1023 lines
136 KiB
XML
1023 lines
136 KiB
XML
<document id="3F328A7A961F23D2173213992A9FA614" ID-CLB-Dataset="94528" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5102.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad30faa6-eab1-4dae-b686-9e5fee56f55c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6245602" ID-ZooBank="BEA963B7-F7B9-458A-92EE-A4740AC390AC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1645601333553" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S." docDate="2022" docId="03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5102.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5102 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Tetraponera Smith 1852" docType="key" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF9A4D1FFFBD543D1C478336FFC13E45" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region: taxonomic review and key to species" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1731941483715" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="36A517EC20ED07588E689468E7329D3D">The ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region: taxonomic review and key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="198814BEAF338557A711E3764B394493" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3BEE307E127C82EE6FBE4F5852D515C0">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="379DCEDD6D34D88E1BBD024DBC9F3921">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CB03502E48A43C50E3663DC6C00ABC2C">
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<mods:date id="F0ABDC256F4B6C9EAA3BA934BC5ED1F8">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0179FE91A1831B412F03FE9BA5A3CE9B">2022-02-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A655465F5C9864AAFC46202BF191AC7C">5102</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2CEEA4C429C931AFF289CDA109813C4F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5102.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197227729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6822943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFFB554351CD085F0FB4338A5" box="[151,1154,1734,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB554351CD085F0FB4338A5" blockId="8.[151,1154,1734,1761]" box="[151,1154,1734,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
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<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351CD085F0FB4338A5" bold="true" box="[151,1154,1734,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Key to species of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351E4885F1FD6338A4" ID-CoL="63V5S" authority="Smith, 1852" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[527,674,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351E4885F1FD6338A4" bold="true" box="[527,674,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tetraponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the worker and queen castes
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFFB554301CD08438FA5C3EAD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB554351CD08438FB7739D0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1806,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
This key is based predominantly on workers, but an attempt has been made to include identifying features of queens as well. Some caution should be exercised, however, because queen sample sizes are smaller than those of workers and the limits of intraspecific variation are less well understood. In addition, queens are unknown for six of the 38 species treated in the key (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351D86844DFDFF39D1" box="[449,574,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351D86844DFDFF39D1" box="[449,574,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. continua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351E0B844DFD7139D1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[588,688,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351E0B844DFD7139D1" box="[588,688,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351EFA844DFCEE39D1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[701,815,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351EFA844DFCEE39D1" box="[701,815,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351F7A844DFC7B39D1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[829,954,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351F7A844DFC7B39D1" box="[829,954,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351F8F844DFBF739D1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[968,1078,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351F8F844DFBF739D1" box="[968,1078,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. pedana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB554351803844DFB6439D1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1092,1189,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB554351803844DFB6439D1" box="[1092,1189,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF75D4F9FFB454341CD087AAFA4C3B65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" targetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD087AAFA4C3B65" blockId="9.[151,1436,1180,1312]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341CD087AAFEFA3AF1" bold="true" box="[151,315,1180,1204]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341F0E87ABFC043AF1" box="[841,965,1181,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341F0E87ABFC043AF1" box="[841,965,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tetraponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341D7387F7FE673A9D" box="[308,422,1217,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341D7387F7FE673A9D" box="[308,422,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. continua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 5) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341E6387F7FD433A9D" baseAuthorityName="Stitz" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[548,642,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerdae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341E6387F7FD433A9D" box="[548,642,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. gerdae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341F4187D3FCA53AB9" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[774,868,1253,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341F4187D3FCA53AB9" box="[774,868,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. emeryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 12) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341FAA87D3FB9D3AB9" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1005,1116,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341FAA87D3FB9D3AB9" box="[1005,1116,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. clypeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341E4A863FFD4C3B65" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[525,653,1288,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341E4A863FFD4C3B65" box="[525,653,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341865863FFB463B65" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1058,1159,1288,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redacta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341865863FFB463B65" box="[1058,1159,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. redacta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(coastal Kenya) (n = 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<key id="FF9BD340FFB454301CD0867DFA5C3EAD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB454341CD0867DFA5D3BB6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD0867DFA5D3BDE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454341CD0867DFA5D3BDE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB454341CD0867DFEE83B24" box="[151,297,1355,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="worker">1 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
with well separated frontal carinae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB454341ECA867DFD003B25" box="[653,705,1355,1376]" country="Japan" name="Matsushima Fungus Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MFC</collectionCode>
|
||
0.39–0.71, FCI 0.21–0.35), three distinct ocelli, and a prominent, recurved anteroventral tooth on the petiole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB454341E69865EFD5F3B3A" box="[558,670,1384,1407]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@22.[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Tetraponera rufonigra group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 33, T. aethiops, Uganda (CASENT0794322); 34, T. latifrons, DR Congo (CASENT0217593). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb. org); photographers Matthew Prebus (33), Estella Ortega (34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245651/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 33, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
); large species (worker HW 1.57–2.20, queen HW 2.30–2.50); west and
|
||
<location id="8ED5D2AAFFB45434191C865EFEDE3BD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD:8ED5D2AAFFB45434191C865EFEDE3BD9" name="central Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">central Africa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341D6A86B0FE483BDE" ID-CoL="7C58G" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[301,393,1414,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufonigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341D6A86B0FE483BDE" box="[301,393,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">rufonigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group)............................................................................... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD08692FA5D3BB6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454341CD08692FA5D3BB6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">- Worker with more closely adjacent frontal carinae (MFC 0.06–0.24, FCI 0.08–0.25); worker with 0–2 ocelli and/or lacking prominent anteroventral petiolar tooth (usually both conditions apply); generally smaller species (worker HW 0.42–1.68, queen HW 0.47–1.61); widespread............................................................................. 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB454341CD086CDFA5D3898" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD086CDFA5D382D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454341CD086CDFA5D382D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
2 Frontal carinae widely separated, their minimum distance greater than one quarter of head width (worker FCI 0.28–0.35, queen FCI 0.36–0.37) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB454341DC3852EFE19386A" box="[388,472,1560,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@22.[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Tetraponera rufonigra group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 33, T. aethiops, Uganda (CASENT0794322); 34, T. latifrons, DR Congo (CASENT0217593). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb. org); photographers Matthew Prebus (33), Estella Ortega (34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245651/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 34a</figureCitation>
|
||
); standing pilosity relatively common, conspicuous on the pronotum and propodeum (worker MSC 27–45, queen MSC 45–50) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB454341DB48500FD863809" box="[499,583,1590,1612]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@22.[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Tetraponera rufonigra group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 33, T. aethiops, Uganda (CASENT0794322); 34, T. latifrons, DR Congo (CASENT0217593). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb. org); photographers Matthew Prebus (33), Estella Ortega (34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245651/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 34b</figureCitation>
|
||
); mandibles smooth and shiny, with scattered fine punctures;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB4543418D18500FB1F3809" box="[1174,1246,1590,1612]" name="Nigeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB4543418BA8500FAA5380E" box="[1277,1380,1590,1611]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB45434190B8565FA5D382D" ID-CoL="55RPD" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1356,1436,1619,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB45434190B8565FA5D382D" box="[1356,1436,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD08547FA5D3898" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454341CD08547FA5D3898" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Frontal carinae less widely separated, their minimum distance equal to about one quarter of head width or less (worker FCI 0.21–0.25, queen FCI 0.25–0.26) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB454341E7785B8FD4238E1" box="[560,643,1678,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@22.[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Tetraponera rufonigra group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 33, T. aethiops, Uganda (CASENT0794322); 34, T. latifrons, DR Congo (CASENT0217593). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb. org); photographers Matthew Prebus (33), Estella Ortega (34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245651/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 33a</figureCitation>
|
||
