treatments-xml/data/6C/45/86/6C4586BDC8AB725D09D9D5C39157F1DA.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.33955" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a3eeb6b-1c3a-4c1a-beee-2cc7db85d59f" ID-PMC="PMC6646300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-864-1" ID-PubMed="31346307" ID-ZBK="49229E2C863048A681F76318511EFE31" ModsDocID="1313-2970-864-1" checkinTime="1563287723556" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oya, Yuki, Kimura, Taeko &amp; Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2019" docId="6C4586BDC8AB725D09D9D5C39157F1DA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 864: 1-13" docOrigin="ZooKeys 864" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.33955" docTitle="Paraplehnia seisuiae Oya, Kimura &amp; Kajihara, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="565559B6-CFC2-4CF6-A4F7-BFAFCCF4EEDA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4D522D02FF9EFF94FFFD786EFF964973" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Paraplehnia (Polycladida, Stylochoidea) from Japan, with inference on the phylogenetic position of Plehniidae" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668167572418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of a new species of Paraplehnia (Polycladida, Stylochoidea) from Japan, with inference on the phylogenetic position of Plehniidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oya, Yuki</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kimura, Taeko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>864</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>13</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.33955</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.33955</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-864-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">49229E2C863048A681F76318511EFE31</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">49229E2C863048A681F76318511EFE31</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158696615" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:565559B6-CFC2-4CF6-A4F7-BFAFCCF4EEDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C4586BDC8AB725D09D9D5C39157F1DA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/565559B6-CFC2-4CF6-A4F7-BFAFCCF4EEDA" family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">Paraplehnia seisuiae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1, 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specific name is a noun in the genitive case and taken from the TRV 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seisui-maru</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
One specimen: holotype, ICHUM 5345, 44 slides (14 slides for the anterior part and 30 slides for the posterior part of the body), dredged from 298-310 m depths, the Sea of Kumano, between 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="08.0" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="34.133335">34°08.0'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="37.8" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="136.63">136°37.8'E</geoCoordinate>
to 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="07.8" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="34.13">34°07.8'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="37.9" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="136.63167">136°37.9'E</geoCoordinate>
, Japan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Live specimen 26 mm in length, 11 mm in width. Body thick, elongate, oval, narrow toward posterior end (Fig. 1A, B). Anterior and posterior ends pointed. Body ground color translucent to whitish opaque. General appearance of body light brown. Dorsal body without any pattern. Body margin translucent. Tentacles lacking. Pharynx, ruffled in shape, 7.4 mm in length, located at center of body. Mouth opening at center of pharyngeal cavity (Fig. 1B). Intestine highly branched and not anastomosing, spreading throughout body except margin. Pair of sperm ducts and oviducts whitish, visible through ventral surface. Male and female gonopores separate; male gonopore opening at 9 mm from posterior end; female gonopore situated 2.5 mm posterior to male gonopore.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Marginal and cerebral eyespots small and embedded in parenchyma (Fig. 1C, D). At least 47 and 28 eyespots arranged in anterior body margin and from just behind brain to anterior to brain, respectively, but detailed distribution of eyespots could not be observed.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., ICHUM 5345 (holotype), photographs taken in life and eyespots observed in sections. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
marginal eyespot (inset showing magnification of black box) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
cerebral eyespot (inset showing magnification of black box). Abbreviations: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">br</emphasis>
brain 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ce</emphasis>
cerebral eyespot 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fg</emphasis>
female gonopore 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">m</emphasis>
mouth 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">me</emphasis>
marginal eyespot 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mg</emphasis>
male gonopore 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ov</emphasis>
oviduct 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ph</emphasis>
pharynx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sd</emphasis>
sperm duct. Scale bar: 10 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 600 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
); 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(insets in 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
).,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Male copulatory apparatus located posteriorly to pharynx, consisting of pair of spermiducal bulbs, prostatic vesicle, and penis papilla (Fig. 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
). Distal end of each sperm duct forming oval spermiducal bulb, latter having thick muscular wall (Fig. 2A). Distal end of each spermiducal bulb slender and separately connecting to neck of prostatic vesicle (Fig. 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
). Prostatic vesicle pear-shaped, having strong muscular wall occupying its proximal one-third, distally coated with connective tissue and enclosed by muscular bulb (Fig. 2F). Canals of extra-vesicular gland penetrating prostatic-vesicle wall. Glandular epithelium with numerous teardrop-shaped cells folded in prostatic vesicle. Ejaculatory duct lacking; distal end of prostatic vesicle directly forming a part of penis papilla. Penis papilla large, conical, and projecting posteriorly into male atrium. Male atrium lined with thin, non-ciliated epithelium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Pair of oviducts forming common oviduct, which run postero-dorsally to enter vagina (Fig. 2E). From this point, elongated duct of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
