403 lines
54 KiB
XML
403 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="BDF4403C227723FB52BFBE7BF635E6E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="25261" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c57ce0b-0dc3-4509-8068-a9817e8f908b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3479673" ID-ZooBank="8AB14BD4-AE9C-4FDA-9326-49E6BB4DA38A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1570688989584" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rezende, João Marcelo Pais De, Machado, Deusana Maria Da Costa & Ponciano, Luiza Corral Martins De Oliveira" docDate="2019" docId="03A40F43FFBF4C21FF39FC7BFC5EF8A2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4683.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4683 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Australocoelia boucoti Rezende & Machado & Ponciano 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="EE5CD9FB-7112-4976-ADE7-F114914EBAC8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="526" masterDocId="FF9D773BFFB64C2AFFAEFF8AFFA4FFC8" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the brachiopod genus Australocoelia (Boucot & Gill, 1956) in the Devonian of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="530" masterPageNumber="515" pageNumber="524" updateTime="1698758717608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5366A9B5E9B47FB3AE80E9E96261ED47">
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<mods:title id="F4672FB322D03AAD3BF61540BCCB3659">A taxonomic review of the brachiopod genus Australocoelia (Boucot & Gill, 1956) in the Devonian of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D8C655FB72D6C57D77E4802D14E546A">Rezende, João Marcelo Pais De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B4D58F1A6F8D9AF448694FAFC0373AC">Machado, Deusana Maria Da Costa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FC054BE60A5EC63995DE0B5B293F5722" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="68AC660C02385CEFE68C91C24B1E6A3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3BD5AA635FF3DE4031FE451682F2574B">Ponciano, Luiza Corral Martins De Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1C243967936B9DE4E687273AF71CCD88">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="360DD561AD6B50EC8D5A396EEC136742">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="42D2921012D20F0CD9984625B20DCAD4">
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<mods:date id="13354E0B91B15729C95E1244846F5B86">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9BF47D98E320059140886ABAACDB6A1E">2019-10-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="34DA95AE87B0A8E6D3A4D788FB7E8A38">4683</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="165B3FF26F165CC117C2A0A42FFF3CD9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="41FA4C0BC530C7AC74EF09C066C147C0">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CB9E083E203B17CE91DBB961C6143771" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A40F43FFBF4C21FF39FC7BFC5EF8A2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159690629" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE5CD9FB-7112-4976-ADE7-F114914EBAC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A40F43FFBF4C21FF39FC7BFC5EF8A2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C23FF39FC7BFE5DFBC3" box="[151,505,1009,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF39FC7BFE5DFBC3" blockId="9.[151,505,1009,1071]" box="[151,505,1009,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<heading id="D0FA0939FFBF4C23FF39FC7BFE5DFBC3" bold="true" box="[151,505,1009,1036]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF39FC7BFE5DFBC3" bold="true" box="[151,505,1009,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBF4C23FF39FC7BFE0DFBC4" authority="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano, 2019" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,425,1009,1036]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF39FC7BFE0DFBC4" bold="true" box="[151,425,1009,1036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Australocoelia boucoti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24ADF3CFFBF4C23FE19FC7BFE5DFBC3" box="[439,505,1009,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C23FF39FB9FFF51FBE7" box="[151,245,1045,1071]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF39FB9FFF51FBE7" blockId="9.[151,505,1009,1071]" box="[151,245,1045,1071]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<figureCitation id="1336A2D0FFBF4C23FF39FB9FFF51FBE7" box="[151,245,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1440,1465]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,625,1420]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Australocoelia boucoti, n. sp. A—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0531-BQ; B—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0749-BQ; C—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0750- BQ; D—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0641-BQ; E—Cardinalia consisting of a unilobed cardinal process, terminally swollen. Crural plates lateral to the cardinal process. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0750-BQ (Cast in modeling clay). Scale=10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3479681/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C23FF39FBD7FDB1FB53" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF39FBD7FDF8FBBF" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" box="[151,604,1116,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF39FBD7FEA9FBBF" bold="true" box="[151,269,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<typeStatus id="54B600F7FFBF4C23FF39FBD7FEACFBBF" box="[151,264,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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UNIRIO 0531-BQ (