); standing pilosity less common, sparse on the pronotum and absent from the propodeum (worker MSC 1–7, queen MSC 10–14) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB454341EF9859DFCD33884" box="[702,786,1707,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-80@22.[278,1309,1120,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Tetraponera rufonigra group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 33, T. aethiops, Uganda (CASENT0794322); 34, T. latifrons, DR Congo (CASENT0217593). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb. org); photographers Matthew Prebus (33), Estella Ortega (34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245651/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 33b</figureCitation>
|
||
); mandibles longitudinally rugulose and subopaque;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB454341954859DFA9A3884" box="[1299,1371,1707,1729]" name="Nigeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB45434193C859AFEE3389B" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB454341DE685FEFE2D389B" box="[417,492,1736,1758]" name="Uganda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB45434190C85FEFA5D3898" ID-CoL="55RN4" box="[1355,1436,1736,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB45434190C85FEFA5D3898" box="[1355,1436,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">aethiops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB454341CD085D0FA5D398D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD085D0FA5D3935" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454341CD085D0FA5D3935" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB454341CD085D0FEE838B9" box="[151,297,1766,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="worker">3 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
mesonotum strongly transverse, 2–4× wider than long, with a rounded anterior margin and straight posterior margin, appearing more or less semicircular in dorsal view; pronotum with sharp lateral margination, extending in attenuated form to the lateral borders of the propodeum and petiole; head and mesosoma usually with dense punctulate-coriarious sculpture which imparts a matte appearance (punctulate with shiny interspaces in one Ugandan species); posteroventral margin of petiole with a median notch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB454341DC5846DFE223935" ID-CoL="55RPT" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[386,483,1883,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB454341DC5846DFE223935" box="[386,483,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)........................................................................ 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454341CD0844FFA5D398D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454341CD0844FFA5D398D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
- Worker mesonotum about as long as wide and appearing ovoid or sub-rectangular in dorsal view; pronotum, propodeum and petiole usually with soft-edged lateral margins, if sharply marginate (a few
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB454341F9684A0FB8439E9" box="[977,1093,1942,1964]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
species) then head and mesosoma shiny, not matte; posteroventral margin of petiole lacking median notch......................................... 13
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB454371CD084E7FA5D3F66" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB454371CD084E7FA5D3E8F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1355,2022]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB454371CD084E7FA5D3E8F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
4 Medium-sized species (worker HW 1.27–1.54, queen unknown), blackish brown in color with strongly contrasting luteous legs, except for brown band on metafemur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB754371ECD83A1FD1E3EE8" box="[650,735,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-29@20.[151,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Tetraponera natalensis group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b), with inset in Figs 25b and 27b showing dorsal view of petiole, postpetiole and gaster. 25, T. caffra, South Africa (CASENT0220752); 26, T. insularis, Madagascar (CASENT0409790); 27, T. mocquerysi, Uganda (CASENT0794203). Images from AntWeb (www. antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245643/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 26b</figureCitation>
|
||
); standing pilosity very sparse (CSC 0–2, MSC 0–2), lacking on petiole; postpetiole and abdominal tergite 4 each with 0–2 standing hairs; endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F8E8383FBFC3E8E" box="[969,1085,181,203]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB75437190F8383FA5D3E8F" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1352,1436,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB75437190F8383FA5D3E8F" box="[1352,1436,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD083E5FA5D3F66" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD083E5FA5D3F66" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Variable in color and size but without the above color pattern; standing pilosity varying from sparse to abundant, but
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB75437190583E4FA8E3EA2" box="[1346,1359,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">if</emphasis>
|
||
lacking on petiole and very sparse on postpetiole and gaster,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371EAD83D9FCD23F41" box="[746,787,239,260]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">then</emphasis>
|
||
body size smaller (worker HW 1.03–1.15, queen HW 1.22–1.26); occurring on African mainland........................................................................... 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD0821CFA5D3F97" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD0821CFA5D3F3E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD0821CFA5D3F3E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
5 Body-dark brownish-black
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371DAF821CFDCD3F7A" box="[488,524,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">and</emphasis>
|
||
petiole as sharply marginate as the lateral margin of pronotum; standing pilosity sparse (worker CSC 0–2, worker MSC 0–4, queen CSC 2, queen MSC 0–6), the few erect setae relatively long, and distinct from the inconspicuous, short pubescence; worker: eyes large, about one half head length or more (REL 0.49–0.56)................... 6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD082B5FA5D3F97" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD082B5FA5D3F97" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Color variable but
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371DD082B4FE653FD2" box="[407,420,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">if</emphasis>
|
||
dark brownish-black
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371E3082B4FD613FD2" box="[631,672,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">then</emphasis>
|
||
petiole more soft-margined than pronotum, and pilosity common (worker CSC 8–60, worker MSC 20–120, queen CSC 7–16, queen MSC 12–75) and blending into a background of conspicuous suberect and subdecumbent pubescence; worker: eyes generally smaller, usually less than one half head length (REL 0.40–0.52)....... 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD082ECFA5D3C21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD082ECFA5D3C49" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD082ECFA5D3C49" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
6 Smaller species (worker HW 1.03–1.15, queen HW 1.22–1.26, worker LHT 0.74–0.85, queen LHT 0.88–0.94); petiole, postpetiole, and abdominal tergite 4 with 0, 0, and 0–2 standing hairs, respectively;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F9982C1FB9E3C48" box="[990,1119,503,525]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437182F82C1FB003C48" box="[1128,1217,503,525]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437188D82CEFAC83C48" box="[1226,1289,504,525]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB75437191982C1FA5D3C49" ID-CoL="55RN8" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1374,1436,503,524]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB75437191982C1FA5D3C49" box="[1374,1436,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD08123FA5D3C21" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD08123FA5D3C21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Larger species (worker HW 1.40–1.54, queen HW 1.45–1.49, worker LHT 1.08–1.21, queen LHT 1.14–1.22); petiole, postpetiole, and abdominal tergite 4 with 2–4, 2–6, and approximately 4–20 standing hairs, respectively; central Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB7543719598104FA453C02" box="[1310,1412,562,583]" name="Cameroon" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371CA58179FEEF3C20" box="[226,302,591,613]" name="Uganda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
)....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB7543719748179FA5D3C21" ID-CoL="55RNB" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1331,1436,591,612]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB7543719748179FA5D3C21" box="[1331,1436,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">anthracina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD0815BFA5D3DCF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD0815BFA5D3CB2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD0815BFA5D3CB2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
7 Dark brown to brownish-black, with lighter appendages; petiole with weak lateral margination, in dorsal view obovate, with rounded sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB754371D3E81BCFE113CE5" box="[377,464,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-29@20.[151,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Tetraponera natalensis group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b), with inset in Figs 25b and 27b showing dorsal view of petiole, postpetiole and gaster. 25, T. caffra, South Africa (CASENT0220752); 26, T. insularis, Madagascar (CASENT0409790); 27, T. mocquerysi, Uganda (CASENT0794203). Images from AntWeb (www. antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245643/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 27b</figureCitation>
|
||
); worker petiole in profile with similar anterodorsal and posterodorsal slopes, or with less strongly inclined anterodorsal slope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB754371E508191FDAF3CF8" box="[535,622,679,701]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-29@20.[151,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Tetraponera natalensis group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b), with inset in Figs 25b and 27b showing dorsal view of petiole, postpetiole and gaster. 25, T. caffra, South Africa (CASENT0220752); 26, T. insularis, Madagascar (CASENT0409790); 27, T. mocquerysi, Uganda (CASENT0794203). Images from AntWeb (www. antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245643/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 27b</figureCitation>
|
||
); standing pilosity conspicuous (worker CSC 8–60, worker MSC 21–120, worker HTC+MTC 0–50; queen CSC 7–16, queen MSC 12–75, queen HTC+MTC 2–42), often grading into an underlying suberect to decumbent pubescence................................................................................. 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD08036FA5D3DCF" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD08036FA5D3DCF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Color variable, usually yellow- to orange-brown, but
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371EA28036FD333D50" box="[741,754,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">if</emphasis>
|
||
medium to dark brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371F9C81C9FBC53D51" box="[987,1028,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">then</emphasis>
|
||
petiole with better defined lateral margination, in dorsal view narrowly obovate to subtrapezoidal, sides more or less straight, and diverging posteriorly (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB754371979802BFA503D76" box="[1342,1425,797,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-29@20.[151,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Tetraponera natalensis group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b), with inset in Figs 25b and 27b showing dorsal view of petiole, postpetiole and gaster. 25, T. caffra, South Africa (CASENT0220752); 26, T. insularis, Madagascar (CASENT0409790); 27, T. mocquerysi, Uganda (CASENT0794203). Images from AntWeb (www. antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245643/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
|
||
); worker petiole variable in profile, but often with steep anterodorsal face and more shallowly inclined posterodorsal face (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB754371932800CFEC83D28" captionStart="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,184,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1437,181,1696]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 28–30. Tetraponera natalensis group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 28, T. natalensis, Mozambique (CASENT0794194); 29, T. redacta, holotype, Kenya (CASENT0863363); 30, T. schulthessi, South Africa (CASENT0794193). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (28, 30), Phil Ward (29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245645/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 28b</figureCitation>