vesicle, lined with ciliated epithelium, running posteriorly. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
vesicle sac-shaped, lined with squamous cells, positioned posterior to female gonopore. Vagina lined with smooth ciliated epithelium, running antero-dorsally, curving postero-ventrally as it becomes slenderer, turning postero-dorsally as it becomes wider, eventually leading ventrally to exit at female atrium (or vagina externa). Medial part of vagina surrounded by numerous cement glands (Fig. 2E). Female atrium large, folded, with thick basement membrane opening at female gonopore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genital pit with smooth epithelium and basement membrane similar to those in vagina (Fig. 2G), located between male and female gonopores (Fig. 2F, H).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., ICHUM 5345 (holotype), sagittal sections (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
) and schematic diagram (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Spermiducal bulb 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
connection between spermiducal bulb and prostatic vesicle 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
copulatory apparatus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
genital pit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
schematic diagram of copulatory complex. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cex</emphasis>
canal of extra-vesicular grand 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cg</emphasis>
cement glands 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cov</emphasis>
common oviduct 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dl</emphasis>
duct of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
vesicle 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dsb</emphasis>
duct of spermiducal bulb 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fa</emphasis>
female atrium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fg</emphasis>
female gonopore 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gp</emphasis>
genital pit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lv</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
vesicle 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ma</emphasis>
male atrium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mb</emphasis>
muscular bulb 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mg</emphasis>
male gonopore 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ph</emphasis>
pharynx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pp</emphasis>
penis papilla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pv</emphasis>
prostatic vesicle 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sb</emphasis>
spermiducal bulb 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">v</emphasis>
vagina. Scale bars: 600 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
); 300 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
). Staining: hematoxylin and eosin stain (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mallory’s">Mallory's</normalizedToken>
triple stain (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Judging from the nature of the dredged material, the sediment type of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
habitat is likely to be sandy mud.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular phylogeny">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular phylogeny.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The resulting BI and ML trees were almost identical to each other in topology. 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. was nested in a clade composed of stylochoids except 
<taxonomicName family="Callioplanidae" genus="Koinostylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Koinostylochus elongatus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koinostylochus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Pseudostylochidae" genus="Pseudostylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudostylochus obscurus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudostylochus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3); the latter two appeared to be more closely related to leptoplanoids than to stylochoids, as indicated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Tsunashima, T" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="159 - 167" title="A molecular framework for the taxonomy and systematics of Japanese marine turbellarian flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida)." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00682" volume="26" year="2017">Tsunashima et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
. The majority of stylochoids except 
<taxonomicName family="Callioplanidae" genus="Callioplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callioplana marginata" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Callioplana marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Callioplanidae" genus="Koinostylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Koinostylochus elongatus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koinostylochus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName family="Pseudostylochidae" genus="Pseudostylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudostylochus obscurus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudostylochus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed a clade which also included 
<taxonomicName family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylochus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stylochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. of 
<bibRefCitation author="Bahia, J" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="653 - 678" title="Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: integrating evidence from 28 S rDNA and morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0327-5" volume="17" year="2017">Bahia et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
and was supported by 0.99 BI posterior probability and 73% ML bootstrap (Fig. 3). Given 
<bibRefCitation author="Bahia, J" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="653 - 678" title="Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: integrating evidence from 28 S rDNA and morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0327-5" volume="17" year="2017">Bahia et al.'s (2017)</bibRefCitation>
generic identification of 
<taxonomicName family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylochus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stylochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., this clade can be regarded as representing the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“true”">&quot;true&quot;</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName lsidName="Stylochoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="superfamily" superfamily="Stylochoidea">Stylochoidea</taxonomicName>
