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<document id="BE8C0087C2571E2A2219D1355807CD98" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.193142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a42ee44-d564-4f1e-805a-6c6bc918cd37" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460122395749" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soto-Adames, Felipe N." docDate="2010" docId="03B13638FF96FFD11DBF4699225CFB91" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02333p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2333" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Salina beta" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF884E40FF94FFD21D28457F261DFFE9" masterDocTitle="Review of the New World species of Salina (Collembola: Paronellidae) with bidentate mucro, including a key to all New World members of Salina" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="26" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698234924424" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6FF843FAFC24FFE739D92140E806152F">Review of the New World species of Salina (Collembola: Paronellidae) with bidentate mucro, including a key to all New World members of Salina</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B13638FF96FFD11DBF4699225CFB91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679203" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679203" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B13638FF96FFD11DBF4699225CFB91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B13638FF96FFD11DBF4699225CFB91" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph id="8BA7872EFF96FFD01DBF469927D0FBE9" blockId="2.[151,461,998,1024]" box="[151,461,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0EF3042FF96FFD01DBF469927D0FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,461,998,1024]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF96FFD01DBF469927D0FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,461,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF96FFD01DBF46992703FBE9" box="[151,286,998,1024]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF96FFD01DBF46992703FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,286,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Salina beta</emphasis>
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species group
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<paragraph id="8BA7872EFF96FFD11DBF414F222BFEA5" blockId="2.[151,1438,1072,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
Fourth antennal segment with apical papilla. Eyes (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01FD8414F2528FBA3" box="[752,821,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) A, B, E, F subequal, eyes C, D smaller, eyes G and H smallest; with 1 macro- and 2 microsetae in eyepatch (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01E4E412925B6FB99" box="[870,939,1110,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig.1</figureCitation>
). Ant. 1 with variable number of dorsal macrosetae according to the species. Dorsal head macrochaetotaxy as in
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD0193F4102227EFB7E" box="[1047,1123,1149,1175]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; macrosetae marked with arrows are smaller than others in some individuals of S.
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF96FFD01E6741DB25AFFB54" box="[847,946,1188,1213]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF96FFD01E6741DB25AFFB54" box="[847,946,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">wolcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF96FFD01EC641DB229CFB54" box="[1006,1153,1188,1213]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF96FFD01EC641DB229CFB54" box="[1006,1153,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">S. bidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; these macrosetae also apparently absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF96FFD01CB041B42423FB0D" box="[408,574,1227,1252]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventricolor">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF96FFD01CB041B42423FB0D" box="[408,574,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">S. ventricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Prelabral setae always ciliate and either 2 or 4, according to species; labrum with 5, 5, 4 smooth setae, internal pair on distal row enlarged, weakly spine-like (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD019D8418E2321FAE2" box="[1264,1340,1265,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); labral papillae 2+2 smooth mounds. Subapical seta of outer maxillary lobe acuminate, smooth and shorter than apical seta; sublobular plate with three seta-like processes. Labial palps with five proximal setae; hypostomal seta (H of
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FADFFF96FFD01C3C401A27DFFA96" author="Fjellberg" box="[276,450,1381,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Fjellberg, A. (1999) The labial palp in Collembola. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 309 - 330." type="journal article" year="1999">Fjellberg 1999</bibRefCitation>
) spine-like, h1 and h2 apically curved. Labial palp papillae A and C without guard setae; papillae B and D, with 5 and 4 guards, respectively; papilla E (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01EF940F32204FA4F" box="[977,1049,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) with two guards (apparently e1 and e2), lateral appendage blunt and not reaching tip of papilla. Labial triangle setae as MEL1–3, A1–4, all smooth. Most setae along cephalic groove (column CG) long acuminate and ciliate, in some species short smooth setae present between ciliate setae (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01F84437F24EAF9F3" box="[684,759,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), number of setae variable between and within species, individuals often with asymmetric number of setae; medial postlabial column (PLM) always with 2 long, ciliate acuminate setae, posterior seta inserted between setae CG1–2; external postlabial column (PLE) with variable number of setae, but column not well organized, often making it difficult to determine if a particular setae should be counted as part of column or not. Tergal macrochaetotaxy of Th. 2–Abd. 2 variable; Abd. 3 with 2 macrosetae typical for genus. Abd. 4 with at least 8 inner and 8–9 outer macrosetae, 2–3 marginal mesosetae, and 0–7 posterior microsetae arranged as in
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01EAD439725CAF8EB" box="[901,983,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, individuals of some species with supplementary macrosetae often asymmetrically distributed (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01EE442712234F8C1" box="[972,1065,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[199,1379,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[193,1398,151,1844]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 33. All figures show left aspect; arrowheads identify macrosetae absent or reduced in some individuals. 25 – 26 Salina beta; 25. Schematic distribution of macrosetae on Th. 2 – Abd. 2; 26. Th. 2; 27 – 33 S. thibaudi n. sp.; 27. Ant. 1; 28. Schematic distribution of macrosetae on Th. 2 – Abd. 2; 29. Th. 2; 30. Th. 3, setae 1 b, 2 b and 5 b are absent in most individuals examined; 31. Abd. 1; 32. Abd. 4, circles are macrosetae, dots are posterior setae; 33. Posterior chaetotaxy of collophore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193145/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Abd. 4 with 2 bothriotricha, presumably homologous to those in all Entomobryoidea (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01E68424A259BF8A6" box="[832,902,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
setae a and b), and three other bothriotrichalike setae distributed as in
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD01CF742232437F89F" box="[479,554,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
. Bothriotricha-like setae shorter than normal bothriotricha (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF96FFD0182E42232342F89F" box="[1286,1375,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) and without differentiated sockets, but inserted in the same relative position in all individuals examined. Inner face of femoral base of all legs with 4 pegs. Foot complex typical for genus: tenent hair thick, ciliate and strongly spatulate; unguiculus strongly truncate; unguis with short outer and lateral teeth, small paired inner teeth and 1–2 inconspicuous distal unpaired teeth. Anterior face of collophore with 3–4 distal macrosetae and variable number of microsetae according to species; number of lateral setae variable; posterior face with 1–6 paired and 0–3 unpaired microsetae. Distal manubrial plate with 3+3 ciliate setae, without pseudopores. Distal dental vesicle elongate, subequal to mucro (
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF97FFD11F73447324B9FECF" box="[603,676,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
a); mucro with 2 large upturned teeth, and 1 short, dorso-basal denticle, additional supplementary teeth present or absent according to species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302D4A5FF97FFD11DED4426225CFB91" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA7872EFF97FFD11DED442625A5FD26" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11DED44262736FE9B" box="[197,299,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Remarks</emphasis>
: The diagnostic character of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11F9A442624F8FE9B" box="[690,741,345,370]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11F9A442624F8FE9B" box="[690,741,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is the presence of a rectangular mucro, with the two largest teeth pointing dorsally instead of posteriorly and a short dorsal tooth basal to the large subapical tooth. Currently the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11CD544D8242DFE29" box="[509,560,423,448]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11CD544D8242DFE29" box="[509,560,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group comprises four named species and one new species described here. An undescribed species from
<collectingCountry id="F30FC7BEFF97FFD11F2B44B2247BFE0E" box="[515,614,461,487]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
, with two inner macrosetae on Abd. 2, was represented by a single individual, insufficient material for a proper description.
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11E67448B22A1FDE7" authority="Imms, 1912" authorityName="Imms" authorityYear="1912" box="[847,1212,500,526]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11E67448B2213FDE4" box="[847,1038,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Salina montana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FADFFF97FFD11908448B22A9FDE7" author="Imms" box="[1056,1204,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Imms, A. D. (1912) On some Collembola from India, Burma and Ceylon, with a catalogue of the Oriental species of the Order. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 6, 80 - 125." type="journal article" year="1912">Imms, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD119D0448B2736FDDD" authority="Mitra, 1973" authorityName="Mitra" authorityYear="1973" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="choudhurii">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD119D0448B2380FDE4" box="[1272,1437,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S. choudhurii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FADFFF97FFD11DBF47652736FDDD" author="Mitra" box="[151,299,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Mitra, S. K. (1973) A revision of Salina MacGillivray, 1894 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from India. Oriental Insects, 7, 159 - 205." type="journal article" year="1973">Mitra, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30FC7BEFF97FFD11C50476527A5FDDD" box="[376,440,538,564]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
may have tridentate mucrones somewhat similar to members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD1183E47652351FDDA" box="[1302,1356,538,563]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD1183E47652351FDDA" box="[1302,1356,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group although it is difficult to judge from Imms’ (1912) and Mitra’s (1973) drawings. Both Indian species have reduced chaetotaxy on Th. 2–3, with pattern similar to that in the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11EA6471725DDFD68" box="[910,960,616,641]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11EA6471725DDFD68" box="[910,960,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but the chaetotaxy of Abd. 3, and Abd. 4 (at least in
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11C5847F027ECFD41" box="[368,497,655,680]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="choudhurii">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11C5847F027ECFD41" box="[368,497,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">choudhurii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are different to that in New World species. A more detailed study of the Indian forms will be needed to decide if they are part of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11E2C47CA2548FD27" box="[772,853,693,719]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11E2C47CA250FFD27" box="[772,786,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11E0A47CA2548FD27" box="[802,853,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7872EFF97FFD11DED47A322F4FC79" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
The four species in the genus
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11F0447A324D1FD1C" box="[556,716,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Pseudosalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FADFFF97FFD11FFD47A32579FD1F" author="Mitra" box="[725,868,732,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refString="Mitra, S. K. (1974) A new Paronellinae genus of Indian springtail (Collembola: Entomobryidae) with the description of three new species. Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 10, 359 - 377." type="journal article" year="1974">Mitra, 1974</bibRefCitation>
, are endemic to the Indian subcontinent and all have bidentate mucrones. However, in
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11F4C467D251FFCF2" box="[612,770,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Pseudosalina</emphasis>
, the mucronal structure is similar to that in species with square mucrones (cf.
<figureCitation id="13239BABFF97FFD11CBC46562433FCAA" box="[404,558,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,237,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[195,1394,194,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Figs. 6 and 8</figureCitation>
a–b), albeit with reduced number of teeth, and not to members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD1184146562381FCAB" box="[1385,1436,809,834]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD1184146562381FCAB" box="[1385,1436,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Many other features distinguish
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11FAB462F2534FC80" box="[643,809,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Pseudosalina</emphasis>
from members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11968462F2268FC80" box="[1088,1141,848,873]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11968462F2268FC80" box="[1088,1141,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, in particular, all
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11DBF46082728FC79" box="[151,309,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Pseudosalina</emphasis>
have a very abundant chaetotaxy, with at least eight inner macrosetae on Abd. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7872EFF97FFD11DED46E2225CFB91" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
The mucronal
<typeStatus id="54A3398CFF97FFD11C5F46E227B6FC5E" box="[375,427,925,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11F9846E224F8FC5F" box="[688,741,925,950]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11F9846E224F8FC5F" box="[688,741,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group defines a group endemic to the Americas (but see comment above). All members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11F4A46BB2488FC34" box="[610,661,964,989]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11F4A46BB2488FC34" box="[610,661,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group described so far are restricted to the area delimited in the north by Southern
<collectingCountry id="F30FC7BEFF97FFD11CAA469527A2FBED" box="[386,447,1002,1028]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
(California and Florida), in the east by the Lesser Antilles and in the south by
<collectingCountry id="F30FC7BEFF97FFD11DBF416E26E5FBC2" box="[151,248,1041,1067]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
. This distribution suggests that the group might have originated in Central
<collectingCountry id="F30FC7BEFF97FFD1194C416E22D0FBC2" box="[1124,1229,1041,1067]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">America</collectingCountry>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11879416E2381FBC3" box="[1361,1436,1041,1066]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11879416E2381FBC3" box="[1361,1436,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Salina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general has been poorly studied and sampled in the Americas and more extensive collections in Central and South
<collectingCountry id="F30FC7BEFF97FFD11DCB41212755FB91" box="[227,328,1118,1144]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">America</collectingCountry>
are likely to produce new records of members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18FCADFF97FFD11E93412025F3FB91" box="[955,1006,1119,1144]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beta">
<emphasis id="B96C5B3CFF97FFD11E93412025F3FB91" box="[955,1006,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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