,902,927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined</emphasis>
. Niebla, Bonifacio, lat. -
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD5087B15A0BA5C8" box="[662,772,902,927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="39.68333">39.68333</number>
, long. -
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFC9F87B15AC8A5C8" box="[857,967,902,927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="73.36667">73.36667</number>
,
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFC1287B15D51A5C8" box="[980,1118,902,927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08-07">07.viii.2012</date>
, 12 m, sample 02: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFA8887B15C93A5C8" box="[1358,1436,902,927]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
high male colony (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477DFFCDFEBB879C58ECA594" box="[381,483,939,963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD62879D5BE4A594" box="[676,747,938,963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="86214.0">86214</number>
). Corral, Chaihuin/Huiro, lat. -39.95000, long. -
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFAEC879D5C97A594" box="[1322,1432,938,963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="73.61667">73.61667</number>
,
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFF5187F85807A5B0" box="[151,264,975,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-10-03">03.x.2011</date>
, 8‒
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFEF687F85865A5B0" box="[304,362,975,999]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
, sample
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE0D87F858E4A5B0" box="[459,491,975,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="19.0">19</number>
: several colonies up to
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFD2B87F85A2BA5B0" box="[749,804,975,999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
high, some male and some female, on sponge (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477DFFCDFAF487F85C97A5B0" box="[1330,1432,975,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE8E87C55882A25C" box="[328,397,1010,1035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="86211.0">86211</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFE5987C45B1FA25C" box="[415,528,1011,1035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-10-03">03.x.2011</date>
, 10 m, sample
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD7F87C55BD6A25C" box="[697,729,1010,1035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="26.0">26</number>
: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFD3E87C45A21A25D" box="[760,814,1011,1035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
high male colony on sponge (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477DFFCDFB4687C45DE9A25C" box="[1152,1254,1011,1035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF51802159EDA278" box="[151,226,1046,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="86213.0">86213</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFF3380205869A278" box="[245,358,1047,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-10-17">
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF338020581EA278" box="[245,273,1047,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="17.0">17</number>
.x.2011
</date>
, 8 m, sample
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFDC480205B2DA278" box="[514,546,1047,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="22.0">22</number>
: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFD8780205B77A278" box="[577,632,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
high female colony on sponge and bryozoan (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477DFFCDFB4680205DE8A278" box="[1152,1255,1047,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF51800D59EDA204" box="[151,226,1082,1107]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="86212.0">86212</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFF30800D5860A204" box="[246,367,1082,1107]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-11-16">
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF30800D581DA204" box="[246,274,1082,1107]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
.xi.2011
</date>
, 8‒
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFE5F800C58DAA205" box="[409,469,1083,1107]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, sample 03: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFDBD800D5BBCA205" box="[635,691,1082,1107]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
high colony with some stems bearing female gonothecae, mostly immature (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477DFFCDFED480695875A220" box="[274,378,1118,1143]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holotype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFDFA80695B89A220" box="[572,646,1118,1143]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="86210.0">86210</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFD5480695A0DA220" box="[658,770,1118,1143]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-11-16">
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD5480695BA3A220" box="[658,684,1118,1143]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
.xi.2011
</date>
, 8‒
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFCEC80685A69A220" box="[810,870,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, sample 05: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFBCA80685D4BA220" box="[1036,1092,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
high sterile colony on sponge (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477DFFCDFF5880B4580AA2CC" box="[158,261,1155,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE0680B55B09A2CC" box="[448,518,1154,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="86215.0">86215</number>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477DFFCDFF0180915A4EA0ED" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF0180915A4EA0ED" blockId="21.[151,1437,902,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF018091585EA2E8" bold="true" box="[199,337,1190,1215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies bushy, up to
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFD9B80915B9AA2E8" box="[605,661,1190,1215]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
high (Pl.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFCC080905A1AA2E8" box="[774,789,1191,1215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
C), arising from rhizoid stolons. Stems and side branches polysiphonic. Distal, monosiphonic parts composed of a succession of moderately long, geniculate internodes, each with a bulge at both ends, as well as with a long, latero-distal hydrophore, greatly surpassing the level of distal node (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFF198125582AA37C" box="[223,293,1298,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig.
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFED18124582AA37C" box="[279,293,1299,1323]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFED18124582AA37C" box="[279,293,1299,1323]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
</date>
</figureCitation>
I–K); hydrophores given off alternately on successive internodes, each with a pseudodiaphragm on adaxial side (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFEE98101587BA318" box="[303,372,1334,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFEA38100587BA318" box="[357,372,1335,1359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
L). Hydrothecae with everted rim; renovations common. Side branches given off singly from either sides of the primary hydrophores (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFDB5816D5BB5A324" box="[627,698,1370,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig.
<date id="FFCEBDFA477DFFCDFD6C816C5BB5A324" box="[682,698,1371,1395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD6C816C5BB5A324" box="[682,698,1371,1395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
</date>
</figureCitation>
I), occasionally from within the hydrotheca (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFB06816D5C07A324" box="[1216,1288,1370,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFB3E816C5C07A324" box="[1272,1288,1371,1395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
J); additional branches originate from the auxiliary tubes running up the stems; major branches arising irregularly and in all planes, and generally set at acute angles with the stem. More numerous, relatively short branchlets, composed of only one or two internodes, are given off throughout the colony from the primary hydrophores, giving the stem and main branches a bottle brush appearance. Some other branchlets form tendrils distally, that anastomose with those of the neighbouring stems. Gonothecae borne of primary hydrophores, below the hydrothecal bases; male and female similar in frontal view, the former comparatively more flattened laterally and devoid of aperture; fertilization may occur inside the female gonotheca at least up to the blastula stage, as shown in Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFB38826D5C05A025" box="[1278,1290,1626,1650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="3.0">3</number>
H
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFAE682615C27A033" box="[1312,1320,1622,1636]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
. Cnidome (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFF59824A59F4A0C1" box="[159,251,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF1C824959E5A0C1" box="[218,234,1662,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
F
</figureCitation>
): small [(
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFEA8824A589DA0C1" box="[366,402,1661,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="5.7">5.7</number>
–6.0) × (
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFDC482495B57A0C1" box="[514,600,1662,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="3.0" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.1</number>
) µm] and large [
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFCED824A5AAFA0C1" box="[811,928,1661,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="10.45" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="10.3">10.3–10.6</number>
) × (
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFC1C824A5D3EA0C1" box="[986,1073,1661,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.75" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="4.6">4.6–4.9</number>
) µm] heteronemes (none seen discharged), microbasic mastigophores [(6.0–
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD5182965BB4A0ED" box="[663,699,1697,1722]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="6.3">6.3</number>
) ×
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFD2782955A0BA0ED" box="[737,772,1698,1722]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1.7">1.7</number>
µm].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477DFFCEFF0182F25AFFA748" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCEFF0182F25AFFA748" blockId="21.[151,1437,902,1942]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,397]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF0182F2583BA089" bold="true" box="[199,308,1733,1758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
. The typical mode of branching of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFD0482F15A59A08A" box="[706,854,1733,1757]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFD0482F15A59A08A" box="[706,854,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also shared by
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFBE682F15DBFA08A" box="[1056,1200,1734,1757]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFBE682F15DBFA08A" box="[1056,1200,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477DFFCDFB7182F15C01A08A" box="[1207,1294,1734,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see above), but there are several important features that distinguish both species:
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFC2A82DC5AF7A154" box="[1004,1016,1771,1795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1.0">1</number>
) the colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFB1282DC5C64A155" box="[1236,1387,1771,1794]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFB1282DC5C64A155" box="[1236,1387,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are comparatively larger and more robust than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFD1F83275A62A170" box="[729,877,1807,1831]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFD1F83275A62A170" box="[729,877,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(up to
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFC7B83385AFBA170" box="[957,1012,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFC3D83275D1DA170" box="[1019,1042,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">vs</emphasis>
. generally
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFB4983385DEAA170" box="[1167,1253,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
, exceptionally
<quantity id="4C8836DF477DFFCDFA48833859B3A11B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
, as on Pl.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFEF183035849A11B" box="[311,326,1844,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
C);
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFEB58303588DA11B" box="[371,386,1844,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
) their stems are invested only basally by a reduced number of secondary tubes, while both stems and branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFE5C836E5B20A126" box="[410,559,1881,1905]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFE5C836E5B20A126" box="[410,559,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are highly polysiphonic;
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFC94836E5A6FA126" box="[850,864,1881,1905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="3.0">3</number>
) the gonothecae of both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFB27836E5C7DA127" box="[1249,1394,1881,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFB27836E5C7DA127" box="[1249,1394,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are much bigger than those of the present species (see
<tableCitation id="C6F2AE81477DFFCDFD0A834A5A2EA1C1" box="[716,801,1917,1942]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,198,625,645]" captionTargetBox="[123,1651,795,1735]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometrics of Halecium species discussed in the present study; dimensions in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2">
Table
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFCD683495A2EA1C1" box="[784,801,1918,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
</tableCitation>
);
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFCF083495A4AA1C1" box="[822,837,1918,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
) there are
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFC7D83495D0FA1C1" box="[955,1024,1918,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13</number>
large (
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFB8B834A5DBEA1C1" box="[1101,1201,1917,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="267.5" valueMax="305.0" valueMin="230.0">230–305</number>
µm wide) oocytes in the female gonotheca of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFE0784AE5B59A6F8" box="[449,598,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFE0784AE5B59A6F8" box="[449,598,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while up to
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFD3984AF5A00A6E7" box="[767,783,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="9.0">9</number>
, smaller (
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFC4184A05AE5A6E7" box="[903,1002,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="215.0" valueMax="235.0" valueMin="195.0">195–235</number>
µm wide) cells are produced by
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFA4784AE5806A682" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFA4784AE5806A682" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFED1848B582AA682" box="[279,293,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="5.0">5</number>
) unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFE44848A5B1AA682" box="[386,533,189,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFE44848A5B1AA682" box="[386,533,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the male gonothecae of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFCE9848A5AB1A683" box="[815,958,189,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFCE9848A5AB1A683" box="[815,958,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are provided with a well-defined aperture, like the females (Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFE4B84D55894A6AD" box="[397,411,226,250]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="3.0">3</number>
F);
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFE0584D658DDA6AD" box="[451,466,225,250]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="6.0">6</number>
) both the small and large heteronemes of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFC6F84D55D31A6AE" box="[937,1086,225,249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFC6F84D55D31A6AE" box="[937,1086,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit much swollen capsules than their respective counterparts in
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFDE985305BB1A749" box="[559,702,263,286]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFDE985305BB1A749" box="[559,702,263,286]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477EFFCEFCF085315AEBA748" box="[822,996,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFCAF85305A78A748" box="[873,887,263,287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="4.0">4</number>
F and
<number id="3DB8891D477EFFCEFC7B85305AC2A748" box="[957,973,263,287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="4.0">4</number>
D
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<footnote id="E86B8734477DFFCDFF5183EC5D7DA1A6" box="[151,1138,2011,2033]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF5183EC5D7DA1A6" blockId="21.[151,1138,2011,2033]" box="[151,1138,2011,2033]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
13. The specimen NHM 2009.18 is designated as the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFCFF83EC5D11A1A6" box="[825,1054,2011,2033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tristaniensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFCFF83EC5D11A1A6" box="[825,1054,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Halecium tristaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477DFFCDFBE283EB5D7DA1A6" box="[1060,1138,2012,2033]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477EFFCEFF01851C5A9FA73F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477EFFCEFF01851C5A9FA73F" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFF01851C5849A713" bold="true" box="[199,326,299,324]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology</emphasis>
. From the Latin
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFDC0851C5BD4A715" box="[518,731,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477EFFCEFDC0851C5B61A714" box="[518,622,299,323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestus">modestus</taxonomicName>
(-a, -um)
</emphasis>
, with reference to its moderately high, less luxuriant colonies, and smaller gonothecae compared to those of the preceding species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477EFFCEFF0185435D01A7DA" box="[199,1038,372,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477EFFCEFF0185435D01A7DA" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,397]" box="[199,1038,372,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B9044728477EFFCEFF01854358B1A7DA" bold="true" box="[199,446,372,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA477EFFCEFEB8854358B1A7DA" box="[382,446,372,397]" name="Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chile</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Only known from the Valdivia area (present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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