, because 
<taxonomicName family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylochus" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stylochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the type genus for this family-group name. While 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. appeared as sister to 
<taxonomicName family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Hoploplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoploplana" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoploplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., its supporting values were low (0.64 BI posterior probability; 27% ML bootstrap). The inter-family relation of 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Plehniidae</taxonomicName>
among 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Stylochoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="superfamily" superfamily="Stylochoidea">Stylochoidea</taxonomicName>
was thus not fully resolved in the present study.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 28S rDNA sequences (603 bp in total). Numbers near nodes are posterior probability and bootstrap value, respectively.</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In this paper, we follow the classification system by 
<bibRefCitation author="Prudhoe, S" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" title="A Monograph on Polyclad Turbellaria." year="1985">Prudhoe (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, in which 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Plehniidae</taxonomicName>
consists of five genera (
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Discocelides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocelides" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discocelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Myoramyxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myoramyxa" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myoramyxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Palauidae" genus="Nephtheaplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephtheaplana" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nephtheaplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Trematoda" family="Plehniidae" genus="Plehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plehnia" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plehnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); for 
<bibRefCitation author="Faubel, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 121" title="The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea." volume="80" year="1983">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Faubel’s">Faubel's</normalizedToken>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
system, see Discussion below. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hyman, LH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="269 - 392" title="The polyclad flatworms of the Pacific coast of North America." volume="100" year="1953">Hyman (1953)</bibRefCitation>
characterized 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as possessing a prostatic vesicle that has i) a strong muscular wall in its proximal end and ii) a reduced glandular part. 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is characteristic of the genus by possessing these characteristics. By these characters, our new species cannot be placed in 
<taxonomicName class="Trematoda" family="Plehniidae" genus="Plehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plehnia" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plehnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Prudhoe, S" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" title="A Monograph on Polyclad Turbellaria." year="1985">Prudhoe (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, because the latter is diagnosed to have a prostatic vesicle whose proximal end is not particularly thick-walled. 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Discocelides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocelides" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discocelides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Myoramyxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myoramyxa" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myoramyxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it does not have a vaginal duct (ductus vaginalis) and from 
<taxonomicName family="Palauidae" genus="Nephtheaplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephtheaplana" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nephtheaplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that our specimen has a pair of spermiducal bulbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has contained two species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bock, 1923) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kato, 1939), and both were originally described from the sublittoral zone in Japan. 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from the two congeners by the thickness of the muscular wall of the prostatic vesicle (about one-third of the prostatic vesicle in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; about one-half in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the presence/absence of a common duct between spermiducal bulbs and prostatic vesicle (absent in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; present in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the presence/absence of a genital pit between the male and the female gonopores (present in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; absent in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Table 2). In addition, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
duct (elongated in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; short in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the range of developed connective tissues in the female copulatory apparatus (from the female atrium to around the female gonopore and the genital pit in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; only around the female atrium in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E70176086F2FE7C896A48B8B028A80BF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E70176086F2FE7C896A48B8B028A80BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Table 2. Comparison of characters between species of 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bock, 1923)
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kato, 1939)
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. seisuiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Type locality</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Kobe Bay, Japan</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Tako-shima, Onagawa, Japan</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sea of Kumano, Japan</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Depth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">12-15 m</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
28 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Kato, K" journalOrPublisher="Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Fourth Series, Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 79" title="Polyclads in Onagawa and vicinity." volume="14" year="1939">Kato 1939</bibRefCitation>
); 64, 78 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Hagiya, M" journalOrPublisher="Otsuchi Marine Research Center Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 51" title="Note on some polyclad turbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from Otsuchi Bay and its vicinity, Iwate Prefecture." volume="19" year="1993">Hagiya 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">298-310 m</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Muscular wall in posterior end of prostatic vesicle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">About 1/2 of the prostatic vesicle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">About 1/2 of the prostatic vesicle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">About 1/3 of the prostatic vesicle</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Common duct between spermiducal bulbs and prostatic vesicle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Genital pit</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Duct of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
vesicle
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Short</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Elongated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Developed connective tissues in the female copulatory apparatus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">?</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Only around the female atrium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">From the female atrium to the genital pit and the female gonopore</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Reference</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Bock, S" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 41" title="Two new acotylean polyclads from Japan." volume="15" year="1923">Bock 1923</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Kato, K" journalOrPublisher="Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Fourth Series, Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 79" title="Polyclads in Onagawa and vicinity." volume="14" year="1939">Kato 1939</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hagiya, M" journalOrPublisher="Otsuchi Marine Research Center Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 51" title="Note on some polyclad turbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from Otsuchi Bay and its vicinity, Iwate Prefecture." volume="19" year="1993">Hagiya 1993</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The eyespots were invisible in the living specimen (Fig. 1A), probably because of the thickness and opaqueness of the body, as well as the small size of each eyespot. We noticed the presence of eyespots only after sectioning (Fig. 1C, D). 
<bibRefCitation author="Bock, S" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 41" title="Two new acotylean polyclads from Japan." volume="15" year="1923">Bock (1923</bibRefCitation>
: 3) also remarked for 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia japonica" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that eyespots were undetectable in the living specimens and became apparent only after histological sectioning. Because we failed to observe the arrangement of eyespots from dorsal view in intact body, we had to categorize each eyespot into marginal ones or cerebral ones according to the relative position from the body margin and the brain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
It is for the first time that a genital pit (or genital sucker) was found in a species of plehniid. Among Acotylea, genital pits have been known in 
<taxonomicName family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Itannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Itannia ornata" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Itannia ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Marcus, 1947 (
<taxonomicName family="Hoploplanidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Hoploplanidae</taxonomicName>
Stummer-Traunfels, 1933), three species of 
<taxonomicName family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Leptoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoplana" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Leptoplanidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Leptoplanidae</taxonomicName>
Stimpson, 1857) (
<bibRefCitation author="Gammoudi, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="45 - 56" title="The genus Leptoplana (Leptoplanidae, Polycladida) in the Mediterranean basin. Redescription of the species Leptoplanamediterranea (Bock, 1913) comb. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3178.1.4" volume="3178" year="2012">Gammoudi et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName family="Notoplanidae" genus="Persica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Persica qeshmensis" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qeshmensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Persica qeshmensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maghsoudlou, Bulnes, &amp; Rahimian, 2015 (
<taxonomicName family="Pleioplanidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Pleioplanidae</taxonomicName>
Faubel, 1983). Genital pits in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ornata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are present in a pair, situated on both sides of the female gonopore (
<bibRefCitation author="Marcus, E" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 186" title="Turbellaria brasileiros (10)." url="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-4877.bsffclzoologia.1952.125189" volume="17" year="1952">Marcus 1952</bibRefCitation>
). On the other hand, a single genital pit is present between the male and female gonopores in three 
<taxonomicName family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Leptoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoplana" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and 
<taxonomicName family="Notoplanidae" genus="Persica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Persica qeshmensis" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qeshmensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Persica qeshmensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in 
<taxonomicName family="Plehniidae" genus="Paraplehnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraplehnia seisuiae" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="seisuiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraplehnia seisuiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Fig. 2H, I).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>