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<figureCitation id="1336A2D0FFBF4C23FE5BFBD7FDF7FBBF" box="[501,595,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1440,1465]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,625,1420]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Australocoelia boucoti, n. sp. A—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0531-BQ; B—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0749-BQ; C—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0750- BQ; D—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0641-BQ; E—Cardinalia consisting of a unilobed cardinal process, terminally swollen. Crural plates lateral to the cardinal process. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0750-BQ (Cast in modeling clay). Scale=10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3479681/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 4.A</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69FB0BFDB1FB53" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" box="[199,533,1152,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69FB0BFE99FB53" bold="true" box="[199,317,1153,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<typeStatus id="54B600F7FFBF4C23FF69FB0BFE9CFB53" box="[199,312,1153,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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UNIRIO 0506-BQ
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C23FF69FB2FFE30FB2B" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69FB2FFE30FB2B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69FB2FFEF6FB77" bold="true" box="[199,338,1189,1215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Species dedicated to Arthur James Boucot, one of the paleontologists responsible for the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBF4C23FF46FB43FE29FB2B" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[232,397,1225,1251]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF46FB43FE29FB2B" box="[232,397,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Australocoelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C23FF69FB67FD43FA17" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69FB67FE97FAE3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69FB67FECAFACF" bold="true" box="[199,366,1260,1287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Type horizon:</emphasis>
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Railroad section of Ponta Grossa—Paranaguá, Km 222, Lineu Amaral Station, Municipality of Ponta Grossa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69FABFFD25FA87" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" box="[199,641,1332,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69FABFFECDFA87" bold="true" box="[199,361,1332,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Type locality:</emphasis>
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Ponta Grossa Formation
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69FAD2FD43FA17" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69FAD2FDE6FABB" bold="true" box="[199,578,1368,1395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Material: Interior ventral mold:</emphasis>
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UNIRIO 0502-BQ; UNIRIO 0531-BQ; UNIRIO 0749-BQ;
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FB73FAD2FF79FA5F" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Exterior ventral mold:</emphasis>
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UNIRIO 0506-BQ; UNIRIO 0571-BQ UNIRIO 0738-BQ; UNIRIO 0753-BQ; UNIRIO 0747-BQ;
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FA90FAF6FE8BFA73" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Interior dorsal mold:</emphasis>
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UNIRIO 641-BQ A e B; UNIRIO 0750-BQ; UNIRIO 0752-BQ A e B; UNIRIO 0751-BQ;
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FA96FA2AFE8BFA17" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Exterior dorsal mold:</emphasis>
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UNIRIO 0571-BQ; UNIRIO 0748-BQ
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C23FF69FA62FE83F983" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69FA62FE83F983" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69FA62FEE0F9CB" bold="true" box="[199,324,1512,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBF4C23FEE4FA63FE4BF9CB" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[330,495,1513,1539]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FEE4FA63FE4BF9CB" box="[330,495,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Australocoelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with sharply incised costae, which develops in a continuous way from the umbo, not getting rounded as it approaches the anterior margin, without a subrounded aspect and bigger interspace compared to costa size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBF4C20FF69F9DEFD11FED5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69F9DEFEB3F8EB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69F9DEFE75F9A7" bold="true" box="[199,465,1620,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Description. Exterior:</emphasis>
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Subcircular shell of moderate size and unequally biconvex. Costae sharply incised, which extends in a continuous way from the umbo towards the anterior margin without getting subrounded as it approaches the commissure. Bigger interspace compared to costa size. Anterior crenulate commissure and suberect beak. Ventral groove marked by a single costa, with a pair marking the dorsal fold in the opposite valve. The number of costae varies from 12 to 15, with
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<quantity id="4CF513B0FFBF4C23FD81F96EFD29F937" box="[559,653,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 7 in</quantity>
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each flank, plus the ones corresponding to the ventral groove and the dorsal fold.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBF4C23FF69F8A7FE82F833" blockId="9.[151,1437,1116,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBF4C23FF69F8A7FE21F88F" bold="true" box="[199,389,1836,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Ventral interior</emphasis>
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: Subcircular shells, moderate size. Marked convexity, stout triangular teeth, fine in the base widening towards the apex. Elongated adductor muscle scar divided by a short median septum that extends until the anterior end of the muscular field. Well-marked costae, starting thin from the umbo, not getting angled as it approaches the anterior margin, with an incised form and not acquiring a sub-angled shape as it approaches the commissure. The number varies from
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||