|
||
); standing pilosity usually less common (worker CSC 2–18, worker MSC 3–28, worker HTC+MTC 0–10, queen CSC 2–8, queen MSC 8–24, queen HTC+MTC 0–4) and more distinct from underlying pubescence............................ 9
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD080A4FA5C3A1D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD080A4FA5D3DA7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD080A4FA5D3DA7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
8 Head and mesosoma with scattered punctures, densest on anterior two thirds of head, the interspaces mostly smooth and shiny, or with weak reticulation; anterior clypeal margin lacking denticles, at most feebly crenulate; body very densely pilose (worker CSC ca. 40–60, worker MSC ca. 70–120; queen unknown);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F6380FBFCAE3DA6" box="[804,879,973,995]" name="Uganda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB75437192780FBFA5D3DA7" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1376,1436,973,994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB75437192780FBFA5D3DA7" box="[1376,1436,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD080DDFA5C3A1D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD080DDFA5C3A1D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Head and mesosoma densely punctulate-coriarious, imparting a matte appearance to the integument (lacking shiny interspaces); anterior clypeal margin usually with several denticles, sometimes weakly defined; standing pilosity conspicuous but less abundant (worker CSC 8–34, worker MSC 21–100, queen CSC 7–16, queen MSC 12–75); widespread, west Africa to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB7543719028713FA583A7E" box="[1349,1433,1061,1083]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371D748774FEBB3A1D" box="[307,378,1090,1112]" name="Angola" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371DEF8774FE3F3A1D" box="[424,510,1090,1112]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB7543719698775FA5C3A1D" ID-CoL="55RPN" baseAuthorityName="Andre" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1326,1437,1091,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB7543719698775FA5C3A1D" box="[1326,1437,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">mocquerysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD08756FA5D3B42" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD08756FA5D3AEA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD08756FA5D3AEA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9 Scapes short (worker SI 0.45–0.49, queen SI 0.46–0.49) and profemur robust (worker FI 0.45–0.52, queen FI 0.49–0.53; worker FW/PL 0.49-0.56, queen FW/PL 0.44-0.51), such that worker FW/SL 0.68-0.77 and queen FW/SL 0.76-0.84; small species (worker HW 0.98–1.08, queen HW 1.10–1.16)....................................................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD0878EFA5D3B42" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD0878EFA5D3B42" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Scapes longer (worker SI 0.50–0.55, queen SI 0.49–0.54) and profemur more slender (worker FI 0.38–0.47, queen FI 0.43– 0.49; worker FW/PL 0.40-0.48, queen FW/PL 0.39-0.43) such that worker FW/SL 0.53-0.66 and queen FW/SL 0.62-0.73; size variable (worker HW 0.92-1.68, queen HW 1.00-1.61)....................................................... 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD08626FA5C3BF2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD08626FA5D3B1A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD08626FA5D3B1A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
10 Body light orange-brown, with variable infuscation around the ocelli and at the tip of the gaster (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB7543718C58639FB0B3B60" box="[1154,1226,1295,1317]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-29@20.[151,1437,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Tetraponera natalensis group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b), with inset in Figs 25b and 27b showing dorsal view of petiole, postpetiole and gaster. 25, T. caffra, South Africa (CASENT0220752); 26, T. insularis, Madagascar (CASENT0409790); 27, T. mocquerysi, Uganda (CASENT0794203). Images from AntWeb (www. antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245643/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
); petiole more robust, appearing broader in dorsal view (worker DPW/HW 0.45-0.49, queen DPW/HW 0.53-0.56);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437181A861BFB183B06" box="[1117,1241,1325,1347]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB7543718A5861BFAA23B06" box="[1250,1379,1325,1347]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437192B861BFEE03B25" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB754371924867CFA5D3B1A" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1379,1436,1354,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371924867CFA5D3B1A" box="[1379,1436,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">caffra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD0865EFA5C3BF2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD0865EFA5C3BF2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Body predominantly medium brown, with lighter yellowish-brown appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB754371FBE8651FB803B3B" box="[1017,1089,1383,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–32" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1000,1024]" captionTargetBox="[275,1314,181,976]" captionTargetId="figure-29@22.[274,1314,181,976]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 31–32. Tetraponera natalensis group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 31, T. setosa, holotype, Uganda (CASENT0794346); 32, T. kosi, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0815472). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (31), Jill Oberski (32)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245649/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
) and sometimes lighter maculation on the gaster; petiole more slender, appearing slightly narrower in dorsal view (worker DPW/HW 0.39-0.44, queen DPW/HW 0.48-0.51);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371D148694FE0D3BFD" box="[339,460,1442,1464]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
..............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB7543719318694FA5C3BF2" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1398,1437,1442,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB7543719318694FA5C3BF2" box="[1398,1437,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">kosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD086F6FA5D3868" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD086F6FA5D3BB7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD086F6FA5D3BB7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
11 Larger species (worker HW 1.38–1.68, queen HW 1.46–1.61; worker LHT 1.14–1.36, queen LHT 1.24–1.40), with smaller eyes relative to head width (worker REL2 0.43–0.49, queen REL2 0.46–0.49);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F9D86EBFBD83BB7" box="[986,1049,1501,1522]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437187086EBFB703BB6" box="[1079,1201,1501,1523]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB75437197486EBFA5D3BB7" ID-CoL="55RQG" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1331,1436,1501,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schulthessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB75437197486EBFA5D3BB7" box="[1331,1436,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">schulthessi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD086CDFA5D3868" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD086CDFA5D3868" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Smaller species (worker HW 0.92–1.29, queen HW 1.00–1.29; worker LHT 0.74–1.10, queen LHT 0.76–1.01), with larger eyes relative to head width (worker REL2 0.48–0.56, queen REL2 0.51–0.58)........................................ 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD08503FA5D3952" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD08503FA5D38C1" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD08503FA5D38C1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB754371CD08503FEE8380E" box="[151,297,1589,1611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="worker">12 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
mesonotum essentially indistinguishable from basal face of propodeum, not bounded posteriorly by a distinct transverse impression; worker petiole relatively high and short (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB754371F6E8564FC8E3822" box="[809,847,1618,1639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PLI</collectionCode>
|
||
0.67–0.80, PH/HL 0.43–0.50,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB7543718C78565FB5E382D" box="[1152,1183,1619,1640]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/LHT 0.61–0.73) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB7543719148564FA4E382D" box="[1363,1423,1618,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in Tetraponera workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in T. continua (n = 5) and T. gerdae (n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in T. emeryi (n = 12) and T. clypeata (n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in T. natalensis from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and T. redacta (coastal Kenya) (n = 10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); queen petiole short (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB754371DE28546FE0238C0" box="[421,451,1648,1669]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
/HW 0.84–0.87); coastal Kenya..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB7543719138559FA5D38C1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1364,1436,1647,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redacta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB7543719138559FA5D38C1" box="[1364,1436,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">redacta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD085BBFA5D3952" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD085BBFA5D3952" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Worker mesonotum usually distinguishable from basal face of propodeum, and separated from it by a transverse impression, albeit sometimes feeble; worker petiole height and length variable, but in east Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371867859CFBBB3885" box="[1056,1146,1706,1728]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB7543718C3859DFB073885" box="[1156,1222,1707,1728]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
), close to the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB754371CA585FEFE803899" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[226,321,1735,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redacta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371CA585FEFE803899" box="[226,321,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. redacta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, petiole tending to be longer and of lower height (PLI 0.64–0.70,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371FFF85FEFC163898" box="[952,983,1736,1757]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/HL 0.39–0.45,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437182985FEFB4C3898" box="[1134,1165,1736,1757]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/LHT 0.55–0.66) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB75437197B85F1FAB7389B" box="[1340,1398,1735,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in Tetraponera workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in T. continua (n = 5) and T. gerdae (n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in T. emeryi (n = 12) and T. clypeata (n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in T. natalensis from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and T. redacta (coastal Kenya) (n = 10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); in same region queen petiole tending to be longer (PL/HW 0.85–0.93);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F3485D3FC7538BF" box="[883,948,1765,1786]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, excluding coastal region, to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437188B85D3FA8938BE" box="[1228,1352,1765,1787]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB75437191785D3FA5838BE" box="[1360,1433,1765,1787]" name="Angola" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371D138435FE7D3952" box="[340,444,1794,1816]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB75437197C8434FA5D3952" ID-CoL="55RPT" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1339,1436,1794,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB75437197C8434FA5D3952" box="[1339,1436,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754371CD08416FA5D3982" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD08416FA5D392A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD08416FA5D392A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
13 Appendages long and slender: scape length three-quarters or more of head width in workers (SI 0.72–0.90), slightly less in queens (SI 0.67–0.76), and length of metatibia subequal to, or slightly less than, that of head (worker LHT/HL 0.85–1.12, queen LHT/HL 0.83–0.98); worker with three distinct ocelli; endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F27846CFC153935" box="[864,980,1882,1904]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB754371FA5846CFB8E392A" ID-CoL="55RP7" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[994,1103,1882,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB754371FA5846CFB8E392A" box="[994,1103,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)................... 14
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754371CD0844EFA5D3982" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754371CD0844EFA5D3982" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
- Appendages shorter and more robust: scape length about two-thirds or less of head width (worker SI 0.40–0.70, queen SI 0.39–0.68) and length of metatibia distinctly less than that of head (worker LHT/HL 0.54–0.82, queen LHT/HL 0.48–0.69); worker with two ocelli or (more commonly) none; found in both
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB754371F158484FC07398D" box="[850,966,1970,1992]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and mainland Africa.................... 22
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB754361CD084E6FA5D3EAD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB754361CD084E6FA5C3EE8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2022]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB754361CD084E6FA5C3EE8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
14 Basal margin of mandible with a prominent tooth, in addition to four teeth on the masticatory margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FFB7543718FA84F9FAEA39A0" author="Ward, P. S." box="[1213,1323,1999,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="285 - 304" refId="ref69163" refString="Ward, P. S. (2009) The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18, 285 - 304." type="journal article" year="2009">Ward 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1); anterior clypeal margin deflected ventrally; eastern and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361F7C83A1FC6E3EE8" box="[827,943,151,173]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
....................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436191983AEFA5C3EE8" box="[1374,1437,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">merita</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08383FA5D3EAD" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08383FA5D3EAD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Basal margin of mandible lacking tooth, masticatory margin with four teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FFB654361F948383FB833E8F" author="Ward, P. S." box="[979,1090,181,203]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="285 - 304" refId="ref69163" refString="Ward, P. S. (2009) The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18, 285 - 304." type="journal article" year="2009">Ward 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2); anterior clypeal margin directed forward, not deflected ventrally.................................................................... 15
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD083D9FA5D3F3E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD083D9FA5D3F05" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD083D9FA5D3F05" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15 Petiole broad (worker PWI 0.61–0.65, worker DPW/HW 0.50–0.53; queen PWI ~0.66, queen DPW/HW ~0.55), subtriangular in dorsal view, and with a relatively short, thick anterior peduncle; workers larger, HW1.48–1.58, LHT 1.64–1.76; eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361CA5821CFE973F05" box="[226,342,298,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB654361960821DFA5D3F05" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2009" box="[1319,1436,299,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manangotra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB654361960821DFA5D3F05" box="[1319,1436,299,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">manangotra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0827EFA5D3F3E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0827EFA5D3F3E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Petiole more slender (worker PWI 0.38–0.53, worker DPW/HW 0.30–0.46; queen PWI 0.42–0.65, queen DPW/HW 0.37– 0.50), obovate in dorsal view, and with a thin, elongate anterior peduncle; workers smaller, HW 0.95–1.44, LHT 1.05–1.59 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD082B4FA5D3C48" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD082B4FA5D3F97" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD082B4FA5D3F97" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
16 Petiole very slender (worker PLI 0.38–0.43;
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB654361EE682B4FD393FDD" box="[673,760,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1683]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Tetraponera grandidieri group (22) and T. natalensis group (23, 24), workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 22, T. elegans, Madagascar (CASENT0300734); 23, T. andrei, Mozambique (CASENT0794345); 24, T. anthracina, Uganda (CASENT0794191). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245641/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 22b</figureCitation>
|
||
), petiole length equal to, or exceeding, head width (worker PL/HW 1.01–1.05); legs relatively long (worker LHT/HW 1.22–1.29); queen unknown but expected to have comparably long petiole and legs; eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361DCF828BFE3D3F96" box="[392,508,445,467]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB654361914828BFA5D3F97" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1363,1436,445,466]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB654361914828BFA5D3F97" box="[1363,1436,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD082EDFA5D3C48" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD082EDFA5D3C48" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Petiole less elongate (worker PLI 0.49–0.59, queen PLI 0.52–0.60), petiole length shorter than head width (worker PL/HW 0.70–0.85, queen PL/HW 0.77–0.88); legs shorter (worker LHT/HW 1.02–1.22, queen LHT/HW 1.00–1.13)............ 17</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD08123FA5D3CDA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08123FA5D3C21" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08123FA5D3C21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
17 Scape with conspicuous suberect and subdecumbent hairs; body tricolored: metasoma, appendages, and ventral margin of mesosoma orange, most of mesosoma reddish-brown, and head dark brownish black; endemic to Manongarivo Massif,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB6543619198104FEDE3C20" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.........................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436191F8179FA5D3C21" box="[1368,1436,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0815BFA5D3CDA" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0815BFA5D3CDA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Most hairs on scape appressed or decumbent, and generally inconspicuous, except those at the apex; body color variable but usually without preceding tricolor pattern; widespread....................................................... 18</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD0819EFA5D3D77" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0819EFA5D3CBD" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0819EFA5D3CBD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
18 Metanotal spiracle of worker not protruding above the profile of the mesosoma, as seen in lateral view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FFB6543618988191FA8F3CF8" author="Ward, P. S." box="[1247,1358,679,701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="285 - 304" refId="ref69163" refString="Ward, P. S. (2009) The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18, 285 - 304." type="journal article" year="2009">Ward 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 5); head broad (worker CI 0.88–0.97, queen CI 0.87–0.89); head and mesosoma reddish-brown, metasoma and appendages paler; eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361D6B81D4FE613CBD" box="[300,416,738,760]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
..............................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436191381D5FA5D3CBD" box="[1364,1436,739,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08036FA5D3D77" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08036FA5D3D77" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Metanotal spiracle of worker more or less protruding above the profile of the mesosoma, as seen in lateral view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FFB65436196D81C9FA593D50" author="Ward, P. S." box="[1322,1432,767,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="285 - 304" refId="ref69163" refString="Ward, P. S. (2009) The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18, 285 - 304." type="journal article" year="2009">Ward 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6); head usually more elongate (worker CI 0.77–0.90, queen CI 0.79–0.86); color variable....................... 19
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD0800CFA5D3DA7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0800CFA5D3DCF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0800CFA5D3DCF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB654361CD0800CFEEC3D15" box="[151,301,826,848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="worker">19 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
: dorsum of propodeum laterally compressed, the propodeum appearing subtriangular in posterior view; body and legs concolorous orange-brown; relatively large (worker HW 1.14–1.36, queen HW ~1.36);
|
||
<location id="8ED5D2AAFFB6543618728061FB533D28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD:8ED5D2AAFFB6543618728061FB533D28" box="[1077,1170,855,877]" country="Madagascar" name="Ankarana" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ankarana</location>
|
||
massif, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB6543619798061FF3E3DCF" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.....................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB6543618BB8043FA893DCF" box="[1276,1352,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hespera</emphasis>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD080A5FA5D3DA7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD080A5FA5D3DA7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Worker: dorsum of propodeum more broadly rounded, the propodeum appearing domeshaped in posterior view; color and size variable, but
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB654361D278086FEAC3D80" box="[352,365,944,965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">if</emphasis>
|
||
body and legs concolorous orange-brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB654361F418099FCEE3D81" box="[774,815,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">then</emphasis>
|
||
smaller in size (worker HW 1.01–1.12, queen HW 1.01–1.19). .................................................................................................. 20
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD080DCFA5D3A30" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD080DCFA5D3A7F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD080DCFA5D3A7F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20 Legs uniformly light orange-brown, femora lacking conspicuous black banding; body usually bicolored, such that dark head contrasts with lighter orange-brown mesosoma and metasoma, less commonly unicolorous orange; eastern and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB6543619198731FEDE3A7F" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB6543619688713FA5D3A7F" ID-CoL="55RP7" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1327,1436,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB6543619688713FA5D3A7F" box="[1327,1436,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08775FA5D3A30" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08775FA5D3A30" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Legs light orange-brown, with contrasting black bands on the distal portions of the mesofemur and metafemur; body concolorous or bicolored (in latter case both head and gaster are dark brownish-black).................................... 21</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD0874BFA5D3AF5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0874BFA5D3AD7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0874BFA5D3AD7" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
21 Body concolorous yellow brown or orange brown; northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361F17874BFC053AD6" box="[848,964,1149,1171]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB6543618BB874BFA893AD7" box="[1276,1352,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hespera</emphasis>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD087ADFA5D3AF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD087ADFA5D3AF5" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Body bicolored, head and gaster dark brown and contrasting with the lighter mesosoma; eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB6543618C787ACFB353AF5" box="[1152,1268,1178,1200]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.....
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436190787ADFA5D3AF5" box="[1344,1436,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">variegata</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD0878EFA5D3B60" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0878EFA5D3AAF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0878EFA5D3AAF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
22 Long axis of compound eye directed anteromedially (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FFB654361F508781FC423A88" author="Ward, P. S." box="[791,899,1207,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="119 - 130" refId="ref69117" refString="Ward, P. S. (2006) The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua - group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 119 - 130." type="journal article" year="2006">Ward 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4); upper half of mesosternum sparsely pubescent; workers dimorphic, with a discrete soldier subcaste (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB654361E9B87E3FCF13AAF" ID-CoL="55RN7" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[732,816,1237,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB654361E9B87E3FCF13AAF" box="[732,816,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group)........................................... 23
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD087C5FA5D3B60" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD087C5FA5D3B60" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Long axis of compound eye directed anteriorly or anterolaterally; mesosternum densely pubescent almost throughout; workers monomorphic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB654361D318639FE1F3B61" ID-CoL="55RN6" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[374,478,1295,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allaborans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB654361D318639FE1F3B61" box="[374,478,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">allaborans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group)....................................................................... 26
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD0861BFA5C3BDF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0861BFA5D3B1A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0861BFA5D3B1A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">23 Smaller species (worker HW 0.51–0.71, queen HW 0.50–0.69) with elongate head (worker CI 0.66–0.79, queen CI 0.52–0.67); masticatory margin of mandible with four teeth; African mainland and Arabian Peninsula........................... 24</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0865EFA5C3BDF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0865EFA5C3BDF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Larger species (worker HW 0.80–0.92, queen HW 1.03) with broader head (worker CI 0.89–0.92, queen CI 0.74); masticatory margin of mandible with six teeth; endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361EE486B3FCD63BDE" box="[675,791,1413,1435]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
...........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436196586B3FA5C3BDF" box="[1314,1437,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">phragmotica</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD08694FA5D380E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08694FA5D3BB7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08694FA5D3BB7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
24 Standing pilosity common on mesosoma dorsum (worker MSC 12–44, queen MSC 20–56); larger species (worker HW 0.61– 0.71, queen HW 0.62–0.69), with disproportionately smaller eyes (worker REL2 0.54–0.60, queen REL2 0.59–0.64);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB6543619178689FA5D3B90" box="[1360,1436,1471,1493]" name="Senegal" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Arabian Peninsula, south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361E4E86EBFD433BB6" box="[521,642,1501,1523]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB65436190F86EBFA5D3BB7" ID-CoL="55RN7" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1352,1436,1501,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436190F86EBFA5D3BB7" box="[1352,1436,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD086CDFA5D380E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD086CDFA5D380E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Standing pilosity virtually absent from mesosoma dorsum in worker except for one pair of long setae on pronotum (worker MSC 2–3), and relatively sparse in queen (queen MSC 8–13); smaller species (worker HW 0.51–0.59, queen HW 0.50–0.60), with larger eyes (worker REL2 0.63–0.72, queen REL2 0.66–0.73)............................................. 25</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD08564FA5D38BF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08564FA5D38E7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08564FA5D38E7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB654361CD08564FEEC382D" box="[151,301,1618,1640]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="worker">25 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
: standing pilosity common on posterior half of head, conspicuous in profile (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAC2C0AFFB65436184B8564FB41382D" box="[1036,1152,1618,1640]" collectionCode="CSC" country="Cuba" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12869" name="Colegio del Sagrado Corazón" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">CSC 12–22</specimenCode>
|
||
); queen: posterolateral corner of head with a linear patch of raised, roughened cuticle, flanking the ocellar triangle; petiole short and robust (worker PLI 0.54–0.61, worker PL/HL 0.46–0.50, queen PLI 0.59–0.64);
|
||
<location id="8ED5D2AAFFB654361F6D85BBFC5038E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A33567FFB554301CD085F0FA5C3EAD:8ED5D2AAFFB654361F6D85BBFC5038E6" box="[810,913,1677,1699]" country="Somalia" name="east Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">east Africa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361FDA85BBFC2C38E6" box="[925,1005,1677,1699]" name="Somalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB65436184B85BBFB4D38E6" box="[1036,1164,1677,1699]" name="Mozambique" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
).................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB65436191D85BBFA5D38E7" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2006" box="[1370,1436,1677,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436191D85BBFA5D38E7" box="[1370,1436,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">parops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0859DFA5D38BF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0859DFA5D38BF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Worker: standing pilosity sparse on posterior half of head (CSC 2–4); queen: posterolateral corner of head without a linear patch of raised, roughened cuticle; petiole usually more elongate (worker PLI 0.47–0.56, worker PL/HL 0.50–0.54, queen PLI 0.46–0.55); west and central Africa, east to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361EC385D3FD0238BF" box="[644,707,1765,1786]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB65436196385D3FA5D38BF" ID-CoL="55RQ2" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1316,1436,1765,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436196385D3FA5D38BF" box="[1316,1436,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ophthalmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654361CD08434FA5D3970" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08434FA5D395D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1794,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08434FA5D395D" box="[151,1436,1794,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
26 Occurring on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361D208434FE1A395D" box="[359,475,1794,1816]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB654361E4D8434FDA33952" box="[522,610,1794,1815]" name="Comoros" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands.................... Malagasy
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB65436184F8434FBB13952" ID-CoL="55RN6" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1032,1136,1794,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allaborans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB65436184F8434FBB13952" box="[1032,1136,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">allaborans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group (treated no further here)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD08416FA5D3970" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1823,1845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD08416FA5D3970" box="[151,1436,1823,1845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Occurring on African mainland......................................................................... 27</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB654311CD0840BFA5D3E8F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654361CD0840BFA5D39EF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654361CD0840BFA5D39EF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB654361CD0840BFEE83916" box="[151,297,1853,1875]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="worker">27 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
frontal carinae more closely contiguous (worker FCI 0.08–0.14), minimum distance between them less than one quarter of scape length (worker MFC/SL 0.13–0.22); petiole elongate and slender (worker PLI 0.50–0.61, queen PLI 0.49–0.59; worker PWI 0.38–0.48, queen PWI 0.40–0.51); masticatory margin of mandible with 3 teeth; scape generally longer (worker SI 0.56–0.67; queen SI2 0.38–0.47) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB654361E0284A3FD4539EF" box="[581,644,1941,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB654361EC984A3FD7E39EE" box="[654,703,1941,1963]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7–9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId-0="14.[151,264,1692,1716]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1437,181,1666]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId-0="figure-29@14.[151,1437,181,1667]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 7–9. Tetraponera allaborans group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 7, T. dispar, worker, holotype, Republic of Congo (CASENT0888518); 8, T. emeryi, worker, South Africa (CASENT0220743); 9, T. exactor, alate queen, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0794350). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Peter Hawkes (7), Matthew Prebus (8, 9)." captionText-1="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245620" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6245620/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................................................... 28
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB654311CD08485FA5D3E8F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB654311CD08485FA5D3E8F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Worker frontal carinae more widely separated (worker FCI 0.13–0.24), minimum distance between them varying from one quarter to one half of scape length (worker MFC/SL 0.26–0.54); petiole relatively short and broad (worker PLI 0.72–1.21, queen PLI 0.73–1.29; worker PWI 0.57–0.97, queen PWI 0.59–1.22); masticatory margin of mandible with 4-5 teeth; scape generally shorter (worker SI 0.41–0.58, queen SI2 0.28–0.37) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311F798383FC543E8E" box="[830,917,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311FD88383FC1A3E8E" box="[927,987,181,203]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16–18" captionStartId-0="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,264,1695,1719]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,264,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,184,1670]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1689]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetId-1="figure-29@16.[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–15. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 13, T. pedana, holotype, Kenya (CASENT0794355); 14, T. penzigi, Kenya (CASENT0794353); 15, T. pumila, holotype, Burundi (CASENT0863337). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (13, 14), Phil Ward (15)." captionText-2="FIGURES 16–18. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 16, T. tessmanni, Cameroon (CASENT0794354); 17, T. hysterica, Madagascar (CASENT0012842); 18, T. longula, Madagascar (CASENT0012843). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (16), April Nobile (17, 18)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245628" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245633" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6245628/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6245633/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11–16</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................. 32
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD083E4FA5D3F7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD083E4FA5D3F40" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD083E4FA5D3F40" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
28 Known only from queen caste and suspected of being a workerless social parasite; conspicuous standing pilosity on mesosoma (MSC 16) and petiole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311D8783D9FDC63F40" box="[448,519,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[151,1437,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 7–9. Tetraponera allaborans group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 7, T. dispar, worker, holotype, Republic of Congo (CASENT0888518); 8, T. emeryi, worker, South Africa (CASENT0220743); 9, T. exactor, alate queen, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0794350). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Peter Hawkes (7), Matthew Prebus (8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245620/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
|
||
); small in size (HW 0.55, LHT 0.43);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311F3183D9FC2E3F40" box="[886,1007,239,261]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191383C6FA5D3F40" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1364,1436,240,261]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exactor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191383C6FA5D3F40" box="[1364,1436,240,261]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">exactor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0823BFA5D3F7A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0823BFA5D3F7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Workers and queens; standing pilosity sparse on mesosoma (worker MSC 0–2, queen MSC 0–6) and absent from petiole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311935823BFF3D3F05" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311D41821CFE853F05" box="[262,324,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[151,1437,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 7–9. Tetraponera allaborans group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 7, T. dispar, worker, holotype, Republic of Congo (CASENT0888518); 8, T. emeryi, worker, South Africa (CASENT0220743); 9, T. exactor, alate queen, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0794350). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Peter Hawkes (7), Matthew Prebus (8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245620/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7b, 8b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311D09821CFEB43F05" box="[334,373,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10b</figureCitation>
|
||
); size variable, generally larger............................................................. 29
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD0827EFA5D3FAA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0827EFA5D3FD2" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0827EFA5D3FD2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
29 Small (worker HL 0.66–0.67, worker LHT 0.43–0.44) with broad head (worker CI 0.77–0.78) and relatively large eyes (worker REL 0.35) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311D128253FE5D3F3F" box="[341,412,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[151,1437,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 7–9. Tetraponera allaborans group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 7, T. dispar, worker, holotype, Republic of Congo (CASENT0888518); 8, T. emeryi, worker, South Africa (CASENT0220743); 9, T. exactor, alate queen, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0794350). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Peter Hawkes (7), Matthew Prebus (8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245620/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
); queen unknown but expected to be similar (HL ~0.75, LHT ~0.48, CI ~0.75, REL ~0.35); light orangebrown;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311D6B82B4FE223FD2" box="[300,483,386,408]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191882B4FA5D3FD2" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1375,1436,386,407]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191882B4FA5D3FD2" box="[1375,1436,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD08296FA5D3FAA" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD08296FA5D3FAA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Larger (worker HL 0.74–0.99, worker LHT 0.48–0.64; queen HL 0.88–1.12, queen LHT 0.54–0.65) with more elongate head (worker CI 0.70–0.76, queen CI 0.67–0.72) and smaller eyes (worker REL 0.28–0.32, queen REL 0.27–0.31) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB1543118BF828BFA803F97" box="[1272,1345,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB15431190E828BFAA03F97" box="[1353,1377,445,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[151,1437,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 7–9. Tetraponera allaborans group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 7, T. dispar, worker, holotype, Republic of Congo (CASENT0888518); 8, T. emeryi, worker, South Africa (CASENT0220743); 9, T. exactor, alate queen, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0794350). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Peter Hawkes (7), Matthew Prebus (8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245620/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB15431192C828BFA503F96" box="[1387,1425,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10a</figureCitation>
|
||
); color varying from yellowish-orange to dark brown; occurring in southern Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311FBE82ECFBB63FB5" box="[1017,1143,474,496]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB1543118C782ECFB173FB5" box="[1152,1238,474,496]" name="Swaziland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB1543118A782ECFA893FB5" box="[1248,1352,474,496]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
).... 30
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD082CEFA5D3CC7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD082CEFA5D3C02" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD082CEFA5D3C02" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB154311CD082CEFEEC3C48" box="[151,301,503,525]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="worker">30 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
: scape shorter (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB154311DF982CEFE153C48" box="[446,468,504,525]" country="Argentina" name="Museo Botánico (SI)" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">SI</collectionCode>
|
||
0.56–0.62) and petiole shorter and broader (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB154311F3F82CEFC673C48" box="[888,934,504,525]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PWI</collectionCode>
|
||
0.46–0.48, PL/HW 0.72–0.77); medium-brown with variably lighter mesonotum and appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311EE68123FD2A3C6E" box="[673,747,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); alate/dealate queen unknown, an apparent ergatoid with SI 0.56 and PL/HW 0.83;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311D2E8104FE233C0D" box="[361,482,562,584]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191B8104FA5D3C02" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1372,1436,562,583]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furtiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191B8104FA5D3C02" box="[1372,1436,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">furtiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD08166FA5D3CC7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD08166FA5D3CC7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">- Scape longer (worker SI 0.61–0.68; queen SI 0.57–0.66) and petiole more slender (worker PWI 0.38–0.46, worker PL/HW 0.79–0.94; queen PL/HW 0.92–1.03); uniformly yellowish-orange or dark brown................................. 31</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD081BCFA5D3C9F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD081BCFA5D3CF8" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD081BCFA5D3CF8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
31 Yellowish-orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311DDE81BCFE123CE5" box="[409,467,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,181,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[151,1437,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 7–9. Tetraponera allaborans group, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 7, T. dispar, worker, holotype, Republic of Congo (CASENT0888518); 8, T. emeryi, worker, South Africa (CASENT0220743); 9, T. exactor, alate queen, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0794350). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Peter Hawkes (7), Matthew Prebus (8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245620/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape longer (worker SI 0.64–0.68; queen SI2 0.43–0.47) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB15431186781BCFB9A3CE5" box="[1056,1115,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in Tetraponera workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in T. continua (n = 5) and T. gerdae (n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in T. emeryi (n = 12) and T. clypeata (n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in T. natalensis from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and T. redacta (coastal Kenya) (n = 10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431182981BCFB2A3CE5" box="[1134,1259,650,672]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB1543118B281BCFA8A3CE5" box="[1269,1355,650,672]" name="Swaziland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431191181BCFECB3CF8" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191C819EFA5D3CF8" ID-CoL="55RNX" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1371,1436,680,701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191C819EFA5D3CF8" box="[1371,1436,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">emeryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD081F3FA5D3C9F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" box="[151,1436,709,731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD081F3FA5D3C9F" box="[151,1436,709,731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311D2581F3FE5C3C9E" box="[354,413,709,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape tending to be shorter (worker SI 0.61–0.64; queen SI2 0.38–0.42) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB15431182A81F3FB693C9E" box="[1133,1192,709,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in Tetraponera workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in T. continua (n = 5) and T. gerdae (n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in T. emeryi (n = 12) and T. clypeata (n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in T. natalensis from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and T. redacta (coastal Kenya) (n = 10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB1543118FD81F3FAF53C9E" box="[1210,1332,709,731]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431190C81F3FA5D3C9F" ID-CoL="55RNQ" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1355,1436,709,730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431190C81F3FA5D3C9F" box="[1355,1436,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">clypeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD081D4FA5D3DCF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD081D4FA5D3D77" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD081D4FA5D3D77" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
32 Eyes very small (worker REL2 <0.32, queen REL2 ~0.32) and scape very short (worker SI <0.45, queen SI ~0.40); petiole broad (worker PWI ~0.90, queen PWI ~1.00), and furnished with a large, subrectangular subpetiolar process, rounded anteroventrally and posteroventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311E48802BFDA23D76" box="[527,611,797,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–18" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 16–18. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 16, T. tessmanni, Cameroon (CASENT0794354); 17, T. hysterica, Madagascar (CASENT0012842); 18, T. longula, Madagascar (CASENT0012843). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (16), April Nobile (17, 18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245633/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
|
||
); orange-brown to reddish-brown....................................... 33
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0800DFA5D3DCF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0800DFA5D3DCF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">- Eyes larger (worker REL2 0.33–0.48, queen REL2 0.35–0.53) and scape longer (worker SI 0.47–0.58, queen SI 0.45–0.60); petiole less broad (worker PWI 0.57–0.86, queen PWI 0.59–0.81), lacking a large subrectangular ventral process; brown to brownish-black...................................................................................... 34</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD080A4FA5D3A7F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD080A4FA5D3DA7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD080A4FA5D3DA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB154311CD080A4FEE03DE2" box="[151,289,914,935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="queen">33 Queen</specimenCount>
|
||
(based on original description):
|
||
<quantity id="4CF22994FFB154311E1F80A4FD603DED" box="[600,673,914,936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with elongate head (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB154311FD880A4FC793DE2" box="[927,952,914,935]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15344" name="Carnegie Institution of Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">CI</collectionCode>
|
||
~0.60) and tridentate median clypeal lobe; worker unknown but expected to be moderately large (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB154311EE78086FD093D80" box="[672,712,944,965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">HW</collectionCode>
|
||
~0.75) with a dentate clypeal lobe and elongate head (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB15431188C8086FB253D80" box="[1227,1252,944,965]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15344" name="Carnegie Institution of Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">CI</collectionCode>
|
||
~0.70); see discussion in text;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311D1E80FBFE7C3DA7" box="[345,445,973,994]" name="Cameroon" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
.............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431192380FBFA5D3DA7" ID-CoL="55RPK" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1380,1436,973,994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431192380FBFA5D3DA7" box="[1380,1436,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mayri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD080DDFA5D3A7F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD080DDFA5D3A7F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Queen:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF22994FFB154311D6980DCFEBC3A45" box="[302,381,1002,1024]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with broader head (CI 0.71–0.78) and convex, edentate median clypeal lobe; worker: small (HW 0.58– 0.66) with moderately broad head (CI 0.76–0.84); median clypeal lobe convex, lacking teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB15431182D8731FB7C3A58" box="[1130,1213,1031,1053]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–18" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 16–18. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 16, T. tessmanni, Cameroon (CASENT0794354); 17, T. hysterica, Madagascar (CASENT0012842); 18, T. longula, Madagascar (CASENT0012843). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (16), April Nobile (17, 18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245633/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
|
||
); obligate inhabitant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB154311CA58713FED33A7F" ID-CoL="8W4MP" box="[226,274,1061,1082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Vitex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB154311CA58713FED33A7F" box="[226,274,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vitex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311D598713FE9C3A7E" box="[286,349,1061,1083]" name="Ghana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311D3C8713FE223A7F" box="[379,483,1061,1082]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431197B8713FA5D3A7F" ID-CoL="55RQM" baseAuthorityName="Stitz" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1340,1436,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431197B8713FA5D3A7F" box="[1340,1436,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tessmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD08774FA5D3B06" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD08774FA5C3A88" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD08774FA5C3A88" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FFB154311CD08774FEE83A1D" box="[151,297,1090,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="worker">34 Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
with standing pilosity as follows: one to several pairs of setae on the frontal carinae, and usually one pair on the vertex and pronotum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB154311D338756FE623A30" box="[372,419,1120,1141]" country="Cuba" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12869" name="Colegio del Sagrado Corazón" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">CSC</collectionCode>
|
||
0–2, MSC 0–2); worker propodeum and petiole laterally rounded, their dorsal surfaces appearing broadly convex in posterior view; queen of moderate size (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FFB154311E94874BFD3A3AD7" box="[723,763,1149,1170]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">HW</collectionCode>
|
||
0.75–0.87, LHT 0.60–0.68) and with frontal carinae relatively close, the minimum distance between them less than one fifth of head width (queen FCI 0.15–0.18);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431183E87ACFEE33A88" isEnumeration="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311D6C8781FE533A88" box="[299,402,1207,1229]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB1543119468781FA5C3A88" ID-CoL="55RPG" authority="(Forel)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1281,1437,1207,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liengmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB1543119468781FA953A89" box="[1281,1364,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">liengmei</emphasis>
|
||
(Forel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD087E3FA5D3B06" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD087E3FA5D3B06" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">- Worker with standing pilosity sparser, lacking on frontal carinae, vertex, and pronotum (CSC 0, MSC 0); worker propodeum and petiole laterally submarginate, and their dorsal surfaces appearing almost flat in posterior view; queen variable in size, usually smaller, but if approaching or exceeding the above size range, then frontal carinae more widely separated, the minimum distance between them more than one fifth of head width (queen FCI>0.20)..................................... 35</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD0867CFA5D3BFD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0867CFA5C3B39" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0867CFA5C3B39" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
35 Anterior margin of clypeus with only a single pair of stout setae, directed anteroventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311817867CFB623B25" box="[1104,1187,1354,1376]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,184,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 13–15. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 13, T. pedana, holotype, Kenya (CASENT0794355); 14, T. penzigi, Kenya (CASENT0794353); 15, T. pumila, holotype, Burundi (CASENT0863337). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (13, 14), Phil Ward (15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 15a</figureCitation>
|
||
); very small (worker HW 0.42–0.53, queen HW 0.47; worker LHT 0.30–0.38, queen LHT 0.37);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311FC98651FC0C3B38" box="[910,973,1383,1405]" name="Ghana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311FAC865EFBED3B38" box="[1003,1068,1384,1405]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB1543118CF8651FB2E3B38" box="[1160,1263,1383,1405]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191D8651FA5C3B39" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1370,1437,1383,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191D8651FA5C3B39" box="[1370,1437,1383,1404]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD086B3FA5D3BFD" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD086B3FA5D3BFD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">- Anterior margin of clypeus with multiple setae, one pair directed anteriorly, and 4–6 setae directed anteroventrally; generally larger (worker HW 0.41–0.83, queen HW 0.47–0.94; worker LHT 0.36–0.72, queen LHT 0.40–0.90).................. 36</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD08689FA5D3822" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD08689FA5D384A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD08689FA5D384A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
36 Head relatively broad (worker CI 0.78–0.86, queen CI 0.64–0.68) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311FC38689FBCE3B93" box="[900,1039,1471,1494]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,184,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 13–15. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 13, T. pedana, holotype, Kenya (CASENT0794355); 14, T. penzigi, Kenya (CASENT0794353); 15, T. pumila, holotype, Burundi (CASENT0863337). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (13, 14), Phil Ward (15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 13a, 14a</figureCitation>
|
||
); frontal carinae more widely separated relative to eye length, the minimum distance between them equal to, or exceeding, one half of eye length (worker MFC/EL 0.50–0.65, queen MFC/EL 0.55–0.64).................................................................... 37
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0852EFA5D3822" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0852EFA5D3822" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Head more elongate (worker CI 0.61–0.73, queen CI 0.50–0.64) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311F098521FC793868" box="[846,952,1559,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 5a, 6a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311F86852EFC24386B" box="[961,997,1560,1582]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11a</figureCitation>
|
||
); frontal carinae less widely separated relative to eye length, the minimum distance between them less than one half of eye length (worker MFC/EL 0.30–0.48, queen MFC/EL 0.37–0.44).......................................................................................... 38
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD08546FA5438BF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD08546FA5C38E7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD08546FA5C38E7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
37 Upper third of head and most of mesosoma dorsum smooth and shiny, with scattered punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB1543118C48559FB0B38C3" box="[1155,1226,1647,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,184,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 13–15. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 13, T. pedana, holotype, Kenya (CASENT0794355); 14, T. penzigi, Kenya (CASENT0794353); 15, T. pumila, holotype, Burundi (CASENT0863337). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (13, 14), Phil Ward (15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); legs shorter, worker LHT 0.37–0.47, worker LHT/HW 0.64–0.73 (queen unknown);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311F0D85BBFBFF38E6" box="[842,1086,1677,1699]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431180085BBFB5538E6" box="[1095,1172,1677,1699]" name="Uganda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB1543118D985BBFB1C38E7" box="[1182,1245,1677,1698]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
.........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191185BBFA5C38E7" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1366,1437,1677,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191185BBFA5C38E7" box="[1366,1437,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pedana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0859DFA5438BF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0859DFA5438BF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Dorsum of head and mesosoma predominantly reticulate-coriarious and opaque (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311FAD859CFBF33885" box="[1002,1074,1706,1728]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,184,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 13–15. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 13, T. pedana, holotype, Kenya (CASENT0794355); 14, T. penzigi, Kenya (CASENT0794353); 15, T. pumila, holotype, Burundi (CASENT0863337). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (13, 14), Phil Ward (15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
); legs longer, worker LHT 0.50–0.72, queen LHT 0.79–0.90; worker LHT/HW 0.77–0.88, queen LHT/HW 0.94–1.01); east Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431182285F1FB793898" box="[1125,1208,1735,1757]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431189085F1FAEE3898" box="[1239,1327,1735,1757]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
)..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431191085FEFEE738BE" ID-CoL="55RQ3" authority="(Mayr)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penzigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431191085FEFA5D3898" box="[1367,1436,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">penzigi</emphasis>
|
||
(Mayr)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...............................................................................................
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154311CD08434FA5D39C8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD08434FA5D3970" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD08434FA5D3970" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
38 Upper third of head smooth and shiny, with scattered punctures; frontal carinae more closely adjacent (worker FCI 0.12–0.15, queen FCI 0.17) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311DCB8429FE133970" box="[396,466,1823,1845]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
|
||
); legs shorter (worker LHT/HW 0.73–0.78, queen LHT/HW 0.86); central Africa.........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB1543119108416FA5D3970" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1367,1436,1824,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cortina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB1543119108416FA5D3970" box="[1367,1436,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">cortina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD0840BFA5D39C8" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD0840BFA5D39C8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Head sublucid, with scattered punctures on coriarious background sculpture; frontal carinae more widely separated separated (worker FCI 0.16–0.19, queen FCI 0.22–0.23) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311EED846CFD323935" box="[682,755,1882,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 5a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311EBA846CFCE03935" box="[765,801,1882,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11a</figureCitation>
|
||
); legs longer (worker LHT/HW 0.87–1.00, queen LHT/HW 0.99– 1.01).............................................................................................. 39
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FE9CD4FFB154301CD084A3FA5C3EAD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB154311CD084A3FA5D39A0" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB154311CD084A3FA5D39A0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
39 Petiole short, high and broad (worker PLI 0.82–0.93, queen PLI 0.73–0.78; worker
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431185684A3FBF139EF" box="[1041,1072,1941,1962]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/HW 0.56–0.67, queen
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB15431195584A3FAF039EF" box="[1298,1329,1941,1962]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/HW 0.72– 0.78; worker DPW/HW 0.43–0.53, queen DPW/HW 0.61–0.64) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311F2E8484FC7F398D" box="[873,958,1970,1992]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 10, T. furtiva, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0843646); 11, T. gerdae, Kenya (CASENT0842369); 12, T. liengmei, South Africa (CASENT0794351). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Phil Ward (10), Zachary Griebenow (11), Matthew Prebus (12)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245624/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11b</figureCitation>
|
||
); postpetiole relatively broad (worker PPW/HW 0.56–0.64, queen PPW/HW 0.77–0.81) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB154311E2F84F9FD6139A3" box="[616,672,1999,2022]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in Tetraponera workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in T. continua (n = 5) and T. gerdae (n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in T. emeryi (n = 12) and T. clypeata (n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in T. natalensis from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and T. redacta (coastal Kenya) (n = 10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311EF284F9FD3739A0" box="[693,758,1999,2021]" name="Eritrea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB154311F5284F9FCBD39A0" box="[789,892,1999,2021]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB15431195F84F9FA5D39A0" ID-CoL="55RP6" authority="(Stitz)" baseAuthorityName="Stitz" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1304,1436,1999,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerdae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB15431195F84F9FA9B39A1" box="[1304,1370,1999,2020]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">gerdae</emphasis>
|
||
(Stitz)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB58471FFB054301CD083AEFA5C3EAD" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FB2744FFB054301CD083AEFA5C3EAD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
- Petiole slightly more elongate, lower, and narrower (worker PLI 0.72–0.82,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB054301FF683AEFC113EE8" box="[945,976,152,173]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/HW 0.53–0.55, DPW/HW 0.40–0.43) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB05430190D83A1FA513EE8" box="[1354,1424,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-97@13.[151,1436,257,1752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Tetraponera allaborans group, workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 4, T. clypeata, South Africa (CASENT0220741); 5, T. continua, The Gambia (CASENT0794348); 6, T. cortina, holotype, DR Congo (CASENT0794352). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographer Matthew Prebus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245614/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
|
||
); postpetiole less broad (worker PPW/HW 0.50–0.52) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133198F4FFB054301EAF8383FCE13E8E" box="[744,800,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Bivariate plots of various metric measurements in Tetraponera workers. 1a, petiole height (PH) against head width (HW) in T. continua (n = 5) and T. gerdae (n = 10); 1b, postpetiole width (PPW) against head width (HW), for the same individuals; 2, scape length (SL) against head width (HW) in T. emeryi (n = 12) and T. clypeata (n = 10); 3, petiole height (PH) against length of metatibia (LHT) in T. natalensis from Kenya and Tanzania (n = 13) and T. redacta (coastal Kenya) (n = 10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); queen unknown but expected to have more slender petiole (PLI ~0.70,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB054301D6283E5FE853EAD" box="[293,324,211,232]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
/HW ~0.70, DPW/HW ~0.60) and postpetiole (PPW/HW ~0.75); west Africa to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FFB05430180083E4FB593EAD" box="[1095,1176,210,232]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FFB05430194783E5FA5C3EAD" authority="(Forel)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" box="[1280,1437,210,232]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E5863FFB05430194783E5FA953EAD" box="[1280,1364,211,232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">continua</emphasis>
|
||
(Forel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |