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<document id="3D6A68D83B1E69AA67DC218DBFF0DBD2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5082.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788203" ID-ZooBank="4F5DBF44-F912-4DD5-937C-7B3EC54609BD" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1639730369193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva-Soares, Thiago, Ferreira, Rodrigo Barbosa, Ornellas, Iago Silva, Zocca, Cássio Z., Caramaschi, Ulisses &amp; Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves" docDate="2021" docId="03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5082.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5082 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ischnocnema crassa Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="214" masterDocId="FF92765FA44EFF9AAF68FFA2FFB5FFF3" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the mountainous region of Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, with a new phylogeny and diagnose for Ischnocnema parva series" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="204" updateTime="1729851208282" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A5D42CF144D6DE3D5D815904AD54D39F">A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the mountainous region of Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, with a new phylogeny and diagnose for Ischnocnema parva series</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D696FC7BABA50B310B90161BFDE65A7">Silva-Soares, Thiago</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="044121D006BBEAB11A016FF5A208AE9D">Herpeto Capixaba, Enseada Azul, Guarapari, CEP 29.206 - 090, Espírito Santo, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Museu de História Natural do Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro, CEP 29550 - 000, Espírito Santo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="250769BC28E668F62DEC1C576061CF56">Ferreira, Rodrigo Barbosa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6A7E271350BCB5217D93E0DA6BE707FC">Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Av. José Ruschi, nº 4, CEP 29650 - 000, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. &amp; ProJeto Bromelias Instituto Marcos Daniel, Av. Eugenio Pacheco de Queirós, s / n, CEP 29090 - 160, Vitória, ES, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Goiabeiras, Av. Fernando Ferrari, nº 514, CEP 29075 - 910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="54444CC8CF098947C62246A9DDFAD7D0">Ornellas, Iago Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="207A67354DCD1772E16C705DCA20CB7A">ProJeto Bromelias Instituto Marcos Daniel, Av. Eugenio Pacheco de Queirós, s / n, CEP 29090 - 160, Vitória, ES, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Biologia, CCHN, Laboratório de Mastozoologia e Biogeografia, Av. Fernando Ferrari, nº 514, CEP 29075 - 910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7621024885975B16E81C39684B5AE9A8">Zocca, Cássio Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6E66AC872357DDE78556D00C458799A7">Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Av. José Ruschi, nº 4, CEP 29650 - 000, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. &amp; ProJeto Bromelias Instituto Marcos Daniel, Av. Eugenio Pacheco de Queirós, s / n, CEP 29090 - 160, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="026CD38D0B421EC845E7B6F75A9114D4">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B9766323A44DFF99AFFFF93FFE33F944" box="[151,390,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44DFF99AFFFF940FE33F909" box="[151,390,1762,1786]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44DFF99AFFFF940FEA8F909" box="[151,285,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
aff. 
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sp. 2– 
<bibRefCitation id="EF93C2C0A44DFF99AEA0F940FD20F909" author="Ferreira, R. B. &amp; Beard, K. H. &amp; Crump, M. L." box="[456,661,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" pagination="0156781" refId="ref9607" refString="Ferreira, R. B., Beard, K. H. &amp; Crump, M. L. (2016) Breeding guild determines frog distributions in response to edge effects and habitat conversion in the Brazil's Atlantic Forest. PLoS ONE, 11, e 0156781. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0156781" type="journal article" year="2016">Ferreira et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF93C2C0A44DFF99ADF7F940FD6AF909" author="Ferreira, R. B. &amp; Monico, A. T. &amp; Silva, E. T. &amp; Lirio, F. C. F. &amp; Zocca, C. &amp; Mageski, M. M. &amp; Tonini, J. F. R. &amp; Beard, K. H. &amp; Duca, C. &amp; Soares, T." box="[671,735,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" pagination="139 - 162" refId="ref9671" refString="Ferreira, R. B., Monico, A. T., Silva, E. T., Lirio, F. C. F., Zocca, C., Mageski, M. M., Tonini, J. F. R., Beard, K. H., Duca, C. &amp; Silva- Soares, T. (2019 a) Amphibians of Santa Teresa, Brazil: the hotspot further evaluated. Zookeys, 857, 139 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 857.30302" type="journal article" year="2019">2019a</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A44DFF99AFF7F8A6FEA2F8ED" box="[159,279,1796,1822]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1431,1455]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1035,1059]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,777,1407]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,237,1012]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,381,1933]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1430,181,1557]" captionTargetId-0="figure-300@4.[151,1436,777,1407]" captionTargetId-1="figure-38@5.[151,1436,237,1012]" captionTargetId-2="figure-96@7.[151,1436,381,1933]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@8.[158,1430,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., holotype, adult male (MNRJ 93647; SVL 18.6 mm): dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov.: (A) holotype MNRJ 93647 and (B) paratype MNRJ 93650 evidencing webbing between Fingers I, II, and III." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., holotype, adult male (MNRJ 93647): dorsal and lateral views of head; ventral views of right hand, and left foot. Measurements: HL 6.1 mm; HW 7.2 mm; HAL 4.1; FL 8.5." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., color and dorsolateral patterns in life of type series: (A) holotype adult male MNRJ 93647, and paratypes (B) adult male MNRJ 93650; (C) subadult female MNRJ 93649; (D) adult female MNRJ 93651; (E) adult male MNRJ 93652; and (F) couple in amplex MNRJ 93651-52." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788205" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788207" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788209" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788211" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5788205/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5788207/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5788209/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5788211/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs 1–4A</figureCitation>
)
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<typeStatus id="54B90193A44DFF99AFFFF8EEFEB3F895" box="[151,262,1868,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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MNRJ 93647, adult male, SVL 18.6 mm (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A44DFF99AD97F8EEFCF6F895" box="[767,835,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1431,1455]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-300@4.[151,1436,777,1407]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., holotype, adult male (MNRJ 93647; SVL 18.6 mm): dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), collected at 
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and 
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(
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; 
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, datum WGS84; 
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above sea level
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), district of 
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, municipality of 
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, state of 
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, southeastern 
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, collected by 
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, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44DFF99AB06F836FA2CF85D" box="[1134,1433,1940,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fernanda C. Lirio Ferreira</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44DFF99AFFFF81AFECCF821" box="[151,377,1976,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Marcio M. Mageski</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44DFF99AEDCF81AFD60F821" box="[436,725,1976,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira</collectorName>
, on 
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<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44DFF99AC6BF81AFC29F821" box="[771,924,1976,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" value="2013-06-24">24 June 2013</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44DFF9EAFAFF87EFF66FF0A" collectingDate="2012-09-12" collectorName="Cassio Zocca &amp; Fernanda C. Lirio Ferreira &amp; Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira" country="Brazil" county="Sitio do Sr. Paulinho" elevation="85" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" latitude="-19.90918" location="Four" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.581394" municipality="Santa Teresa" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54B90193A44DFF99AFAFF87EFEF4F805" box="[199,321,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EDDE9EAA44DFF99AE25F87FFE37F804" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA44DFF99AE25F87FFE37F804" box="[333,386,2013,2039]" country="Brazil" county="Sitio do Sr. Paulinho" latitude="-19.90918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.581394" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Four" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Four</location>
males and 
<specimenCount id="9D0474B8A44DFF99AD6BF87EFD25F805" box="[515,656,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
collected in the municipality of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD9254BA44DFF99AC97F87EFB25F804" box="[1023,1168,2012,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Santa Teresa</collectingMunicipality>
, state of 
<collectingRegion id="49C671D3A44DFF99AB9DF87EFA2DF805" box="[1269,1432,2012,2038]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F315FFA1A44AFF9EAE42FF35FEC6FF42" box="[298,371,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: MNRJ 93648, adult male, collected at 
<collectingCounty id="62DCC7BDA44AFF9EAC45FF35FBA0FF42" box="[813,1045,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Sítio do Sr. Paulinho</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAB4BFF34FB66FF42" box="[1059,1235,150,177]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="33,05" value="-19.90918">19º54’33,05” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EABB7FF34FA2DFF42" box="[1247,1432,150,177]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="53,02" value="-40.581394">40º34’53,02” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS 
<elevation id="002F5802A44AFF9EAFB0FF19FECAFF25" box="[216,383,187,214]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.486799999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="84.868">
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EAFB0FF19FEF1FF26" box="[216,324,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.486799999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="84.868">84, 868 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), by 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAEDEFF19FDFBFF26" box="[438,590,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Cássio Zocca</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAD30FF19FC35FF26" box="[600,896,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fernanda C. Lirio Ferreira</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EACD0FF19FB62FF26" box="[952,1239,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira</collectorName>
, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAA6BFF19FF66FF0A" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2012-09-12">
<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44AFF9EAA6BFF19FF66FF0A" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2012-09-12">12 September 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44AFF9EAFB6FF7DFE44FEB2" latitude="-19.93547" longitude="-40.548943" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
MNRJ 93649, subadult female, collected at Sítio dos Irmãos Picolli (
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAC8DFF7CFBCDFF0A" box="[997,1144,222,249]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="7,7" value="-19.93547">19º56’7,7” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EABEDFF7CFA85FF0A" box="[1157,1328,222,249]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="56,2" value="-40.548943">40º32’56,2” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EAA14FF7DFF68FEEE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4865" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="84.865">84, 865 m</quantity>
a.s.l.), district of Penha, by Cássio Zocca, Fernanda C. Lirio Ferreira, Gustavo Milanezi, and Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAE41FE85FE44FEB2" box="[297,497,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2012-10-30">30 October 2012</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44AFF9EAD68FE85FC46FE7A" collectingDate="2013-06-24" collectorName="Nova Lombardia &amp; Cassio Zocca &amp; Fernanda C. Lirio Ferreira &amp; Marcio M. Mageski &amp; Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira" country="Brazil" elevation="850" latitude="-19.824251" location="Sitio do Sr. Darci Cherque" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.538776" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
MNRJ 93650, adult male, collected at 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EACA0FE85FAB4FEB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EACA0FE85FAB4FEB2" box="[968,1281,295,321]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.824251" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.538776" name="Sitio do Sr. Darci Cherque" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Sítio do Sr. Darci Cherque</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAA7CFE85FF1CFE96" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="27,3" value="-19.824251">19º49’27,3” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAFD0FEE9FED0FE96" box="[184,357,331,357]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="19,6" value="-40.538776">40º32’19,6” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS84, elev. 
<elevation id="002F5802A44AFF9EAD71FEE8FD15FE95" box="[537,672,330,358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="850.0">
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EAD71FEE8FDD6FE96" box="[537,611,330,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), district of 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAC59FEE9FC40FE96" box="[817,1013,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Nova Lombardia</collectorName>
, by 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAB4FFEE9FB77FE96" box="[1063,1218,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Cássio Zocca</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EABB8FEE9FF46FE7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fernanda C. Lirio Ferreira</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAF94FECDFE69FE7A" box="[252,476,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Marcio M. Mageski</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAD7CFECDFC86FE7A" box="[532,819,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira</collectorName>
, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAC36FECDFC46FE7A" box="[862,1011,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2013-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44AFF9EAC36FECDFC46FE7A" box="[862,1011,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2013-06-24">24 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44AFF9EAC96FECDFE83FE06" collectingDate="2019-06-29" collectorName="Cassio Zocca &amp; Juliana Teixeira &amp; Joao Pedro Kloss-Degen" country="Brazil" elevation="964" latitude="-19.922647" location="Cachoeira Country Club" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.634323" municipality="Joao Victor de Andrade Lacerda" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
MNRJ 93651, adult female, collected at 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EAFDCFE31FE7DFE5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EAFDCFE31FE7DFE5E" box="[180,456,403,429]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.922647" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.634323" municipality="Joao Victor de Andrade Lacerda" name="Cachoeira Country Club" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Cachoeira Country Club</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAEB1FE30FD3FFE5E" box="[473,650,402,429]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="21,53" value="-19.922647">19º55’21,53” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EADFFFE30FCE7FE5E" box="[663,850,402,429]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="03,55" value="-40.634323">40º38’03,55” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS84, elev. 
<elevation id="002F5802A44AFF9EAB6BFE31FB3CFE5D" box="[1027,1161,403,430]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.64" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="964.0">
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EAB6BFE31FBF9FE5E" box="[1027,1100,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.64" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="964.0">964 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EABC9FE31FEB0FE22" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Parque Municipal São Lourenço</collectorName>
, by 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAE51FE15FE61FE22" box="[313,468,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Cássio Zocca</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD9254BA44AFF9EAE8AFE15FCEDFE22" box="[482,856,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">João Victor de Andrade Lacerda</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAC0EFE15FBACFE22" box="[870,1049,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Juliana Teixeira</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAB3DFE15FAC7FE22" box="[1109,1394,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">João Pedro Kloss-Degen</collectorName>
, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAFFFFE79FE83FE06" box="[151,310,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-06-29">
<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44AFF9EAFFFFE79FE83FE06" box="[151,310,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-06-29">29 June 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44AFF9EAE2CFE79FB52FDCE" collectingDate="2019-06-29" collectorName="Cassio Zocca &amp; Joao Pedro Kloss-Degen &amp; Juliana Teixeira" country="Brazil" elevation="904" latitude="-19.92243" location="Cachoeira Country Club" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.634865" municipality="Joao Victor de Andrade Lacerda" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
MNRJ 93652, adult male, and MNRJ 93653, adult female, collected at 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EABECFE79FA29FE06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EABECFE79FA29FE06" box="[1156,1436,475,501]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.92243" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.634865" municipality="Joao Victor de Andrade Lacerda" name="Cachoeira Country Club" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Cachoeira Country Club</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAFF7FE5CFEFAFDEA" box="[159,335,510,537]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="20,75" value="-19.92243">19º55’20,75” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAE34FE5CFDA3FDEA" box="[348,534,510,537]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="05,51" value="-40.634865">40º38’05,51” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS84, elev. 
<elevation id="002F5802A44AFF9EADADFE5DFCFCFDE9" box="[709,841,511,538]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="904.0">
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EADADFE5DFCB8FDEA" box="[709,781,511,537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="904.0">904 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAC08FE5DFB7AFDEA" box="[864,1231,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Parque Municipal São Lourenço</collectorName>
, by 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAB97FE5DFA2DFDEA" box="[1279,1432,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Cássio Zocca</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD9254BA44AFF9EAFFFFD81FDB3FDCE" box="[151,518,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">João Victor de Andrade Lacerda</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAD7AFD81FC9EFDCE" box="[530,811,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">João Pedro Kloss-Degen</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAC00FD81FBA8FDCE" box="[872,1053,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Juliana Teixeira</collectorName>
, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAB25FD81FB52FDCE" box="[1101,1255,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-06-29">
<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44AFF9EAB25FD81FB52FDCE" box="[1101,1255,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-06-29">29 June 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44AFF9EAB9CFD81FA8FFD76" collectingDate="2019-11-02" collectorName="Cassio Zocca &amp; Joao Pedro Kloss-Degen &amp; Leonardo Nevares &amp; Juliana Teixeira" country="Brazil" elevation="876" latitude="-19.936417" location="Vale do Tabocas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.678925" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
MBML 11847, adult male, collected at a site near 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EAD7DFDE5FD7FFD92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EAD7DFDE5FD7FFD92" box="[533,714,583,609]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.936417" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.678925" name="Vale do Tabocas" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Vale do Tabocas</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EADB2FDE4FCCCFD92" box="[730,889,582,609]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="11,1" value="-19.936417">19º56’11,1” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EACEDFDE5FB88FD92" box="[901,1085,583,609]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="44,13" value="-40.678925">40º40’44,13” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS84, elev. 
<elevation id="002F5802A44AFF9EAB81FDE5FADFFD91" box="[1257,1386,583,610]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.76" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="876.0">
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EAB81FDE5FA9AFD92" box="[1257,1327,583,609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.76" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="876.0">876 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), by 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAFFFFDC9FE84FD76" box="[151,305,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Cássio Zocca</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAE56FDC9FDECFD76" box="[318,601,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">João Pedro Kloss-Degen</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAD0EFDC9FC8DFD76" box="[614,824,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Leonardo Nevares</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAC1EFDC9FB9EFD76" box="[886,1067,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Juliana Teixeira</collectorName>
, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAB34FDC9FA8FFD76" box="[1116,1338,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-11-02">
<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44AFF9EAB34FDC9FA8FFD76" box="[1116,1338,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-11-02">02 November 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6AB56CA44AFF9EAA20FDC9FE23FD02" collectingDate="2019-11-20" collectorName="Cassio Zocca &amp; Fernanda &amp; Lirio Ferreira &amp; Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira" country="Brazil" elevation="964" latitude="-19.90333" location="Sitio do Sr. Pedro" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.639282" municipality="Joao Victor de Andrade Lacerda" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
MBML 11848, subadult female, collected at 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EAD28FD2DFCBBFD5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA44AFF9EAD28FD2DFCBBFD5A" box="[576,782,655,681]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.90333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.639282" municipality="Joao Victor de Andrade Lacerda" name="Sitio do Sr. Pedro" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Sítio do Sr. Pedro</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAC48FD2CFC64FD5A" box="[800,977,654,681]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="11,99" value="-19.90333">19º54’11,99” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36D9F6A44AFF9EAC89FD2DFB29FD5A" box="[993,1180,655,681]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="21,41" value="-40.639282">40º38’21,41” W</geoCoordinate>
; WGS84, elev. 
<elevation id="002F5802A44AFF9EAA3BFD2DFF79FD3D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.64" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="964.0">
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44AFF9EAA3BFD2DFA29FD5A" box="[1363,1436,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.64" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="964.0">964 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), by 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAE6CFD11FE29FD3E" box="[260,412,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Cássio Zocca</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD9254BA44AFF9EAECEFD11FCBBFD3E" box="[422,782,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">João Victor de Andrade Lacerda</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAC70FD11FC35FD3E" box="[792,896,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fernanda</collectorName>
C. 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EACCEFD11FBF5FD3E" box="[934,1088,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Lirio Ferreira</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="26F7DAE7A44AFF9EAB11FD11FA2CFD3E" box="[1145,1433,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira</collectorName>
, on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A44AFF9EAFD2FD75FE23FD02" box="[186,406,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-11-20">
<collectingDate id="EFF86019A44AFF9EAFD2FD75FE23FD02" box="[186,406,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2019-11-20">20 November 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A44AFF9EAFFFFA35FF6CFA20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788205/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" startId="4.[151,250,1431,1455]" targetBox="[151,1436,777,1407]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44AFF9EAFFFFA35FF6CFA20" blockId="4.[151,1436,1431,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAFFFFA35FEA6FA5C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1431,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAE72FA35FE5DFA5C" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,488,1431,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAE72FA35FE5DFA5C" box="[282,488,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44AFF9EAE87FA35FDF5FA5D" box="[495,576,1431,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, adult male (MNRJ 93647; SVL 18.6 mm): dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C318ECBAA44AFF9FAFAFF9A3FF44F851" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44AFF9EAFAFF9A3FD94F8AC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1537,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAFAFF9A3FE16F9E8" bold="true" box="[199,419,1537,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Species Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAEC5F9A3FD21F9E8" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[429,660,1537,1563]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAEC5F9A3FD21F9E8" box="[429,660,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44AFF9EADF7F9A0FD4CF9EF" box="[671,761,1538,1564]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EACD9F9A3FB25F9E8" box="[945,1168,1537,1563]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EACD9F9A3FB25F9E8" box="[945,1168,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series by phylogenetic placement (see discussion), and it is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) moderate size with adult males SVL 18.1–19.1 mm; adult females SVL 20.2–22.7 mm; (2) body robust with short legs, tibia length &lt;50% SVL; (3) skin lightly rugose with small tubercles and granules sparsely distributed on dorsum and lateral surfaces; (4) head wider than long; (5) snout nearly rounded in dorsal and lateral views; (6) venter and gular region smooth; (7) vocal sac single, subgular, not expanded; (8) presence of webbing between Fingers I, II, and III; (9) Fingers I and II approximately the same size, with relative lengths I≈II&lt;IV&lt;III; (10) finger discs pointed, except in Finger III, which is rounded and slightly expanded; (11) single glandular-appearing nuptial pad covers dorsal surface of Finger I; (12) toes relative lengths I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; (13) calcar tubercle absent; (14) distinctive black stripe on tarsus, feet, and perianal region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44AFF9FAFAFF8CBFE94FF26" blockId="4.[151,1437,1537,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAFAFF8CBFDE4F870" bold="true" box="[199,593,1897,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAD33F8CBFCF4F870" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[603,833,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAD33F8CBFCF4F870" box="[603,833,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44AFF9EAC23F8C8FC10F877" box="[843,933,1898,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAB8BF8CBFAC2F870" authorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" authorityYear="1862" box="[1251,1399,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAB8BF8CBFAC2F870" box="[1251,1399,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of webbing between Fingers I, II, and III (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A44AFF9EAC7FF82FFCEBF854" box="[791,862,1933,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1035,1059]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[151,1436,237,1012]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov.: (A) holotype MNRJ 93647 and (B) paratype MNRJ 93650 evidencing webbing between Fingers I, II, and III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788207/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; webbing absent in all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EABC6F82FFAF7F854" authorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" authorityYear="1862" box="[1198,1346,1933,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EABC6F82FFAF7F854" box="[1198,1346,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and it also differs from most 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAEF3F813FD3DF838" box="[411,648,1969,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAEF3F813FD9AF838" box="[411,559,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by having pointed discs of fingers I, II, and IV (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A44AFF9EABDDF813FABAF838" box="[1205,1295,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-96@7.[151,1436,381,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., holotype, adult male (MNRJ 93647): dorsal and lateral views of head; ventral views of right hand, and left foot. Measurements: HL 6.1 mm; HW 7.2 mm; HAL 4.1; FL 8.5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788209/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
; not pointed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAFDFF874FEFEF81C" box="[183,331,2005,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manezinho">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAFDFF874FEFEF81C" box="[183,331,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">I. manezinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAEE0F874FDBAF81C" box="[392,527,2005,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAEE0F874FDBAF81C" box="[392,527,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">I. sambaqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
neither in the series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAC42F874FC1AF81C" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[810,943,2005,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAC42F874FC1AF81C" box="[810,943,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">I. guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EACA9F874FBAAF81C" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[961,1055,2005,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EACA9F874FBAAF81C" box="[961,1055,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9EAB0BF874FB5BF81C" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1123,1262,2006,2031]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9EAB0BF874FB5BF81C" box="[1123,1262,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44AFF9FAA60F877FEA0FF42" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanahallux">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44AFF9FAA60F877FEA0FF42" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Ischnocnema nanahallux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, former member of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE9DFF35FDF9FF43" box="[501,588,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE9DFF35FDF9FF43" box="[501,588,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series, however, currently unassigned to any species series, also has pointed finger discs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A44BFF9FAFFFFBA9FE77FBB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788207/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" startId="5.[151,250,1035,1059]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1012]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44BFF9FAFFFFBA9FE77FBB4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1035,1095]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAFFFFBA9FEA3FBD0" bold="true" box="[151,278,1035,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE77FBA9FE45FBD0" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[287,496,1035,1059]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE77FBA9FE45FBD0" box="[287,496,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44BFF9FAE91FBAEFDFAFBD0" box="[505,591,1036,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) holotype MNRJ 93647 and (B) paratype MNRJ 93650 evidencing webbing between Fingers I, II, and III.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44BFF9FAFAFFBD2FA2DFACD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1136,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAFAFFBD2FE1CFB79" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,425,1136,1162]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAFAFFBD2FE1CFB79" box="[199,425,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44BFF9FAEC7FBD3FDB1FB78" box="[431,516,1137,1163]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FADA2FBD3FC94FB79" box="[714,801,1137,1162]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FADA2FBD3FC94FB79" box="[714,801,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAC46FBD3FC3AFB79" baseAuthorityName="Bokermann" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[814,911,1136,1162]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAC46FBD3FC3AFB79" box="[814,911,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FACA1FBD3FBE8FB79" box="[969,1117,1136,1162]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanahallux">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FACA1FBD3FBE8FB79" box="[969,1117,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. nanahallux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and distinguishes by having webbing between fingers, body robust (moderate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAD82FB37FCF1FB5D" box="[746,836,1173,1198]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAD82FB37FCF1FB5D" box="[746,836,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and venter distinctly areolate (uniformly beige in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAAE4FB37FF6DFB21" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAAE4FB37FF6DFB21" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and with conspicuous large white blotches on a black background in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAC91FB1BFBEBFB21" baseAuthorityName="Bokermann" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1017,1118,1208,1234]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAC91FB1BFBEBFB21" box="[1017,1118,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), absence of calcar tubercle (well-developed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE18FB7FFDB1FB05" box="[368,516,1244,1270]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanahallux">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE18FB7FFDB1FB05" box="[368,516,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. nanahallux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Finger I and II approximately of the same size (Finger I is shorter 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAB9FFB7FFA39FB05" box="[1271,1420,1244,1270]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanahallux">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAB9FFB7FFA39FB05" box="[1271,1420,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. nanahallux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), disc of Finger III rounded, not pointed and slightly expanded (pointed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FACBAFAA3FB9EFAE9" box="[978,1067,1281,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FACBAFAA3FB9EFAE9" box="[978,1067,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAB52FAA3FB2BFAE9" baseAuthorityName="Bokermann" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1082,1182,1280,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAB52FAA3FB2BFAE9" box="[1082,1182,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FABB5FAA3FAC6FAE9" box="[1245,1395,1280,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanahallux">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FABB5FAA3FAC6FAE9" box="[1245,1395,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. nanahallux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A comparison of diagnostic characters amongst species currently belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAC87FA87FBFDFACD" box="[1007,1096,1317,1342]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAC87FA87FBFDFACD" box="[1007,1096,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series is presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6808A8AA44BFF9FAA56FA86FA27FACD" box="[1342,1426,1316,1342]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of diagnostic traits in all Ischnocnema parva species series based on examined specimens (Appendix I)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFF35FE9DFF20" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" tableUuid="DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFF35FE9DFF20">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44BFF9FAFAFFAEBFB72FA3C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1136,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
From species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAECEFAEBFD92FA91" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[422,551,1352,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAECEFAEBFD92FA91" box="[422,551,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAD13FAEBFD6FFA91" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[635,730,1353,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAD13FAEBFD6FFA91" box="[635,730,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44BFF9FAD89FAEBFC82FA90" box="[737,823,1353,1379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs by its smaller size (only overlapping the 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44BFF9FAA26FAEAFA28FA90" box="[1358,1437,1352,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
SVL of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAF87FACFFE98FA75" box="[239,301,1389,1414]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAF87FACFFE98FA75" box="[239,301,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. oea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); shorter legs, with tibia length &lt;50% of SVL (long legs, with tibia length&gt;60% of SVL); head wider than long, with snout nearly rounded in dorsal view (head longer than wide, with snout acuminate in dorsal view in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAFFFFA17FEAFFA3D" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,282,1460,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAFFFFA17FEAFFA3D" box="[151,282,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series); pointed discs of Fingers I, II, and IV (not pointed in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAC84FA17FBDAFA3D" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1004,1135,1460,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAC84FA17FBDAFA3D" box="[1004,1135,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44BFF9FAFAFFA7BFF5DF970" blockId="5.[151,1437,1136,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
From 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE64FA7BFEDCFA01" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[268,361,1496,1522]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE64FA7BFEDCFA01" box="[268,361,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAEA9FA7AFD13FA01" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[449,678,1496,1522]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAEA9FA7AFD13FA01" box="[449,678,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44BFF9FADC6FA7BFCB3FA00" box="[686,774,1497,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs by having head wider than long, with snout nearly rounded in lateral view (head longer than wide, with snout acuminate in lateral view in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAB19FA5FFB78F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1137,1229,1532,1558]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAB19FA5FFB78F9E5" box="[1137,1229,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series); by having Finger I approximately the same size as Finger II (fingers relative lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FABE3F983FB52F9C9" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1163,1255,1568,1594]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FABE3F983FB52F9C9" box="[1163,1255,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series); pointed discs of Fingers I, II, and IV (discs expanded, T-shaped truncate, indented with a notch on Fingers II–IV in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAA29F9E7FA29F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1345,1436,1604,1630]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAA29F9E7FA29F9AD" box="[1345,1436,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A44BFF9FAFAFF92FFF44F851" blockId="5.[151,1437,1136,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
From the 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE50F92FFE74F955" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[312,449,1677,1702]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE50F92FFE74F955" box="[312,449,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAD72F92EFCB5F955" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[538,768,1676,1702]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAD72F92EFCB5F955" box="[538,768,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44BFF9FAC61F92FFCD7F954" box="[777,866,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs by its smooth dorsum (very tuberculate in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAFA9F913FEFDF939" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[193,328,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAFA9F913FEFDF939" box="[193,328,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series); absence of a W-shaped mark on dorsum at the level of shoulders with one tubercle at each posterior point (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAEA0F977FDE4F91D" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[456,593,1749,1774]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAEA0F977FDE4F91D" box="[456,593,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series); pointed discs of Fingers I, II, and IV (not pointed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAA7BF977FA29F91D" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt &amp; Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1299,1436,1749,1774]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAA7BF977FA29F91D" box="[1299,1436,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series). From 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE5CF95BFE73F8E1" box="[308,454,1784,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manezinho">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE5CF95BFE73F8E1" box="[308,454,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. manezinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAE97F95BFD30F8E1" box="[511,645,1784,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAE97F95BFD30F8E1" box="[511,645,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. sambaqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both species currently unassigned to any series, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FABDFF95AFA29F8E1" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[1207,1436,1784,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FABDFF95AFA29F8E1" box="[1207,1436,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A44BFF9FAFFFF8BFFF5AF8C4" box="[151,239,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs by its smaller size and by lacking a W-shaped mark on dorsum at the level of shoulders with one tubercle at each posterior point (both adults males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAD8DF8E3FCC0F8A9" box="[741,885,1856,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manezinho">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAD8DF8E3FCC0F8A9" box="[741,885,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. manezinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44BFF9FACBDF8E2FB92F8A9" box="[981,1063,1855,1882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
] and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A44BFF9FAB0AF8E3FB50F8A9" box="[1122,1253,1856,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="B9766323A44BFF9FAB0AF8E3FB50F8A9" box="[1122,1253,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">I. sambaqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A44BFF9FAA2DF8E2FA23F8A9" box="[1349,1430,1855,1882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
] are larger, and with a W-shaped pattern on dorsum). Variation in size and proportions for adults are presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6808A8AA44BFF9FAFFFF82AFF58F851" box="[151,237,1928,1954]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,863,887]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of the type series of Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. Only adults were included. Values in millimeters as mean ± standard deviation (range). See Material and Methods for abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFB39FC68" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" tableUuid="DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFB39FC68">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFF35FE9DFF20" ID-Table-UUID="DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFF35FE9DFF20" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFF35FE9DFF20" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" startId="6.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[163,1425,227,813]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A448FF9CAFFFFF35FE9DFF20" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFFFFF35FEBAFF5C" bold="true" box="[151,271,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of diagnostic traits in all 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A448FF9CADA2FF35FC15FF5C" box="[714,928,151,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CADA2FF35FC15FF5C" box="[714,928,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Ischnocnema parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species series based on examined specimens (Appendix I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A448FF9CAF88FF41FA9AFCDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<table id="F9024D91A4480065AFCBFF41FA24FCDE" box="[163,1425,227,813]" gridcols="4" gridrows="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFF41FA24FEFA" box="[163,1425,227,265]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFF41FECBFEFA" box="[163,382,227,265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAF88FF41FEFAFF08" bold="true" box="[224,335,227,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFF41FD4EFEFA" box="[455,763,227,265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAD61FF53FD0DFEFA" bold="true" box="[521,696,241,265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A448FF9CAD61FF53FDD4FEFB" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[521,609,241,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAD61FF53FDD4FEFB" bold="true" box="[521,609,241,264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A448FF9CAD00FF53FD0DFEFA" box="[616,696,241,265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FF41FBEAFEFA" box="[833,1119,227,265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A448FF9CACCFFF53FC4DFEFB" box="[935,1016,241,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CACCFFF53FC4DFEFB" bold="true" box="[935,1016,241,264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFF41FA24FEFA" box="[1155,1425,227,265]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A448FF9CABB4FF53FA8DFEFB" baseAuthorityName="Bokermann" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1244,1336,240,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CABB4FF53FA8DFEFB" bold="true" box="[1244,1336,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFE84FA24FEA8" box="[163,1425,294,347]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFE84FECBFEA8" box="[163,382,294,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFE84FF78FEA8" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Adult max SVL in mm</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFE84FD4EFEA8" box="[455,763,294,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">males 18.3; females 22.4</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FE84FBEAFEA8" box="[833,1119,294,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">males 16.4; females 21.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFE84FA24FEA8" box="[1155,1425,294,347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">males 14.6; female 16.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFECFFA24FE76" box="[163,1425,365,389]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFECFFECBFE76" box="[163,382,365,389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFECFFEDAFE76" bold="true" box="[163,367,365,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Body dorsal aspect</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFECFFD4EFE76" box="[455,763,365,389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">robust and slightly rugose</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FECFFBEAFE76" box="[833,1119,365,389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">moderate and smooth</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFECFFA24FE76" box="[1155,1425,365,389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">robust and smooth</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFE34FA24FE1A" box="[163,1425,406,489]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFE34FECBFE1A" box="[163,382,406,489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFE07FEA4FE29" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Ventral surface and coloration</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFE34FD4EFE1A" box="[455,763,406,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">smooth and areolate</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FE34FBEAFE1A" box="[833,1119,406,489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">smooth and uniformly beige</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFE34FA24FE1A" box="[1155,1425,406,489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">smooth and with large and conspicuous white spots on black background</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFE58FA24FDE1" box="[163,1425,506,530]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFE58FECBFDE1" box="[163,382,506,530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFE58FEB1FDE1" bold="true" box="[163,260,506,530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Webbing</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFE58FD4EFDE1" box="[455,763,506,530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">between Fingers I, II, and III</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FE58FBEAFDE1" box="[833,1119,506,530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">absent</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFE58FA24FDE1" box="[1155,1425,506,530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFD87FA24FDCE" box="[163,1425,549,573]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFD87FECBFDCE" box="[163,382,549,573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFD87FE91FDCE" bold="true" box="[163,292,549,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Finger discs</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFD87FD4EFDCE" box="[455,763,549,573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">pointed; rounded on Finger III</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FD87FBEAFDCE" box="[833,1119,549,573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">all pointed</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFD87FA24FDCE" box="[1155,1425,549,573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">all pointed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFDEDFA24FD9B" box="[163,1425,591,616]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFDEDFECBFD9B" box="[163,382,591,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFDEDFE91FD9B" bold="true" box="[163,292,591,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Nuptial pad</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFDEDFD4EFD9B" box="[455,763,591,616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">single glandular-appearing</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FDEDFBEAFD9B" box="[833,1119,591,616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">single glandular-appearing</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFDEDFA24FD9B" box="[1155,1425,591,616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">single glandular-appearing</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFDDAFA24FD5D" box="[163,1425,632,686]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFDDAFECBFD5D" box="[163,382,632,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFDDAFF45FD5D" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Fingers relative lengths</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFDDAFD4EFD5D" box="[455,763,632,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I≈II&lt;IV&lt;III</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FDDAFBEAFD5D" box="[833,1119,632,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I≈II&lt;IV&lt;III</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFDDAFA24FD5D" box="[1155,1425,632,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I≈II&lt;IV&lt;III</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFD1DFA24FD24" box="[163,1425,703,727]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFD1DFECBFD24" box="[163,382,703,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFD1DFECBFD24" bold="true" box="[163,382,703,727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Toes relative lengths</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFD1DFD4EFD24" box="[455,763,703,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FD1DFBEAFD24" box="[833,1119,703,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFD1DFA24FD24" box="[1155,1425,703,727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFD48FA24FCF1" box="[163,1425,746,770]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFD48FECBFCF1" box="[163,382,746,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFD48FEFFFCF1" bold="true" box="[163,330,746,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Calcar tubercle</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFD48FD4EFCF1" box="[455,763,746,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">absent</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FD48FBEAFCF1" box="[833,1119,746,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">absent</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFD48FA24FCF1" box="[1155,1425,746,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFCB6FA24FCDE" box="[163,1425,788,813]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFCB6FECBFCDE" box="[163,382,788,813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFCBFCB6FEC6FCDF" bold="true" box="[163,371,788,813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Cloacal dark stripe</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AEAFFCB6FD4EFCDE" box="[455,763,788,813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">present</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AC29FCB6FBEAFCDE" box="[833,1119,788,813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">present</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABEBFCB6FA24FCDE" box="[1155,1425,788,813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">present</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFB39FC68" ID-Table-UUID="DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFB39FC68" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7DEFB9A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFB39FC68" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" startId="6.[151,239,863,887]" targetBox="[163,1319,945,1636]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFB39FC68" blockId="6.[151,1436,863,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFFFFCFDFEBAFC84" bold="true" box="[151,271,863,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Measurements of the type series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A448FF9CADDAFCFDFC25FC84" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[690,912,863,887]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CADDAFCFDFC25FC84" box="[690,912,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A448FF9CACF3FCC2FC47FC84" box="[923,1010,864,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Only adults were included. Values in millimeters as mean ± standard deviation (range). See Material and Methods for abbreviations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A448FF9CAFB0FC6CFAB1F997" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<table id="F9024D91A4480065AFCBFC13FA92F997" box="[163,1319,945,1636]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFC13FA92FBF3" box="[163,1319,945,1024]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFC13FEC2FBF3" box="[163,375,945,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFB0FC6CFEC2FC15" bold="true" box="[216,375,974,998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Measurements</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FC13FDE8FBF3" box="[506,605,945,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAE92FC1DFDE8FC24" bold="true" box="[506,605,959,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Holotype</emphasis>
male
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFC13FC79FBF3" box="[755,972,945,1024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAC49FC4AFCEDFBF3" bold="true" box="[801,856,1000,1024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Male</emphasis>
(n= 4)
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AC80FC13FBE1FBF3" box="[1000,1108,945,1024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAC80FC13FBE1FC3A" bold="true" box="[1000,1108,945,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Paratypes</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFC13FA92FBF3" box="[1171,1319,945,1024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CABFBFC4AFB57FBF3" bold="true" box="[1171,1250,1000,1024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Female</emphasis>
(n= 2)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFBBAFA92FBC2" box="[163,1319,1048,1073]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFBBAFEC2FBC2" box="[163,375,1048,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">SVL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FBBAFDE8FBC2" box="[506,605,1048,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">18.6</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFBBAFC79FBC2" box="[755,972,1048,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">18.3 ± 0.4, 18.1–19.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFBBAFA92FBC2" box="[1171,1319,1048,1073]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">22.2–22.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFBE2FA92FBAA" box="[163,1319,1088,1113]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFBE2FEC2FBAA" box="[163,375,1088,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">HL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FBE2FDE8FBAA" box="[506,605,1088,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">6.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFBE2FC79FBAA" box="[755,972,1088,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">6.7 ± 0.2, 6.5–7.0</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFBE2FA92FBAA" box="[1171,1319,1088,1113]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">8.4–8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFBCBFA92FB72" box="[163,1319,1129,1153]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFBCBFEC2FB72" box="[163,375,1129,1153]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">HW</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FBCBFDE8FB72" box="[506,605,1129,1153]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">7.2</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFBCBFC79FB72" box="[755,972,1129,1153]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">7.3 ± 0.3, 6.7–7.5</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFBCBFA92FB72" box="[1171,1319,1129,1153]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">8.2–8.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFB33FA92FB5A" box="[163,1319,1169,1193]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFB33FEC2FB5A" box="[163,375,1169,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">IND</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FB33FDE8FB5A" box="[506,605,1169,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.0</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFB33FC79FB5A" box="[755,972,1169,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.9 ± 0.1, 1.7–2.0</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFB33FA92FB5A" box="[1171,1319,1169,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.3–2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFB1BFA92FB22" box="[163,1319,1209,1233]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFB1BFEC2FB22" box="[163,375,1209,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">END</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FB1BFDE8FB22" box="[506,605,1209,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.5</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFB1BFC79FB22" box="[755,972,1209,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.6 ± 0.2, 1.6–1.9</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFB1BFA92FB22" box="[1171,1319,1209,1233]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.0–2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFB43FA92FB09" box="[163,1319,1249,1274]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFB43FEC2FB09" box="[163,375,1249,1274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">IOD</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FB43FDE8FB09" box="[506,605,1249,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.2</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFB43FC79FB09" box="[755,972,1249,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.1 ± 0.3, 1.8–2.5</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFB43FA92FB09" box="[1171,1319,1249,1274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.7–2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFAA8FA92FAD1" box="[163,1319,1290,1314]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFAA8FEC2FAD1" box="[163,375,1290,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">ED</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FAA8FDE8FAD1" box="[506,605,1290,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.9</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFAA8FC79FAD1" box="[755,972,1290,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.0 ± 0.2, 1.8–2.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFAA8FA92FAD1" box="[1171,1319,1290,1314]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">2.1–2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFA90FA92FAB9" box="[163,1319,1330,1354]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFA90FEC2FAB9" box="[163,375,1330,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">TD</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FA90FDE8FAB9" box="[506,605,1330,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFA90FC79FAB9" box="[755,972,1330,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.0 ± 0.2, 0.8–1.2</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFA90FA92FAB9" box="[1171,1319,1330,1354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">1.3–1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFAF8FA92FA81" box="[163,1319,1370,1394]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFAF8FEC2FA81" box="[163,375,1370,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">TBL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FAF8FDE8FA81" box="[506,605,1370,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">9.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFAF8FC79FA81" box="[755,972,1370,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">9.6 ± 0.3, 9.0–9.7</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFAF8FA92FA81" box="[1171,1319,1370,1394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">11.0–11.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFA20FA92FA68" box="[163,1319,1410,1435]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFA20FEC2FA68" box="[163,375,1410,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">THL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FA20FDE8FA68" box="[506,605,1410,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">8.9</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFA20FC79FA68" box="[755,972,1410,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">9.4 ± 0.2, 9.2–9.6</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFA20FA92FA68" box="[1171,1319,1410,1435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">10.9–11.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFA09FA92FA30" box="[163,1319,1451,1475]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFA09FEC2FA30" box="[163,375,1451,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">TAL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FA09FDE8FA30" box="[506,605,1451,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">4.8</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFA09FC79FA30" box="[755,972,1451,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">5.1 ± 0.2, 5.0–5.5</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFA09FA92FA30" box="[1171,1319,1451,1475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">6.2–6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFA71FA92FA18" box="[163,1319,1491,1515]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFA71FEC2FA18" box="[163,375,1491,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">FL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FA71FDE8FA18" box="[506,605,1491,1515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">8.5</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFA71FC79FA18" box="[755,972,1491,1515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">8.5 ± 0.2, 8.2–8.6</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFA71FA92FA18" box="[1171,1319,1491,1515]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">9.7–10.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBFA59FA92F9E7" box="[163,1319,1531,1556]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBFA59FEC2F9E7" box="[163,375,1531,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">HAL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92FA59FDE8F9E7" box="[506,605,1531,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">4.1</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BFA59FC79F9E7" box="[755,972,1531,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">4.1 ± 0.1, 3.9–4.2</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBFA59FA92F9E7" box="[1171,1319,1531,1556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">4.8–4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBF981FA92F9CF" box="[163,1319,1571,1596]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBF981FEC2F9CF" box="[163,375,1571,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">FAL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92F981FDE8F9CF" box="[506,605,1571,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">3.2</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BF981FC79F9CF" box="[755,972,1571,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">3.4 ± 0.2, 3.2–3.6</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBF981FA92F9CF" box="[1171,1319,1571,1596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">4.1–4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4480065AFCBF9EEFA92F997" box="[163,1319,1612,1636]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4480065AFCBF9EEFEC2F997" box="[163,375,1612,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">UAL</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AE92F9EEFDE8F997" box="[506,605,1612,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">6.5</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065AD9BF9EEFC79F997" box="[755,972,1612,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">6.5 ± 0.4, 5.8–6.8</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4480065ABFBF9EEFA92F997" box="[1171,1319,1612,1636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">7.8–7.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C318ECBAA448FF91AFAFF931FD7EFA17" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A448FF9DAFAFF931FE0CFE96" blockId="6.[151,1437,1683,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B9766323A448FF9CAFAFF931FE50F95E" bold="true" box="[199,485,1683,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54B90193A448FF9CAE1FF931FE55F95E" box="[375,480,1683,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male, 18.6 mm SVL. Texture of dorsal surface of body smooth; lateral surface with few scattered granules; few small globular palpebral tubercle present; ventral surfaces smooth; discoidal fold conspicuous; two dorsal curved folds originate behind the eyes forming a dorsal stripe. Head wider than long; head width 38.5% of SVL; head length 32.8% of SVL; snout nearly rounded in dorsal and lateral views; nostrils elliptical, protruding in dorsal and lateral views, posterolaterally directed, posterior to the anterior end of the mandible; internarial distance slightly larger than eye diameter and eye to nostril distance, and 27.6% of head width; canthus rostralis distinct, curved; loreal region dorsolaterally directed, concave; eyes large, prominent, with diameter 88.5% of interorbital distance, and 26.9% of head width; tympanic membrane and annulus rounded, underneath the skin, with upper half undifferentiated; its diameter corresponds to 47% of eye diameter; supratympanic fold distinct, curved, ending before the arm insertion; white stripe containing postrictal tubercles between tympanum and arm insertion; vocal sac single, subgular, not externally expanded; vocal slits present, posterolaterally located on the mouth floor, moderately conspicuous, posterior to the tongue notch, anterolaterally directed; choanae rounded, largely apart from each other; prevomerine odontoids in two elongated dentigerous processes, twice the size of choanae, narrowly separated, between and very posterior to choanae, with five odontoids lined-up on each side; premaxillary teeth present; maxillary teeth present, small; the thick, large-sized tongue covers almost all mouth floor, notched posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A449FF9DAFFFF806FBB8F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788209/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" startId="7.[151,250,1956,1980]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1933]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A449FF9DAFFFF806FBB8F813" blockId="7.[151,1436,1956,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B9766323A449FF9DAFFFF806FEA6F84F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1956,1980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A449FF9DAE71F806FE52F84F" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,487,1956,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A449FF9DAE71F806FE52F84F" box="[281,487,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A449FF9DAE86F807FD8AF84F" box="[494,575,1957,1980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, adult male (MNRJ 93647): dorsal and lateral views of head; ventral views of right hand, and left foot. Measurements: HL 6.1 mm; HW 7.2 mm; HAL 4.1; FL 8.5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A446FF92AFFFF98EFCA8F97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788211/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" startId="8.[151,250,1580,1604]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,1557]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A446FF92AFFFF98EFCA8F97F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1580,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="B9766323A446FF92AFFFF98EFEA6F9B7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1580,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A446FF92AE72F98FFE5DF9B7" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,488,1581,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A446FF92AE72F98FFE5DF9B7" box="[282,488,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A446FF92AE87F98FFDF4F9B7" box="[495,577,1581,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, color and dorsolateral patterns in life of type series: (A) holotype adult male MNRJ 93647, and paratypes (B) adult male MNRJ 93650; (C) subadult female MNRJ 93649; (D) adult female MNRJ 93651; (E) adult male MNRJ 93652; and (F) couple in amplex MNRJ 93651-52.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A446FF92AFAFF919FE06F806" blockId="8.[151,1436,1723,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Arms short; forearm more robust and longer than upper arms; discs of Finger III rounded, slightly expanded, with grooves present distally, both indented with a notch; discs of Fingers I and II pointed; disc pads follow disc covers shape, surpassing the anterior limits of disc covers; relative lengths of Fingers I≈II&lt;IV&lt;III; fringes narrowly developed; broad webbing between Fingers I, II, and III, originating medially from both subarticular tubercle; webbing among other fingers absent. Finger I with a translucent or slightly whitish nuptial pad with glandular appearance; it covers all dorsal surface of the Finger I until the base of the last phalange, extending to the base of the inner metacarpal tubercles; thenar tubercle ovoid, well developed; palmar tubercle elliptical, less developed than thenar tubercle; poorly defined and irregularly shaped supernumerary globular tubercles; subarticular tubercles globular, well developed.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A447FF93AFFFFD22FCFBFD4D" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" startId="9.[151,239,640,666]" targetBox="[162,2011,721,1549]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A447FF93AFFFFD22FCFBFD4D" blockId="9.[151,2037,640,702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFFFFD22FEBCFD69" bold="true" box="[151,265,640,666]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Pairwise genetic distances (percentage) of mitochondrial 16s rRNA fragment (ca. 650 bp) within (highlighted in colors) and among members of the 
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93A85EFD22F876FD69" box="[1846,1987,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
species series described in the tree. Data are shown as range (mean).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A447FF93AE83FD42F818F9FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<table id="F9024D91A4470065AFCAFD73F86EF9FE" box="[162,2011,721,1549]" gridcols="10" gridrows="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFD73F86EFCF4" box="[162,2011,721,775]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FD73FDD6FCF4" box="[460,611,721,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. crassa</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FD73FCA5FCF4" box="[641,784,721,775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. parva (type locality)</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FD73FC00FCF4" box="[829,949,721,775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AC55FD73FCF9FD19" box="[829,844,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I.</emphasis>
aff. parva (SP)
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FD73FBD3FCF4" box="[1005,1126,721,775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AC85FD73FC48FD19" box="[1005,1021,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I.</emphasis>
aff. parva (RJ)
</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065ABFFFD73FAABFCF4" box="[1175,1310,721,775]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. nanahallux</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AA3CFD73FA76FCF4" box="[1364,1475,721,775]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I guentheri</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065A962FD73F9C7FCF4" box="[1546,1650,721,775]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. hoehnei</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065A9DCFD73F893FCF4" box="[1716,1830,721,775]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. lactea</th>
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065A809FD73F86EFCF4" box="[1889,2011,721,775]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93A809FD42F86EFD0A" box="[1889,2011,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFC81F86EFCAA" box="[162,2011,803,857]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFC81FE3DFCAA" box="[162,392,803,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFC90FF4CFCB8" box="[162,249,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. crassa</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FC81FDD6FCAA" box="[460,611,803,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0–0.2 0.1 (5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFCDBF86EFC43" box="[162,2011,889,944]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFCDBFE3DFC43" box="[162,392,889,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFC2AFF47FC52" box="[162,242,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. parva</emphasis>
(type locality)
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FCDBFDD6FC43" box="[460,611,889,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">14.4–15.1 (14.8)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FCDBFCA5FC43" box="[641,784,889,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0.5 (2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFC72F86EFBF5" box="[162,2011,976,1030]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFC72FE3DFBF5" box="[162,392,976,1030]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFC7DFF07FC0B" box="[162,178,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AF88FC7DFEAEFC0B" box="[224,283,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">parva</emphasis>
(SP)
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FC72FDD6FBF5" box="[460,611,976,1030]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">9.3–15.2 (12.7)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FC72FCA5FBF5" box="[641,784,976,1030]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">9.6–11.9 (10.6)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FC72FC00FBF5" box="[829,949,976,1030]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0–10.8 5.9 (12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFB84F86EFBAE" box="[162,2011,1062,1117]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFB84FE3DFBAE" box="[162,392,1062,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFB97FF07FBBD" box="[162,178,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AF88FB97FEAEFBBD" box="[224,283,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">parva</emphasis>
(RJ)
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FB84FDD6FBAE" box="[460,611,1062,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">11.1–16 (14.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FB84FCA5FBAE" box="[641,784,1062,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">8.6–9.8 (9.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FB84FC00FBAE" box="[829,949,1062,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">7.9–12.8 (10.8)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FB84FBD3FBAE" box="[1005,1126,1062,1117]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0.3–6.7 3.8 (8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFBDFF86EFB40" box="[162,2011,1149,1203]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFBDFFE3DFB40" box="[162,392,1149,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFB2EFE9CFB56" box="[162,297,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. nanahallux</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FBDFFDD6FB40" box="[460,611,1149,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">11.1–12.3 (11.5)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FBDFFCA5FB40" box="[641,784,1149,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.3–16.1 (15.6)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FBDFFC00FB40" box="[829,949,1149,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">11.2–16.8 (19.7)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FBDFFBD3FB40" box="[1005,1126,1149,1203]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">10.7–14.6 (13.6)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ABFFFBDFFAABFB40" box="[1175,1310,1149,1203]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0–1.7 0.9 (5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFB71F86EFAF9" box="[162,2011,1235,1290]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFB71FE3DFAF9" box="[162,392,1235,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFB40FEA7FB08" box="[162,274,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I guentheri</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FB71FDD6FAF9" box="[460,611,1235,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">17.2–19.6 (18.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FB71FCA5FAF9" box="[641,784,1235,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">20–23.6 (21.8)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FB71FC00FAF9" box="[829,949,1235,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">17–23.7 (20.1)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FB71FBD3FAF9" box="[1005,1126,1235,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.2–22.7 (20.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ABFFFB71FAABFAF9" box="[1175,1310,1235,1290]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.9–18.6 (17.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AA3CFB71FA76FAF9" box="[1364,1475,1235,1290]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0.2–12.1 8.6 (5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFA88F86EFA93" box="[162,2011,1322,1376]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFA88FE3DFA93" box="[162,392,1322,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFC1FA9BFEBBFAA1" box="[169,270,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. hoehnei</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FA88FDD6FA93" box="[460,611,1322,1376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">13–14.1 (13.5)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FA88FCA5FA93" box="[641,784,1322,1376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">16.6–16.7 (16.6)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FA88FC00FA93" box="[829,949,1322,1376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">11.7–16.8 (14.7)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FA88FBD3FA93" box="[1005,1126,1322,1376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">12–15.4 (14.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ABFFFA88FAABFA93" box="[1175,1310,1322,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">12.5–13.2 (12.7)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AA3CFA88FA76FA93" box="[1364,1475,1322,1376]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">14.5–17.9 (16.3)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065A962FA88F9C7FA93" box="[1546,1650,1322,1376]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0–1.8 0.9 (5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFA22F86EFA44" box="[162,2011,1408,1463]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFA22FE3DFA44" box="[162,392,1408,1463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFA2DFF40FA5B" box="[162,245,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. lactea</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FA22FDD6FA44" box="[460,611,1408,1463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">14.6–15.8 (15.3)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FA22FCA5FA44" box="[641,784,1408,1463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">19.9–20.6 (20.3)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FA22FC00FA44" box="[829,949,1408,1463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.2–21.3 (18.7)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FA22FBD3FA44" box="[1005,1126,1408,1463]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">13.2–19.3 (17)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ABFFFA22FAABFA44" box="[1175,1310,1408,1463]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.2–16.4 (15.5)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AA3CFA22FA76FA44" box="[1364,1475,1408,1463]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">19.7–20.4 (20)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065A962FA22F9C7FA44" box="[1546,1650,1408,1463]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">17.3–18.2 (17.7)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065A9DCFA22F893FA44" box="[1716,1830,1408,1463]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">0–0.07 0.4 (5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3532BD73A4470065AFCAFA75F86EF9FE" box="[162,2011,1495,1549]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<th id="76E3D40FA4470065AFCAFA75FE3DF9FE" box="[162,392,1495,1549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9766323A447FF93AFCAFA44FEA9FA0C" box="[162,284,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AEA4FA75FDD6F9FE" box="[460,611,1495,1549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">16.9–17.8 (17.55)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ADE9FA75FCA5F9FE" box="[641,784,1495,1549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">20.7–21.1 (20.8)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC55FA75FC00F9FE" box="[829,949,1495,1549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.3–20.9 (18.3)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AC85FA75FBD3F9FE" box="[1005,1126,1495,1549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">14.3–20.5 (18.2)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065ABFFFA75FAABF9FE" box="[1175,1310,1495,1549]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">16.5–18.2 (17.3)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065AA3CFA75FA76F9FE" box="[1364,1475,1495,1549]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">19.5–21 (20.1)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065A962FA75F9C7F9FE" box="[1546,1650,1495,1549]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">15.6–19.8 (16.1)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065A9DCFA75F893F9FE" box="[1716,1830,1495,1549]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">16.9 – 19.8 (18.3)</td>
<td id="76E3D40FA4470065A809FA75F86EF9FE" box="[1889,2011,1495,1549]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">10.1 (2)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A444FF90AFFFFB68FD92FAD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" startId="10.[151,250,1226,1250]" targetBox="[161,1427,181,1202]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A444FF90AFFFFB68FD92FAD9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1226,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B9766323A444FF90AFFFFB68FEA7FB11" bold="true" box="[151,274,1226,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral color patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A444FF90ADE8FB68FCF8FB11" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[640,845,1226,1250]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A444FF90ADE8FB68FCF8FB11" box="[640,845,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A444FF90AC3BFB69FC14FB11" box="[851,929,1227,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratypes in preservative: (A) adult female MNRJ 93651; (B) adult male MNRJ 93652; (C) adult female MNRJ 93653; (D) adult male MNRJ 93650; (E) adult male MNRJ 93648; and (F) subadult female MBML 11848.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A444FF90AFAFFAFBFDD7F9D4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1368,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Legs moderately robust, small; thigh slightly smaller than tibia; sum of thigh and tibia lengths slightly smaller than SVL; tibia length 48.7% of SVL; foot not webbed, foot length 45.8% of SVL; toes narrowly fringed; toes discs conspicuously indented, pointed in toes I, II, and V, and rounded in toes III and IV. Relative lengths of toes I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; inner metatarsal tubercle well developed, elliptical; outer metatarsal tubercle conical, moderately developed; supernumerary metatarsal tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles globular or conical, well developed; no tarsal fold nor calcar tubercle present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A444FF90AFAFF992FDB7F825" blockId="10.[151,1437,1368,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B9766323A444FF90AFAFF992FE44F9B9" bold="true" box="[199,497,1584,1610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
Color pattern (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A444FF90AE13F992FE56F9B9" box="[379,483,1584,1610]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1580,1604]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1226,1250]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,181,1557]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@8.[158,1430,181,1557]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@10.[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., color and dorsolateral patterns in life of type series: (A) holotype adult male MNRJ 93647, and paratypes (B) adult male MNRJ 93650; (C) subadult female MNRJ 93649; (D) adult female MNRJ 93651; (E) adult male MNRJ 93652; and (F) couple in amplex MNRJ 93651-52." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral color patterns of Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. paratypes in preservative: (A) adult female MNRJ 93651; (B) adult male MNRJ 93652; (C) adult female MNRJ 93653; (D) adult male MNRJ 93650; (E) adult male MNRJ 93648; and (F) subadult female MBML 11848." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788211" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788213" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5788211/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5788213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Dorsum varies from light brown to dark or nut-brown. Lateral surfaces are darker, contrasting to dorsum, varying in tones according to dorsum: individuals light brown may have lateral surfaces slightly darker (MNRJ 93650–93651; 
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A444FF90AD24F9DAFCB1F960" box="[588,772,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1226,1250]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral color patterns of Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. paratypes in preservative: (A) adult female MNRJ 93651; (B) adult male MNRJ 93652; (C) adult female MNRJ 93653; (D) adult male MNRJ 93650; (E) adult male MNRJ 93648; and (F) subadult female MBML 11848." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Figs 5A and 5D</figureCitation>
, respectively), while individuals brown or nut-brown may have heavily dark lateral surfaces (MNRJ 93649, 93652 [
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A444FF90AC4CF93EFC35F944" box="[804,896,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1226,1250]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral color patterns of Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. paratypes in preservative: (A) adult female MNRJ 93651; (B) adult male MNRJ 93652; (C) adult female MNRJ 93653; (D) adult male MNRJ 93650; (E) adult male MNRJ 93648; and (F) subadult female MBML 11848." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
]). There may be a large triangular shaped mark on the loreal region, from eye to posterior lips. In life, iris marbled in golden, with a golden band circling the black pupil. Postrictal tubercles white. Dark interorbital bar conspicuously shown in some individuals (MNRJ 93651, 93653; 
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A444FF90AF83F8AAFE2FF8D0" box="[235,410,1800,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1226,1250]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[161,1427,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral color patterns of Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. paratypes in preservative: (A) adult female MNRJ 93651; (B) adult male MNRJ 93652; (C) adult female MNRJ 93653; (D) adult male MNRJ 93650; (E) adult male MNRJ 93648; and (F) subadult female MBML 11848." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Figs 5A and 5C</figureCitation>
, respectively). Bands and blotches on loreal region and dorsal surface of snout are randomly disposed and colored. Dorsum has a large band that goes from the tip of the snout to inguinal region, indenting inward behind the head. Some small white-tipped warts on lateral surfaces. Knees may present a dark blotch. Distinctive black stripe on perianal region in triangular shape. A dark stripe is also present on the posterior part of tarsus and feet. Ventral surface of belly, arms, and legs are dark black, areolate in several small golden irregular blotches on a black background.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A445FF91AFFFFB25FC54FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788215/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" startId="11.[151,250,1159,1183]" targetBox="[155,1432,185,1132]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A445FF91AFFFFB25FC54FB37" blockId="11.[151,1436,1159,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AFFFFB25FEA0FB6C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1159,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AED1FB2AFD3CFB6C" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[441,649,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AED1FB2AFD3CFB6C" box="[441,649,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(stars): holotype (yellow star) and paratypes (unfilled stars). Closely related species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AF86FB0EFE0AFB37" baseAuthorityName="Bokermann" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[238,447,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AF86FB0EFE0AFB37" box="[238,447,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Ischnocnema pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circle), 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AD73FB0EFDDEFB30" box="[539,619,1196,1219]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AD73FB0EFDDEFB30" box="[539,619,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">I. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cross), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AD86FB0EFCC0FB37" box="[750,885,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanahallux">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AD86FB0EFCC0FB37" box="[750,885,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">I. nanahallux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangle).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A445FF91AFAFFB50FD23FAA7" blockId="11.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">In preservative, the background color faints varying from grayish to beige or dark brown. Ventral surfaces become opaque, maintaining areolate pattern. In general, all specimens maintained former patterns of blotches, dots, and stripes in all surfaces; iris became darker.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A445FF91AFAFFAFFFD7EFA17" blockId="11.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AFAFFAFFFE8AFA8B" bold="true" box="[199,319,1373,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Variation.</emphasis>
In general, specimens are congruent with respect to morphological characters. Color and pattern variation are described above. Nevertheless, some minor considerations regarding morphology are noteworthy, as the vocal sac in MNRJ 93648, which is somewhat externally expanded. Subadult female MNRJ 93649 has webbing between Fingers I and II reduced, but still present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318ECBAA445FF91AFAFFA4FFECFF987" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A445FF91AFAFFA4FFECFF987" blockId="11.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AFAFFA4FFE44F9F4" bold="true" box="[199,497,1517,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AE92FA4CFD55F9FB" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[506,736,1518,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AE92FA4CFD55F9FB" box="[506,736,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA445FF91ACADFA4CFAE7F9FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA445FF91ACADFA4CFAE7F9FB" box="[965,1362,1518,1544]" country="Brazil" county="It" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Reserva Biologica Augusto Ruschi" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi</location>
(3591 hectares), 
<location id="8EDDE9EAA445FF91AE67F9B0FCBBF9DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB0E27A44DFF97AFFFF93FFCB3FE97:8EDDE9EAA445FF91AE67F9B0FCBBF9DF" box="[271,782,1554,1580]" country="Brazil" county="It" municipality="Santa Teresa" name="Parque Natural Municipal de Sao Lourenco" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Parque Natural Municipal de São Lourenço</location>
(22 hectares) and surrounding private properties in the municipality of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD9254BA445FF91AE22F994FE6EF9A3" box="[330,475,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Santa Teresa</collectingMunicipality>
, state of 
<collectingRegion id="49C671D3A445FF91AD56F994FD54F9A3" box="[574,737,1590,1616]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F315FFA1A445FF91AC17F994FC76F9A3" box="[895,963,1590,1616]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A445FF91ACBBF994FBA2F9A2" box="[979,1047,1590,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1159,1183]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,185,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of Ischnocnema crassa (stars): holotype (yellow star) and paratypes (unfilled stars). Closely related species: Ischnocnema pusilla (circle), I. parva (cross), and I. nanahallux (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788215/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCounty id="62DCC7BDA445FF91AB44F994FB88F9A3" box="[1068,1085,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">It</collectingCounty>
occurs in montane forests with ca. 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91AFD6F9F8FEB0F987" box="[190,261,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="850.0">
<elevation id="002F5802A445FF91AFD6F9F8FEB0F987" box="[190,261,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318ECBAA445FF96AFAFF9DCFBD6F81D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A445FF91AFAFF9DCFF5DF867" blockId="11.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AFAFF9DCFE25F964" bold="true" box="[199,400,1661,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Natural History.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AEF4F9DCFD30F96B" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[412,645,1662,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AEF4F9DCFD30F96B" box="[412,645,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a nocturnal leaf-litter frog inhabitant of the forest interior. Two individuals were found along transects inside the forest and seven individuals were found across the 507 plots of 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91AAE6F900FF18F913" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
x 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91AFAFF964FF45F913" box="[199,240,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
sampled in Santa Teresa. Nine individuals were inside the forest at 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91ACB1F964FBA4F913" box="[985,1041,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
(N=1), 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91AB00F964FB1BF913" box="[1128,1198,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
(N=1), 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91AA6DF964FAFEF913" box="[1285,1355,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
(N=4), and 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A445FF91AFAFF948FEBBF8F7" box="[199,270,1770,1796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
(N=3) from the forest edge. No individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AC75F949FCC8F8F7" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[797,893,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AC75F949FCC8F8F7" box="[797,893,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were in the 100 plots sampled at the forest edge and in the 84 plots inside the matrix of abandoned pasture, coffee plantation, or 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AB7CF8ACFB25F8DB" box="[1044,1168,1806,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AB7CF8ACFB25F8DB" box="[1044,1168,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plantation, and thus the population density estimate excluded these 184 plots. By assuming the probability of detection = 1 across the used habitats (323 plots inside the forest), the estimated population density of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91ACADF8F5FB90F883" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[965,1061,1879,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91ACADF8F5FB90F883" box="[965,1061,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 0.11 individual/ 
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<superScript id="7C771279A445FF91AA5DF8F4FA88F897" attach="left" box="[1333,1341,1878,1892]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">2</superScript>
in
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Santa Teresa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A445FF96AFAFF83CFBB7FE96" blockId="11.[151,1437,1266,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
Males called during rainy nights under the leaf litter inside the forest. In a laboratory aquarium, a pair of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A445FF91AAE4F83DFF55F82F" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A445FF91AAE4F83DFF55F82F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displayed acoustic and tactile courtship signals. During courtship on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A445FF91AB6DF860FB2BF82F" box="[1029,1182,1986,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" value="2019-07-16">16 July 2019</date>
, a male MNRJ 93652 (SVL 1.95 mm) vocalized by inflating the single, median and subgular vocal sac. The amplexus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AA74FF35FACAFF43" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[1308,1407,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AA74FF35FACAFF43" box="[1308,1407,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is axillary (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96AF93FF19FEE5FF26" box="[251,336,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-25@8.[158,1430,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov., color and dorsolateral patterns in life of type series: (A) holotype adult male MNRJ 93647, and paratypes (B) adult male MNRJ 93650; (C) subadult female MNRJ 93649; (D) adult female MNRJ 93651; (E) adult male MNRJ 93652; and (F) couple in amplex MNRJ 93651-52." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788211/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
), similar to that reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96ADE7FF19FC56FF26" authority="(Lirio et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Lirio" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[655,995,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96ADE7FF19FCA0FF27" box="[655,789,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF93C2C0A442FF96AC4BFF19FC6EFF26" author="Lirio, F. C. F. &amp; Ferreira, R. B. &amp; Caramaschi, U. &amp; Silva-Soares, T." box="[803,987,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" pagination="302 - 303" refId="ref10721" refString="Lirio, F. C. F., Ferreira, R. B., Caramaschi, U. &amp; Silva-Soares, T. (2018) Ischnocnema verrucosa (Brazilian Big-headed Frog). Clutch size. Herpetological Review, 49, 302 - 303." type="journal article" year="2018">
Lirio 
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AC0BFF19FC21FF26" box="[867,916,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AB70FF19FA2CFF26" authority="(Silva-Soares et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Silva-Soares" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1048,1433,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AB70FF19FBC7FF26" box="[1048,1138,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I. lactea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF93C2C0A442FF96ABE9FF19FA24FF26" author="Silva-Soares, T. &amp; Malagoli, L. R. &amp; Cruz, C. A. G. &amp; Caramaschi, U." box="[1153,1425,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref11649" refString="Silva-Soares, T., Malagoli, L. R., Cruz, C. A. G. &amp; Caramaschi, U. (2018) On the taxonomy and natural history of the secretive Ischnocnema lactea (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923) (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Brachycephalidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (2), 137 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
Silva-Soares 
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AA7EFF19FAF2FF26" box="[1302,1351,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. For 10 min in amplexus, the male performed head movements by rubbing the chin from left-to-right direction on the female’s dorsum. The adult female MNRJ 93653 (SVL 22.2 mm) collected on 
<date id="FFBC99F1A442FF96AB41FEA1FB08FEEE" box="[1065,1213,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2019-06-29">29 June 2019</date>
had 13 mature eggs (xÞ= 3.0 ± 0.2, 2.4–3.1 mm) and 
<specimenCount id="9D0474B8A442FF96AD6FFE85FD17FEB2" box="[519,674,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="immature">two immature</specimenCount>
eggs. Observations of calling males, amplexus, and eggs in oviducts during May to August suggest 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AE98FEE9FDE5FE97" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[496,592,331,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AE98FEE9FDE5FE97" box="[496,592,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
breeds during colder and drier season.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DEFB9A442FF96AFFFFAD0FC29FA5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" startId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A442FF96AFFFFAD0FC29FA5D" blockId="12.[151,1436,1394,1454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AFFFFAD0FEA3FA79" bold="true" box="[151,278,1394,1418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AE77FAD0FE45FA79" authority="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[287,496,1394,1418]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AE77FAD0FE45FA79" box="[287,496,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245DE58A442FF96AE92FAD1FDFEFA79" box="[506,587,1395,1418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A442FF96AFAFFA7FFAEAF8C9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
On the field, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AE0AFA7FFE70FA05" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[354,453,1501,1526]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AE0AFA7FFE70FA05" box="[354,453,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displayed seven antipredator mechanisms and nine variations: camouflage (variation: background matching; 
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96AEF5F9A2FE40F9E8" box="[413,501,1536,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
), immobility (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96ADF1F9A2FCF8F9E8" box="[665,845,1536,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 7A and 7C</figureCitation>
), interrupt calling, aposematism (variation: hidden), posture (variations: body elevation [
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96AD5CF986FD25F9CC" box="[564,656,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
], body inflation [
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96AC3EF986FB88F9CC" box="[854,1085,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Figs 7A–B, and 7D</figureCitation>
], death feigning, mouth gape), escape (variations: hide and jump away [
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96AD31F9EAFD06F990" box="[601,691,1608,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
]), cloacal discharge, and aggression (variation: kick). 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AA60F9EAFF55F975" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AA60F9EAFF55F975" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
camouflages on the leaf litter due to the dorsal coloration similar to a decomposing leaf (
<figureCitation id="1339A3B4A442FF96ABB4F9CEFA3AF974" box="[1244,1423,1644,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1394,1418]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-137@12.[151,1436,381,1370]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. displaying antipredator mechanisms: (A) body inflation; (B) body elevation; (C) hiding and; (D) death feigning and body inflation with hidden aposematism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig. 7A and 7C</figureCitation>
). During our approach, a male and a female adults jumped and hid on the leaf-litter. During capture attempts, adults jumped and remained motionless on the leaf litter.Adults have contrasting coloration on venter that ranges from dark brown (male) to dark gray (female) distinctively areolate with small golden irregular blotches. During handling and manipulation, adults inflated the body, elevated the body and death feigned showing the hidden aposematism, opened the mouth, kicked with posterior limbs, and released cloacal discharge. No individual released skin secretion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A442FF96AFAFF8E6FBD6F81D" blockId="12.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
Five species co-occurred with 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AD76F8E6FCB7F8AD" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[542,770,1860,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AD76F8E6FCB7F8AD" box="[542,770,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A442FF96ACEAF8E6FC18F8AC" box="[898,941,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
X 
<quantity id="4CFA12D4A442FF96ACA7F8E6FC4FF8AC" box="[975,1018,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
plots: one individual was found with 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AFFFF8CAFDD7F870" authority="Izecksohn, 1988" authorityName="Izecksohn" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,610,1896,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactyla">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AFFFF8CAFE15F871" box="[151,416,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Euparkerella tridactyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93C2C0A442FF96AEC1F8CAFDD7F870" author="Izecksohn, E." box="[425,610,1896,1923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" pagination="59 - 74" refId="ref10567" refString="Izecksohn, E. (1988) Algumas consideracoes sobre o genero Euparkerella, com a descricao de tres novas especies (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 48, 59 - 74." type="journal article" year="1988">Izecksohn, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(N=1) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AD82F8CAFC43F871" box="[746,1014,1896,1922]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AD82F8CAFCCBF871" box="[746,894,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96ACDDF8CBFC43F871" box="[949,1014,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (N=1). Another individual was found with 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AE71F82EFD9CF855" authorityName="Lourenco de Moraes, Ferreira, Fouquet &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,553,1932,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Adelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulata">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AE71F82EFD9CF855" box="[281,553,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Adelophryne glandulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93C2C0A442FF96AD59F82EFB10F854" author="Lourenco-de-Moraes, R. &amp; Ferreira, R. B. &amp; Fouquet, A. &amp; Bastos, R. P." box="[561,1189,1932,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" pagination="348 - 360" refId="ref10769" refString="Lourenco-de-Moraes, R., Ferreira, R. B., Fouquet, A. &amp; Bastos, R. P. (2014) A new diminutive frog species of Adelophryne (Amphibia: Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3846 (3), 348 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Lourenço-de-Moraes, Ferreira, Fouquet &amp; Bastos, 2014</bibRefCitation>
(N=1) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AA41F82EFF4AF839" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Haddadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AA41F82EFF4AF839" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Haddadus binotatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N= 1). The other two individuals were found with 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AC54F813FC66F839" authorityName="Lourenco de Moraes, Ferreira, Fouquet &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2014" box="[828,979,1968,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Adelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulata">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AC54F813FC66F839" box="[828,979,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">A. glandulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N= 1), 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AB5AF813FB0EF839" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1074,1211,1968,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Haddadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AB5AF813FB0EF839" box="[1074,1211,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">H. binotatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N= 1), 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AA71F813FA29F839" box="[1305,1436,1968,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AA71F813FA9FF839" box="[1305,1322,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AA33F813FA29F839" box="[1371,1436,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (N= 4), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A442FF96AE34F877FE56F81D" box="[348,483,2005,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A442FF96AE34F877FE56F81D" box="[348,483,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N= 1). We did not observe any interspecific interaction.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318ECBAA443FF97AFAFFF18FA9AFF0B" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A443FF97AFAFFF18FA9AFF0B" blockId="13.[151,1436,186,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97AFAFFF18FEFCFF27" bold="true" box="[199,329,186,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97AFAFFF18FEF7FF26" bold="true" box="[199,322,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The specific epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A443FF97AD28FF19FD3CFF27" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[576,649,187,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97AD28FF19FD3CFF27" box="[576,649,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A443FF97ADCEFF19FD5AFF27" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[678,751,187,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97ADCEFF19FD5AFF27" box="[678,751,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= fat) is a Latin name here used as an adjective in allusion to its rounded body shape in general view. Typically, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A443FF97ADA7FF7CFC1EFF0B" box="[719,939,222,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97ADA7FF7CFC1EFF0B" box="[719,939,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Ischnocnema parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
series are usually more elongated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318ECBAA443FF97AFAFFEA0FCB3FE97" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BBDBF31A443FF97AFAFFEA0FCB3FE97" blockId="13.[151,1436,186,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97AFAFFEA0FE34FEEE" bold="true" box="[199,385,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Common name.</emphasis>
Due to its rounded and robust body shape of this little inhabitant of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, we designate to 
<taxonomicName id="4C02C4B2A443FF97AEB1FE84FD75FEB3" authorityName="Silva-Soares &amp; Ferreira &amp; Ornellas &amp; Zocca &amp; Caramaschi &amp; Cruz" authorityYear="2021" box="[473,704,294,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B9766323A443FF97AEB1FE84FD75FEB3" box="[473,704,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Ischnocnema crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the common name of “rã gordinha de Santa Teresa”, which, in English, stands for “Santa Teresa’s Chubby Rain Frog.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>