<quantity id="4CF513B0FFBF4C23FDE7F836FD0DF81F" box="[585,681,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 6 in</quantity>
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each flank, plus the one that corresponds to the groove. Crenulate commissure.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FF13FD11FED5" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FF69FF13FE26FF7B" bold="true" box="[199,386,152,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Dorsal interior:</emphasis>
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Cardinal process in a mound-like shape (unilobed) terminally swollen. Thin crural plates, lateral to the cardinal process. Dental sockets form a sulcus on the posterior margin of the valve, in a triangular shape, broad anteriorly narrowing closer to the apex. Median septum extending from the cardinalia towards the commissure, reaching about half the length of the valve.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317EDDEFFBC4C21FF69FEACFC5EF8A2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FEACFC9AFE62" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FF69FEACFEEBFE89" bold="true" box="[199,335,294,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FEF8FEADFE5EFE89" author="Copper, P." box="[342,506,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="165 - 207" refId="ref10082" refString="Copper, P. (1977) Paleoaltitudes in the Devonian of Brazil and the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 21 (3), 165 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0031 - 0182 (77) 90020 - 7" type="journal article" year="1977">Copper (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated the presence of a new species, less common, also belonging to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FF39FEC0FE98FEAC" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,316,330,356]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FF39FEC0FE98FEAC" box="[151,316,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that occurred in the Tibagi Member (Eifelian/Givetian). It was recognized by its “sharply incised costae”. While discussing the matter
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FD81FEE7FD19FE4F" author="Melo, J. H. G." box="[559,701,364,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" refId="ref11512" refString="Melo, J. H. G. (1985) A Provincia Malvinocafrica no Devoniano do Brasil-Estado atual dos conhecimentos. Vol. 3. Dissertacao de Mestrado em Geologia, Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 890 pp." type="book" year="1985">Melo (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, due to not only the absence of photos but also of samples, decided to keep the classification proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FDEAFE1BFC9DFE62" author="Boucot, A. J. & Gill, E. D." box="[580,825,399,427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1173 - 1178" refId="ref9686" refString="Boucot, A. J. & Gill, E. D. (1956) Australocoelia, a new Lower Devonian Brachiopod from South Africa, South America and Australia. Journal of Paleontology, Menasha, 5, 1173 - 1178." type="journal article" year="1956">Boucot & Gill (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FE39FEFCFDDD" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Based on the morphological characters of the samples described above, it is possible to determine that the specimens found in the Ponta Grossa Formation were from a different species, and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FB99FE5CFEF0FDDD" authority="(Morris & Sharpe, 1846)" authorityName="Isaacson" authorityYear="1846" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FB99FE5CFA9BFE38" box="[1079,1343,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia palmata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FAE0FE5CFEE8FDDD" author="Morris, J. & Sharpe, D." pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="274 - 278" refId="ref11796" refString="Morris, J. & Sharpe, D. (1846) Description of Eight Species of Brachiopodous Shells from the Palaeozoic Rocks of the Falkland Islands. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 2 (1 - 2), 274 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1846.002.01 - 02.47" type="journal article" year="1846">Morris & Sharpe, 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FD97FEA2FD2F" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
When analyzed and compared with the diagnosis of the type-species, it became clear that the new specimens from the Ponta Grossa Formation belonged to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FCB6FDCAFC19FD92" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[792,957,576,602]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FCB6FDCAFC19FD92" box="[792,957,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in a different species. The main character that allowed the identification and separation of both species was the ornamentation, in which the pattern of costae and interspace found in the molds were also used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FCEEFD0DFB93FD69" author="Boucot, A. J. & Gill, E. D." box="[832,1079,646,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="1173 - 1178" refId="ref9686" refString="Boucot, A. J. & Gill, E. D. (1956) Australocoelia, a new Lower Devonian Brachiopod from South Africa, South America and Australia. Journal of Paleontology, Menasha, 5, 1173 - 1178." type="journal article" year="1956">Boucot & Gill (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, being considered diagnostic in the differentiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FE28FD20FD8FFD0C" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[390,555,682,708]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FE28FD20FD8FFD0C" box="[390,555,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Malvinokaffric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FCBDFD20FC2BFD0C" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[787,911,682,708]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FCBDFD20FC2BFD0C" box="[787,911,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the non Malvinokaffric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FB7FFD20FAFAFD0C" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1233,1374,682,708]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="polyspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FB7FFD20FAFAFD0C" box="[1233,1374,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. polyspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31AFEC5FFBC4C20FF39FD47FEA5FD2F" box="[151,257,717,743]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FD7AFE31FC98" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
As discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FE2FFD7AFDAFFCC2" author="Reed, F. R. C." box="[385,523,751,778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="27 - 225" refId="ref12475" refString="Reed, F. R. C. (1925) Revision of the fauna of the Bokkeveld Beds. Annals of South African Museum, 22, 27 - 225." type="journal article" year="1925">Reed (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarding the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FCEBFD7AFB99FCC2" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1841" box="[837,1085,752,778]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Leptocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="flabellites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FCEBFD7AFB99FCC2" box="[837,1085,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Leptocoelia flabellites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Southern Hemisphere (currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FEBEFC9EFE2AFCE5" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[272,398,787,814]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FEBEFC9EFE2AFCE5" box="[272,398,787,814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the amount and variety of samples have different levels of preservation, making proper identification difficult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FCD0FA32FBEC" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Based on a taphonomic analysis, it is observed that there is a great
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FC12FCD0FBF9FCBC" box="[956,1117,858,884]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" rank="variety" variety="among">variety among</taxonomicName>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FB21FCD0FA90FCBC" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[1167,1332,858,884]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FB21FCD0FA90FCBC" box="[1167,1332,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples, especially related to the layers preserved in each mold. Such variation is most evident through the costa thickness, which becomes gradually smaller as it gets more internalized. The thickness of the costae could influence taxonomic identification, but, in spite of the mold being found with a more inner layer, the most characteristic aspect of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FA2AFC4EFF57FBC8" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FA2AFC4EFF57FBC8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the angled and rounded aspect of the costa in its anterior margin remains preserved, allowing an abundant Malvinokaffric species to be rapidly recognized and identified, keeping clear its differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FB73FB80FAF4FBEC" authority="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano, 2019" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1245,1360,1034,1060]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FB73FB80FAF4FBEC" box="[1245,1360,1034,1060]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FAF9FB80FA32FBEC" bold="true" box="[1367,1430,1034,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24ADF3CFFBC4C20FAF9FB80FA32FBEC" box="[1367,1430,1034,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FBA7FD2FFAD3" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Another taphonomic aspect that has shown itself troublesome was the presence of a wing-like structure in the right flank of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FE9EFBDBFE06FBA2" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[304,418,1104,1131]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FE9EFBDBFE06FBA2" box="[304,418,1104,1131]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s valves, a possible consequence of the rocks plasticity in which the organisms were fossilized, providing a peculiar asymmetry to some of the specimens. This taphonomic matter becomes a problem during the process of taxonomic identification of a new species, as mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FC4DFB1CFB3AFB79" author="Machado, D. M. C." box="[995,1182,1174,1201]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" refId="ref11465" refString="Machado, D. M. C. (1999) Nuculites Conrad, 1841 (Mollusca, Bivalvia): sistematica e implicacoes paleobiogeograficas. Tese de Doutorado em Geociencias, Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 298 pp." type="book" year="1999">Machado (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
about the problematic internal plate seen in bivalves from the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FD33FB30FCA3FB1C" box="[669,775,1210,1236]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cucullellidae" genus="Nuculites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nuculanida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FD33FB30FCA3FB1C" box="[669,775,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Nuculites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which, as consequence of tectonism or depositional deformations, destroyed the main characteristics of that structure considered by the author as one of the most important to differentiate the species within this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69FAA9FA35F9D8" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
The preservation quality of all studied specimens makes it difficult to classify each taxon. The comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FF55FACDFED2FAA8" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[251,374,1350,1377]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FF55FACDFED2FAA8" box="[251,374,1350,1377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FE05FACDFDBAFAA8" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[427,542,1350,1377]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FE05FACDFDBAFAA8" box="[427,542,1350,1377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
helped to identify both species, based on the differences that exist on their diagnostic characters ornamentation and interspace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336A2D0FFBC4C20FD1CFAE0FCB0FA4C" box="[690,788,1385,1412]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1608,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,659,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,659,1586]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Australocoelia palmata and A. boucoti on a block, Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0571-BQ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3479683/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). More specifically about ornamentation, it is worth mentioning that the costae are sharp and develop in a continuous way from the beak to the anterior margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FA8DFA07FA31FA6F" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1315,1429,1421,1447]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FA8DFA07FA31FA6F" box="[1315,1429,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not getting the common rounded aspect that defines
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FD4AFA3BFCC4FA02" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[740,864,1456,1483]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FD4AFA3BFCC4FA02" box="[740,864,1456,1483]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, regardless of possible taphonomic variations. The difference observed in the ornamentation pattern has as consequence a variation in the interspace pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FA84FA5EFA38FA25" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1322,1436,1491,1518]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FA84FA5EFA38FA25" box="[1322,1436,1491,1518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has bigger interspaces when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FDC5FA7DFD42F9D8" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[619,742,1526,1553]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FDC5FA7DFD42F9D8" box="[619,742,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which due to rounded costae has its interspaces diminished.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69F990FB08F9B2" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
In spite of the difficulties related to the specimen’s preservation, it was possible to identify with certainty a new morphotype, whose main difference consists in the well-marked ornamentation which fits within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FAC7F9B7FEB6F9B2" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FAC7F9B7FEB6F9B2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the same characters described by Savage
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FCFCF9EBFC03F9B2" box="[850,935,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">et al. in</emphasis>
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FBB4F9EBFBF7F9B2" box="[1050,1107,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBC4C20FF69F909FE80F813" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Accompanying the taphonomic, sampling and time averaging issues, some other ecological aspects can be raised, given the morphological differences identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FCBBF92DFC35F908" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[789,913,1702,1729]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FCBBF92DFC35F908" box="[789,913,1702,1729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FC66F92DFB9FF908" authority="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano, 2019" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[968,1083,1702,1729]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FC66F92DFB9FF908" box="[968,1083,1702,1729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FBEDF92DFB26F909" bold="true" box="[1091,1154,1703,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24ADF3CFFBC4C20FBEDF92DFB26F909" box="[1091,1154,1703,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fluctuations in temperature, salinity and food supply can develop multiple phenotypes (ecophenotypes), in a different way than a subspecies, whose population becomes adapted to an ecologic niche. However, it is unusual that subspecies are found coexisting in the same geographic and ecologic region, also unlikely to occur in a single fossil fauna. Since both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FF39F8B9FE98F885" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,316,1843,1869]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FF39F8B9FE98F885" box="[151,316,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Australocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s species occur together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336A2D0FFBC4C20FDCEF8B9FD66F885" box="[608,706,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1608,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,659,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,659,1586]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Australocoelia palmata and A. boucoti on a block, Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0571-BQ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3479683/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the idea of subspeciation is refuted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FBDCF8B9FAABF885" author="Newell, N. D." box="[1138,1295,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref11959" refString="Newell, N. D. (1948) Infraspecific categories in invertebrate paleontology. Journal of Paleontology, 22, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="1948">Newell, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pfenning
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FA26F8BEFF09F8B8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">et al</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010; Dielt, 2013;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FE38F8DCFD16F8B9" author="Nagel-Myers, J. & McRoberts, C. A. & LaPoint, C. W." box="[406,690,1878,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="388 - 397" refId="ref11893" refString="Nagel-Myers, J., McRoberts, C. A. & LaPoint, C. W. (2018) Ecophenotypic variability during times of evolutionary stasis in Middle Devonian Actinopteria (Bivalvia, Pterioidea) from New York. Journal of Paleontology, 92 (3), 388 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2017.138" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nagel-Myers
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FD9DF8DDFDC9F8B8" box="[563,621,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FCD0F8DDFC5FF8B8" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[894,1019,1878,1905]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FCD0F8DDFC5FF8B8" box="[894,1019,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBC4C20FB9BF8DDFB0EF8B8" authority="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano, 2019" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1077,1194,1878,1905]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FB9BF8DDFB0EF8B8" box="[1077,1194,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">A. boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBC4C20FB1DF8DDFB50F8B9" bold="true" box="[1203,1268,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24ADF3CFFBC4C20FB1DF8DDFB50F8B9" box="[1203,1268,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were found in the same habitat and closer ecological niche, the possibility of competition cannot be disregarded. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBC4C20FF39F817FEFBF870" author="Alexander, R. R." box="[151,351,1949,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="525" pagination="235 - 244" refId="ref9166" refString="Alexander, R. R. (1976) Intraspecific variability in rhynchonellid brachiopods: test of a competition hypothesis. Lethaia, 9 (3), 235 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1976. tb 01316. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Alexander (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, contemporaneous Paleozoic brachiopods would subdivide their feeding niches, in order to avoid competition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBD4C21FF69FF13FBF9FDAB" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
|
||
Furthermore, the wide, cosmopolitan distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FCB7FF13FB86FF7B" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[793,1058,153,179]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FCB7FF13FB86FF7B" box="[793,1058,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Malvinokaffric Realm and non Malvinokaffric area, as discussed above, regarding the Parnaíba Basin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336A2D0FFBD4C21FC5BFF37FBFDFF1F" box="[1013,1113,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1640,1665]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,786,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,786,1599]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Australocoelia palmata (Morris & Sharpe, 1846). A—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0680-BQ; B—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0057-BQ; C—External dorsal mold. Pimenteira Formation. UNIRIO 0746-BQ; D—External dorsal mold. Pimenteira Formation. UNIRIO 0746-BQ (Cast in modeling clay); E—Cardinalia consisting of a unilobed cardinal process, terminally swollen. Crural plates lateral to the cardinal process. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0730-BQ (Cast in modeling clay). Scale=10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3479679/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
; C-D) (Gama
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBD4C21FB53FF37FAFEFF1F" author="Gama, Jr. J. M." box="[1277,1370,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" refId="ref10424" refString="Gama, Jr. J. M. (2008) Braquiopodes da Formacao Pimenteiras (Devoniano medio / superior), na regiao sudoeste da bacia do Parnaiba, Municipio de Palmas, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Dissertacao de Mestrado em Geologia. Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, 78 pp." type="book" year="2008">Jr, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBD4C21FAC9FF37FECCFF33" author="Ponciano, L. C. M. O. & Castro, A. R. S. F. & Fonseca, V. M. M. & Machado, D. M. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="5 - 27" refId="ref12272" refString="Ponciano, L. C. M. O., Castro, A. R. S. F., Fonseca, V. M. M. & Machado, D. M. C. (2012 a) Tafocenoses da Formacao Pimenteira, Devoniano da Bacia do Parnaiba, Piaui: mapeamento, inventario e relevancia patrimonial. Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias, 35 (1), 5 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11137 / 2012 _ 1 _ 05 _ 27" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Ponciano
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FF72FF68FEB2FF33" box="[220,278,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with no variation in either valves, presenting in all scenarios the same morphological pattern in ornamentation, even under taphonomic variations, does not agree with a phenotypic plasticity. Especially when taken into account the discussion about homogeneous environment, also seen in the Malvinokaffric Realm, provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBD4C21FF52FEC7FE67FEA0" author="Alexander, R. R." box="[252,451,333,360]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="235 - 244" refId="ref9166" refString="Alexander, R. R. (1976) Intraspecific variability in rhynchonellid brachiopods: test of a competition hypothesis. Lethaia, 9 (3), 235 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1976. tb 01316. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Alexander (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the fact that ecophenotype cannot typify entire populations, as advocated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBD4C21FAE5FEC7FF41FE43" author="Newell, N. D." pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref11959" refString="Newell, N. D. (1948) Infraspecific categories in invertebrate paleontology. Journal of Paleontology, 22, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="1948">Newell (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pfenning
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FEF3FEF8FE32FE43" box="[349,406,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CC3A4FFBD4C21FDB0FEFBFCE3FE43" author="Nagel-Myers, J. & McRoberts, C. A. & LaPoint, C. W." box="[542,839,369,395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="388 - 397" refId="ref11893" refString="Nagel-Myers, J., McRoberts, C. A. & LaPoint, C. W. (2018) Ecophenotypic variability during times of evolutionary stasis in Middle Devonian Actinopteria (Bivalvia, Pterioidea) from New York. Journal of Paleontology, 92 (3), 388 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2017.138" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nagel-Myers
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FD17FEF8FD56FE43" box="[697,754,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We here erect a new species of, so far, narrower distribution, and probably even more typical cold-water Malvinokaffric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FC04FE1FFBEBFE67" authorityName="Boucot & Gill" authorityYear="1956" box="[938,1103,405,431]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FC04FE1FFBEBFE67" box="[938,1103,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, entitled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FB15FE1FFF65FE1B" authority="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano, 2019" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FB15FE1FFF65FE1B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FF64FE33FEAFFE1B" bold="true" box="[202,267,441,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24ADF3CFFBD4C21FF64FE33FEAFFE1B" box="[202,267,441,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some assumptions can be made regarding its absence in other regions. As observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FB59FE33FEA1FE3F" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="polyspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FB59FE33FEA1FE3F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia polyspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is restricted to the warmer Australian region,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FCFEFE57FBF4FE3F" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[848,1104,477,503]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FCFEFE57FBF4FE3F" box="[848,1104,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be exclusive to cold water environments. Such a geographic range could be an explanation of its lower abundance, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FB59FD8BFF57FDF7" authorityName="Isaacson" baseAuthorityName="Morris & Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FB59FD8BFF57FDF7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had broader tolerance to climatic shifts, being able to extract more resources and occupy different regions, as confirmed by its abundance, enormous distribution, and no morphological changes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF72EEDDFFBD4C21FF39FA2AFE74F980" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3479681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3479681/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" startId="11.[151,250,1440,1465]" targetBox="[151,1436,625,1420]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBD4C21FF39FA2AFE74F980" blockId="11.[151,1437,1440,1609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FF39FA2AFEB7FA71" bold="true" box="[151,275,1440,1465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DC5D6FFBD4C21FEB7FA2AFDA4FA70" authority="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano, 2019" authorityName="Rezende & Machado & Ponciano" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,512,1440,1464]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Leptocoeliidae" genus="Australocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="boucoti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FEB7FA2AFDA4FA70" box="[281,512,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Australocoelia boucoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FDA2FA2AFDE1FA70" bold="true" box="[524,581,1440,1464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24ADF3CFFBD4C21FDA2FA2AFDE1FA70" box="[524,581,1440,1464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0531-BQ; B—Internal ventral mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0749-BQ; C—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0750- BQ; D—Internal dorsal mold. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0641-BQ; E—Cardinalia consisting of a unilobed cardinal process, terminally swollen. Crural plates lateral to the cardinal process. Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0750-BQ (Cast in modeling clay). Scale=10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBD4C21FF69F9FCFDACF935" blockId="11.[151,1437,1654,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FF69F9FCFEF8F959" bold="true" box="[199,348,1654,1681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
Rivadávia Farm 01: Railway, inside Rivadavia Farm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF513B0FFBD4C21FC62F9FCFBB8F959" box="[972,1052,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" unit="km" value="5.3">5.3 km</quantity>
|
||
from the farm entrance. Railroad section of Ponta Grossa—Paranaguá, km 222, Lineu Amaral Station, Municipality of Ponta Grossa, PR. This outcrop was located in an area of the former Rivadavia Farm, which was later dismembered, situated in an area currently called
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31AFEC5FFBD4C21FE87F969FE1AF935" box="[297,446,1763,1789]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Santa Helena</collectingCountry>
|
||
Farm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBD4C21FF69F88DFE1AF88D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1654,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Jaguariaíva 1: Railroad section, railway branch of Jaguariaíva-Arapoti between km 2.2 and 6.6, Municipality of Jaguariaíva (SIGEP 65)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2BE55FFBD4C21FF69F8C4FC5EF8A2" blockId="11.[151,1437,1654,1898]" box="[199,1018,1870,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9796247FFBD4C21FF69F8C4FE58F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,508,1870,1897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Stratigraphic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Ponta Grossa Formation (Pragian—Emsian)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |