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<mods:title id="CEBA10FFE94BD9C8CCD624B6DC28176F">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F1FC71FBABF8981B06BFC05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718357" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F1FC71FBABF8981B06BFC05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F1FC71FBABF8981B06BFC05" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F1FC71FBABF8981B7C1FD01" box="[151,687,690,717]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1FC71FBABF8981B7C1FD01" blockId="116.[151,1437,690,969]" box="[151,687,690,717]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBABF8981B5D5FD01" bold="true" box="[151,187,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FBAEA8980B7C5FD01" ID-CoL="78TFR" authority="Neumann, 1906" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[194,683,690,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBAEA8980B482FD01" bold="true" box="[194,492,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus cuspidatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBBDC8981B7C5FD01" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[500,683,691,717]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref235368" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F1FC71FB89E8981B471FC4D" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1FC71FB89E8981B471FC4D" blockId="116.[151,1437,690,969]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB9478981B6DBFD01" box="[879,949,691,717]" name="Benin" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Benin</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB9C98981B115FD01" box="[993,1147,691,717]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBE8F8981B071FD01" box="[1191,1311,691,717]" name="Cameroon" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBF628981B432FD3D" name="Central African Republic" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBBAD89E5B4AEFD3D" box="[389,448,727,753]" name="Chad" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Chad</collectingCountry>
(south), 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB86A89E5B6A2FD3D" box="[578,972,727,753]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB9DE89E5B13CFD3D" box="[1014,1106,727,753]" name="Gambia" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Gambia</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBE5389E5B1A9FD3D" box="[1147,1223,727,753]" name="Ghana" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBED889E5B0F6FD3D" box="[1264,1432,727,753]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
, 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBAED89C9B423FCD9" box="[197,333,763,789]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
, 11)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBBAE89C9B4D5FCD9" box="[390,443,763,789]" name="Serbia" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mali</collectingCountry>
(south), 12)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB87889C9B7A5FCD9" box="[592,715,763,789]" name="Mauritania" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
(south), 13)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB97789C9B6F1FCD9" box="[863,927,763,789]" name="Niger" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Niger</collectingCountry>
(south), 14)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBE1C89C9B1E5FCD9" box="[1076,1163,763,789]" name="Nigeria" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, 15)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBEED89C9B04EFCD9" box="[1221,1312,763,789]" name="Senegal" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 16)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBF7389C9B58EFCF5" name="South Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
, 17)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FBB35882DB40DFCF5" box="[285,355,799,825]" name="Sudan" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sudan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBB5B882DB772FCF5" author="Tendeiro, J." box="[371,540,798,825]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="909 - 28" refId="ref257870" refString="Tendeiro, J. (1951) Ixodideos da Guine Portuguesa. Nota sobre duas carracas do genero Rhipicephalus. Boletim Cultural da Guine Portuguesa, (24), 909 - 28." type="journal article" year="1951">Tendeiro 1951</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB803882DB798FCF5" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[555,758,798,825]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">
Hoogstraal 1956
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB8C1882CB798FCF5" author="Elbl A &amp; Anastos, G." box="[745,758,798,825]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 555" refId="ref191120" refString="Elbl A. &amp; Anastos, G. (1966 c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (147), 1 - 555." type="journal article" year="1966">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Elbl &amp; Anastos 1966c,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBE3A882DB195FCF5" author="Terenius, O. &amp; Mejlon, H. A. &amp; Jaenson, T. G. T." box="[1042,1275,799,825]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="973 - 976" refId="ref258461" refString="Terenius, O., Mejlon, H. A. &amp; Jaenson, T. G. T. (2000) New and earlier records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) from GuineaBissau. Journal of Medical Entomology, 37, 973 - 976. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0022 - 2585 - 37.6.973" type="journal article" year="2000">
Terenius
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBE54882DB1D9FCF5" box="[1148,1207,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBF20882DB5BCFC91" author="Walker, J. B. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
Walker
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBF4A882DB0F3FCF5" box="[1378,1437,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBAF58871B40DFC91" author="Morel, P. C." box="[221,355,835,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBB468871B7F2FC91" author="Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y. &amp; Carr-Saunders, C. &amp; Matthews, B. E. &amp; Preston, P. M. &amp; Walker, A. R." box="[366,668,835,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="245 - 260" refId="ref237264" refString="Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y., Carr-Saunders, C., Matthews, B. E., Preston, P. M. &amp; Walker, A. R. (2004) An updated list of the ticks of Ghana and an assessment of the distribution of the ticks of Ghanaian wild mammals in different vegetation zones. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94, 245 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / BER 2004302" type="journal article" year="2004">
Ntiamoa-Baidu
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FB80A8871B734FC91" box="[546,602,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB88F8871B62AFC91" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[679,836,835,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FB9678871B133FC91" author="ElGhali, A. &amp; Hassan, S. M." box="[847,1117,835,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref191264" refString="ElGhali, A. &amp; Hassan, S. M. (2012) Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 79 i 1.431" type="journal article" year="2012">ElGhali &amp; Hassan 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBE408871B036FC91" author="Uilenberg, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Thal, J." box="[1128,1368,835,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Uilenberg
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBEF68871B078FC91" box="[1246,1302,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBF4B8871B47CFC4D" author="Sylla, M. &amp; Souris, M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. P." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="61 - 69" refId="ref256380" refString="Sylla, M., Souris, M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. P. (2021) Ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 in Senegal: review host associations, chorology, and associated human and animal pathogens. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 74, 61 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.19182 / remvt. 36318" type="journal article" year="2021">
Sylla
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FBABF8855B5A1FC4D" box="[151,207,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F1FC71FBAEF88B9B06BFC05" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F1FC71FBAEF88B9B06BFC05" blockId="116.[151,1437,690,969]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBAEF88B9B439FC69" author="Stella, E." box="[199,343,907,933]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref255463" refString="Stella, E. (1940) Nuovi dati sugli ixodidi dell' Africa Orientale Italiana. Rivista di Biologia Coloniale, 3, 43, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1940">Stella (1940)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F1FC71FB84688B9B6E2FC69" box="[622,908,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F1FC71FB84688B9B6E2FC69" box="[622,908,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Rhipicephalus cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB98588B9B161FC69" box="[941,1039,907,933]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F1FC71FBE6A88B9B074FC69" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[1090,1306,906,933]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
treated that authors diagnosis as questionable, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F1FC71FB87C889DB7DDFC05" box="[596,691,943,969]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
is provisionally excluded from the range of this tick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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