794 lines
120 KiB
XML
794 lines
120 KiB
XML
<document id="531F4D27D94CEFB035588E1DB89AF1CB" ID-CLB-Dataset="27966" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dad7d04-f7c6-4300-9240-8f2e44d0c257" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2609733" ID-ZooBank="B8EA1721-D5EF-4605-BA03-93E3CF255E3E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553623512997" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius & Solis, M. Alma" docDate="2018" docId="03C087FA104B60027E85D75B1761F9E3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) sapphirella Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="FFF9FF82105D60187E12D41F1504FF96" masterDocTitle="A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1698713697967" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="967AC32547DF2387AA4C9F5AE097FD63" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="8941BE463E25C8EF1B4E82370D70C0C0">A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2A4E35311907428038B7F2CD00F30CE8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CDB14FB323C939BA8BE86FB20E4C6554">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7763A4C4A7502709F3863D1E0BFB5FF2">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C92E232E2D82529940FBEA35AB11B61F">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B416B3A842C20C38D4FF6EA0F8C7B26">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2662A91ACD824B12C9B63CD55F4C2770">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="832E7878B01D21BFFB849D6595C3FD9E">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="26678A320B45C3DC5FE7492487371742">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F8A33333EDC0C383F9CA1384A16C7EA4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B900674A9C1168BEA944CE64D74DBE72">
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<mods:date id="1876285BBB9AEB94F36723FDF7116D17">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DB92AC513C51B579A04562E2626DDEB4">2018-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F0669A199448BFFECF05A8450005C7B5">4521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C087FA104B60027E85D75B1761F9E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951415" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087FA104B60027E85D75B1761F9E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087FA104B60027E85D75B1761F9E3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7E85D75B16FDFCC8" box="[151,1017,836,862]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7E85D75B16FDFCC8" blockId="22.[151,1017,836,895]" box="[151,1017,836,862]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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<heading id="D09E8180104B600E7E85D75B16FDFCC8" bold="true" box="[151,1017,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7E85D75B16FDFCC8" bold="true" box="[151,1017,836,862]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104B600E7E85D75B168BFCC8" authority="Remeikis & Stonis" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,911,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7E85D75B1440FCC8" bold="true" box="[151,324,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7F46D75B1703FCC8" bold="true" box="[340,519,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7C0BD75B17A4FCC8" bold="true" box="[537,672,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sapphirella</emphasis>
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||
Remeikis & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E5785104B600E7D8ED75B16FDFCC8" box="[924,1017,836,862]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7E85D779149AFCE9" box="[151,414,870,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7E85D779149AFCE9" blockId="22.[151,1017,836,895]" box="[151,414,870,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="13522A69104B600E7E8DD7791423FCE9" box="[159,295,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–74" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,198,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 65–74. Adults of new Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) species. 65, S. cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype; 66, same, other male paratype; 67, same, abdomen; 68, S. nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen; 69, same, male holotype; 70, S. kailai Stonis sp. nov, male holotype; 71–74, S. sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., female holotype (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609739/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs. 71–74</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104B600E7F20D7791492FCE9" box="[306,406,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 126–129" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[153,1433,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 126–129. Female genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide RA594 (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609765/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">126–129</figureCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7E85D7B114D1FC7D" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7E85D7B114D1FC7D" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7E85D7B11441FC51" bold="true" box="[151,325,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B013CB1104B600E7F5ED7B114D1FC7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028520933" collectingDate="1988-01-10" collectingDateMax="1988-01-12" collectingDateMin="1988-01-10" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="L. E. Pena" country="Chile" elevation="500" location="Cauquenes" municipality="Alto Tregualemu" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1095" specimenCount-female="595" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2884E104B600E7F5ED7B114BDFC51" box="[332,441,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD65104B600E7FD1D7B014DCFC50" box="[451,472,943,966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E767C104B600E7FF4D7B0173FFC51" box="[486,571,943,967]" name="Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">CHILE</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<location id="8EB66037104B600E7C54D7B017C0FC51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087FA104B60027E85D75B1761F9E3:8EB66037104B600E7C54D7B017C0FC51" box="[582,708,943,967]" country="Chile" municipality="Alto Tregualemu" name="Cauquenes" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Cauquenes</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB2AC96104B600E7CDDD7B11695FC51" box="[719,913,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Alto Tregualemu</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D6FFD65104B600E7D8ED7B116E8FC50" box="[924,1004,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="generic">
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<elevation id="0044D1DF104B600E7D8ED7B116ECFC50" box="[924,1000,942,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="500.0">
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<quantity id="4C919B09104B600E7D8ED7B116ECFC50" box="[924,1000,942,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF93E9C4104B600E7DEAD7B1118BFC51" box="[1016,1167,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" value="1988-01-10" valueMax="1988-01-12" valueMin="1988-01-10">
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<date id="FFD7102C104B600E7DEAD7B1118BFC51" box="[1016,1167,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" value="1988-01-10" valueMax="1988-01-12" valueMin="1988-01-10">10–12.i.1988</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269C533A104B600E7A88D7B0100AFC50" box="[1178,1294,943,966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">L. E. Peña</collectorName>
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||
G., genitalia slide no. RA
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD65104B600E7F3AD7CD1467FC7D" box="[296,355,978,1003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="female">594♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78AE29104B600E7F60D7CC14CDFC7D" box="[370,457,979,1003]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7ED5D7E914B4FBC1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D7E914B4FBC1" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D7E91445FB99" bold="true" box="[199,321,1014,1039]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
The combination of a fuscous brown forewing with strong blue iridescence and unique shape of distally broadened anterior apophysis in the female genitalia (see
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||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104B600E7D6FD00516D0FBA5" box="[893,980,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 126–129" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[153,1433,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 126–129. Female genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide RA594 (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609765/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Fig.129</figureCitation>
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||
) distinguishes the species from all other congeneric
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104B600E7F0BD02114A8FBC1" box="[281,428,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7ED5D07D1689F92D" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D07D1483FBED" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" box="[199,391,1122,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D07D140FFBED" bold="true" box="[199,267,1122,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Male.</emphasis>
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||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D099147EFA75" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D099141AFB09" bold="true" box="[199,286,1158,1183]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104B600E7F3ED09914B1FB09" box="[300,437,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–74" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,198,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 65–74. Adults of new Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) species. 65, S. cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype; 66, same, other male paratype; 67, same, abdomen; 68, S. nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen; 69, same, male holotype; 70, S. kailai Stonis sp. nov, male holotype; 71–74, S. sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., female holotype (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609739/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs. 71–74</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length about 2.9 mm; wingspan about 6.6 mm. Head: palpi brownish cream to cream; frontal tuft brownish orange; collar large, comprised of lamellar scales, grey cream, glossy, with some purplish iridescence; scape golden cream; antenna half the length of forewing; flagellum with 28 segments, fuscous brown on upper side (except for the basal third and the tip which remain cream brown or grey cream), pale greybrown on underside. Thorax, tegula and forewing fuscous brown with very strong blue and some purple iridescence, particularly strong on apical half; fringe dark brown, with some slender lamellar scales overlapping; underside of forewing dark brown, with strong purple iridescence, without spots. Hindwing dark grey-brown to blackish brown with little purple iridescence on upper side and underside; fringe dark grey-brown. Legs glossy, brownish cream with a few dark scales on upper side of forelegs. Abdomen fuscous grey on upper side, brownish cream on underside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D1F115FDF900" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D1F11489F991" bold="true" box="[199,397,1518,1543]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104B600E7F8FD1F11740F991" box="[413,580,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 126–129" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[153,1433,195,1749]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 126–129. Female genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide RA594 (ZMUC)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609765/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs. 126–129</figureCitation>
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). Total length about 1200 µm. Anterior apophyses very broad, rounded and broadned distally; posterior apophyses rod-like. Vestibulum slender, without sclerites. Corpus bursae small (reduced), without pectinations or signum, oval-shaped. Accessory sac absent; ductus spermathecae with about 4.5 convolutions, extended into a slender, 710 µm long utriculus; spines or pectinations absent. Abdominal tip broad, truncate.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D2BD1689F92D" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" box="[199,909,1698,1723]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D2BD144EF92D" bold="true" box="[199,330,1698,1723]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Bionomics.</emphasis>
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Adults fly January. Otherwise biology is unknown.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7ED5D2D9104BF948" box="[199,1359,1734,1759]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D2D9104BF948" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" box="[199,1359,1734,1759]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D2D9145DF949" bold="true" box="[199,345,1734,1759]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. This species occurs in the southern Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E767C104B600E7D5ED2D9168AF949" box="[844,910,1734,1759]" name="Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Cauquenes) at an altitude about
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD65104B600E7B13D2D9104BF948" box="[1281,1359,1734,1759]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B09104B600E7B13D2D9104FF948" box="[1281,1355,1734,1759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736567104B600E7ED5D2F51703F8B1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D2F51703F8B1" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D2F5144AF895" bold="true" box="[199,334,1770,1795]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is derived from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7D59D2F416B3F895" box="[843,951,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sapphires</emphasis>
|
||
(sapphire) in reference to the very distinct blue iridescence of the forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736567104B60027ED5D32D1761F9E3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104B600E7ED5D32D108EF804" blockId="22.[151,1437,942,1939]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7ED5D32D143FF8DD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1842,1867]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no wing venation slide available. However, in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2884E104B600E7DCCD32D1147F8DD" box="[990,1091,1842,1867]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, as far as is visible in the nondescaled specimen, the hindwing venation looks almost identical with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104B600E7DE7D3481163F8F8" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1013,1127,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nielseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7DE7D3481163F8F8" box="[1013,1127,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">S. nielseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, the forewing venation also possesses the incomplete loop of vein A; distally there is one vein less in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104B600E7B1DD3641087F805" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1295,1411,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nielseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104B600E7B1DD3641087F805" box="[1295,1411,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">S. nielseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166664104A600F7E85D2F414D0F8B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609765/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" startId="23.[151,264,1771,1793]" targetBox="[153,1433,195,1736]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104A600F7E85D2F414D0F8B6" blockId="23.[151,1436,1771,1824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104A600F7E85D2F4146BF897" bold="true" box="[151,367,1771,1793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">FIGURES 126–129.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104A600F7C5AD2F411D5F897" authority="Remeikis & Stonis" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[584,1233,1771,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104A600F7C5AD2F417D3F897" box="[584,727,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104A600F7CFBD2F4167BF897" box="[745,895,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104A600F7D82D2F41106F897" box="[912,1026,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">sapphirella</emphasis>
|
||
Remeikis & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E5785104A600F7ACCD2F31035F897" box="[1246,1329,1772,1793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, genitalia slide RA594 (ZMUC)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017E85D487141FFF24" blockId="25.[151,283,152,178]" box="[151,283,152,178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017E85D487141FFF24" bold="true" box="[151,283,152,178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017E85D4C11672FE58" blockId="25.[151,1437,222,1399]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017E85D4C11432FF60" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,310,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017E85D4C11432FF60" box="[151,310,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F54D4C014B3FF60" box="[326,439,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) is characterized by a unique character, the strong (or usually total) reduction of a set of two functionally connected, but morphologically separate, sclerites of the male genitalia which is unknown in all other nepticulids. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F6FD5391718FEA8" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[381,540,294,318]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F6FD5391718FEA8" box="[381,540,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C3ED53817BCFEA8" box="[556,696,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CE5D5391687FEA8" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[759,899,294,318]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CE5D5391687FEA8" box="[759,899,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the reduced gnathos is represented only by two remnants (rudiments), i.e. very small lateral sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017D31D55516AEFEF5" box="[803,938,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figs. 7, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A0DD55411C1FEF5" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1055,1221,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A0DD55411C1FEF5" box="[1055,1221,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a rudimentary transverse rod (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017F5DD57114A2FE11" box="[335,422,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), or fully absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017C96D57117D9FE11" box="[644,733,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The uncus appears totally reduced except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B0ED5701091FE10" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1308,1429,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nielseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B0ED5701091FE10" box="[1308,1429,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">S. nielseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104460017F18D58C149BFE3D" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[266,415,403,427]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that the lobe-like lateral corners of the tegumen, each bearing a small number of setae, may represent a reduced uncus, which could be the case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017ED5D5C41646FD31" blockId="25.[151,1437,222,1399]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
A scenario that the subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C04D5C4160EFE65" authority="Scoble" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[534,778,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C04D5C417B1FE65" box="[534,693,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Scoble
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017D06D5C416E8FE64" authority="Hoare" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[788,1004,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017D06D5C416A4FE65" box="[788,928,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
Hoare
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A32D5C411D7FE65" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis, 2018" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1056,1235,475,499]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Myrticnepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A32D5C411D7FE65" box="[1056,1235,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrticnepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E5785104460017AC8D5C51062FE64" box="[1242,1382,474,499]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may actually represent three different genera was also considered. However, their differentiation (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017B05D5E11097FD81" box="[1303,1427,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figs. 1–49</figureCitation>
|
||
) depends only on minimal differences in the genitalia structures and host plant preferences. Therefore we consider a subgeneric ranking to be more appropriate, and for clarity of characters in the diagnostics of global
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B14D659109CFDC9" box="[1286,1432,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we synonymize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F43D67414D9FD15" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[337,477,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F43D67414D9FD15" box="[337,477,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C33D67417C4FD15" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[545,704,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C33D67417C4FD15" box="[545,704,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017D24D67416D8FD15" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[822,988,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017D24D67416D8FD15" box="[822,988,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A24D67411D1FD15" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1078,1237,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A24D67411D1FD15" box="[1078,1237,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AF5D674105EFD15" box="[1255,1370,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
), and hypothesize a Gondwanan origin for this genus (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017CF1D6911632FD31" box="[739,822,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–64" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[178,1379,225,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[176,1384,221,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609737/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017ED5D6AD1134FBED" blockId="25.[151,1437,222,1399]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017FD3D6AC1764FD5D" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[449,608,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FD3D6AC1764FD5D" box="[449,608,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C8AD6AC1620FD5D" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[664,804,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C8AD6AC1620FD5D" box="[664,804,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be indistinguishable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017A9DD6AD1432FD79" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figs. 1–4, 7–10, 13–17, 20–23, 26–33</figureCitation>
|
||
). Monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017FE7D6C91785FD78" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[501,641,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FE7D6C91785FD78" box="[501,641,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally diagnosed with nine characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104460017AB3D6C8102FFD79" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[1185,1323,727,751]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but they are no longer valid with the current state of knowledge: 1) gnathos strongly reduced or lost (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017E85D7011432FCA0" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,310,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017E85D7011432FCA0" box="[151,310,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F6BD701171BFCA0" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[377,543,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F6BD701171BFCA0" box="[377,543,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 2) tegumen with appressed setose lobes (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017AD5D7011062FCA0" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1223,1382,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AD5D7011062FCA0" box="[1223,1382,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017E85D75C1439FCCD" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,317,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017E85D75C1439FCCD" box="[151,317,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 3) anterior extension of vinculum elongate (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A19D75C11AEFCCD" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1035,1194,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A19D75C11AEFCCD" box="[1035,1194,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017AFCD75C1090FCCD" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1262,1428,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AFCD75C1090FCCD" box="[1262,1428,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possibly even not an apomorphy); 4) phallus with one ventral and one dorsal process (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017AEFD7791098FCE8" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1277,1436,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AEFD7791098FCE8" box="[1277,1436,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F15D79414A9FC35" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[263,429,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F15D79414A9FC35" box="[263,429,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 5) transverse bar of transtilla broken in middle (represents an intermediate state between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017E85D7B11432FC50" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,310,942,966]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017E85D7B11432FC50" box="[151,310,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017FA0D7B1175CFC50" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[434,600,942,966]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FA0D7B1175CFC50" box="[434,600,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 6) pectinifer strongly reduced (it is possibly a misunderstood character, see below in the Discussion on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C13D7CC1789FC7D" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[513,653,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C13D7CC1789FC7D" box="[513,653,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 7) in the female genitalia, anterior apophyses with expanded bases (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F38D7E914D4FB98" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[298,464,1014,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F38D7E914D4FB98" box="[298,464,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 8) corpus bursae with diverticulum (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A1ED7E911B6FB98" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1036,1202,1014,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A1ED7E911B6FB98" box="[1036,1202,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 9) forewing with a silver streak from costa and apical suffusion of metallic scales (this is a variable character; in general, the forewing pattern often drastically varies from dull and unicolorous to metallic shiny with bright metallic markings even in very closely related species within the same species group, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104460017D49D07D1120FBED" author="Stonis, J. R. & Remeikis, A. & Diskus, A. & Solis, M. A." box="[859,1060,1122,1147]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="489 - 506" refId="ref10660" refString="Stonis, J. R., Remeikis, A., Diskus, A. & Solis, M. A. (2017) The American species of the genus Glaucolepis Braun, 1917 (Neotrifurcula van Nieukerken, syn. nov.) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae). Zootaxa, 4338 (3), 489 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4338.3.5" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017DBAD07C16E4FBED" box="[936,992,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017ED5D0981473FAE1" blockId="25.[151,1437,222,1399]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104460017ED5D0981459FB09" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[199,349,1159,1183]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emphasized the bluish to purplish iridescence of the forewing, combined with a triangular silver mark on the costa in the primary description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CA7D0B41646FB55" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[693,834,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CA7D0B41646FB55" box="[693,834,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which allowed the author to provide a nice name for the taxon. By using Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FAFD0D1171FFB70" box="[445,539,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">roscidus</emphasis>
|
||
(dewy) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CB8D0D017D8FB70" box="[682,732,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">toga</emphasis>
|
||
(a garment), he suggested the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A6ED0D1100CFB70" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[1148,1288,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A6ED0D1100CFB70" box="[1148,1288,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It should be noted that the predominantly Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C87D0EC16A7FA9C" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[661,931,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="promissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C87D0EC16A7FA9C" box="[661,931,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Simplimorpha promissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also looks “dewy” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104460017A9CD0ED101CFA9D" box="[1166,1304,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–64" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[178,1379,225,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[176,1384,221,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609737/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figs. 63, 64</figureCitation>
|
||
) and South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F1CD10914B0FAB8" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[270,436,1302,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F1CD10914B0FAB8" box="[270,436,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by a strong blue or purple iridescence. However, as it was mentioned above, the scaling color characters are not reliable, especially at the genus level, and the genitalia characters now appear to be shared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166664104460017E85D1D914D3F83E" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017E85D1D914D3F83E" blockId="25.[151,1436,1478,2022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017E85D1D91469FA4A" bold="true" box="[151,365,1478,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURES 130–159.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of genitalia morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CC7D1D916DAFA4A" authority="Scoble, 1983" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[725,990,1478,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CC7D1D91650FA4A" box="[725,852,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
Scoble, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017DFED1D71155FA4A" box="[1004,1105,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
). 130–134, gnathos:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B34D1D71098FA4B" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1318,1436,1480,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B34D1D71098FA4B" box="[1318,1436,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. commoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F6AD1F914A0FA6D" box="[376,420,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 131,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C38D1F917B6FA6D" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[554,690,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endocapna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C38D1F917B6FA6D" box="[554,690,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. endocapna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017D8BD1F916C1FA6D" box="[921,965,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 132,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A59D1F911BEFA6D" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[1099,1210,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A59D1F911BEFA6D" box="[1099,1210,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. scotodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 133,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017FC4D21A174DF98C" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[470,585,1540,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FC4D21A174DF98C" box="[470,585,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. funeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017D26D21A1666F98C" box="[820,866,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 134,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017DF9D21A1175F98C" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[1003,1137,1540,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017DF9D21A16FCF98C" box="[1003,1016,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A16D21B1175F98C" box="[1028,1137,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 135–139, tegumen and vinculum: 135,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CE1D23C166EF9AE" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[755,874,1571,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CE1D23C166EF9AE" box="[755,874,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. commoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A4BD23C1183F9AE" box="[1113,1159,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 136,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B01D23C1098F9AE" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1299,1436,1570,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endocapna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B01D23C1098F9AE" box="[1299,1436,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. endocapna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F9AD25D14BDF9C1" box="[392,441,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 138,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C5CD25D17C7F9C1" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[590,707,1601,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C5CD25D17C7F9C1" box="[590,707,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. scotodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 139,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B00D25D1098F9C1" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[1298,1436,1601,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B00D25D1098F9C1" box="[1298,1436,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 140–144, valva: 140,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017D70D27E16EEF9E0" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[866,1002,1632,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endocapna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017D70D27E16EEF9E0" box="[866,1002,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. endocapna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AC6D27E1005F9E0" box="[1236,1281,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 141,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B9BD27E15F0F903" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B9BD27E15F0F903" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. commoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FCFD29F170EF902" box="[477,522,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 142,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C80D29F1606F902" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[658,770,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C80D29F1606F902" box="[658,770,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. scotodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 143,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B3BD29F1098F902" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1321,1436,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B3BD29F1098F902" box="[1321,1436,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. funeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F6AD28114A0F925" box="[376,420,1693,1715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 144,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C38D28117ABF925" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[554,687,1693,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C38D28117ABF925" box="[554,687,1693,1715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 145–149, phallus: 145,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B9BD2811402F944" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endocapna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B9BD2811402F944" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. endocapna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FE3D2A2171AF944" box="[497,542,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 146,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CB5D2A21618F944" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[679,796,1725,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CB5D2A21618F944" box="[679,796,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. commoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A1AD2A21131F944" box="[1032,1077,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 147,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017AACD2A21035F944" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1214,1329,1724,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AACD2A21035F944" box="[1214,1329,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. funeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017F01D2C41445F966" box="[275,321,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 148,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017FDFD2C4173BF966" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[461,575,1754,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FDFD2C4173BF966" box="[461,575,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. scotodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 149,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A61D2C411FEF966" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[1139,1274,1754,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A61D2C411FEF966" box="[1139,1274,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 150–159, details of female genitalia: 150,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017DB1D2E51129F899" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[931,1069,1785,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endocapna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017DB1D2E51129F899" box="[931,1069,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. endocapna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B0FD2E51048F899" box="[1309,1356,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 151,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017ED9D3061445F8B8" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[203,321,1817,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017ED9D3061445F8B8" box="[203,321,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. commoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C3DD3061759F8B8" box="[559,605,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 152,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CFAD306165DF8B8" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[744,857,1816,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CFAD306165DF8B8" box="[744,857,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. scotodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 153,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B9BD30615E9F8DB" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anazona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B9BD30615E9F8DB" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. anazona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FFBD327171EF8DA" box="[489,538,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 154,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CBDD327163EF8DA" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[687,826,1846,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CBDD327163EF8DA" box="[687,826,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 155,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017B9BD3271402F8FD" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endocapna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017B9BD3271402F8FD" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. endocapna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017FE0D349171BF8FD" box="[498,543,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 156,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017CBAD349161BF8FD" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[680,799,1878,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017CBAD349161BF8FD" box="[680,799,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. commoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A18D3491133F8FD" box="[1034,1079,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 157,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017AD2D3491035F8FD" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[1216,1329,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017AD2D3491035F8FD" box="[1216,1329,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. scotodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 158,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017C4AD36A17C3F81C" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[600,711,1909,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anazona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017C4AD36A17C3F81C" box="[600,711,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. anazona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017DAAD36A16E2F81C" box="[952,998,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997); 159,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017A61D36A11FEF81C" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2013" box="[1139,1274,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104460017A61D36A11FEF81C" box="[1139,1274,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017E85D3AE163CF851" blockId="25.[151,1436,1478,2022]" box="[151,824,1969,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
* one species on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104460017F56D3AE163CF851" authority="(Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013)" authorityName="Hoare & van Nieukerken" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Hoare & van Nieukerken" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[324,824,1969,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Paracryphiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Paracryphiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Paracryphiaceae (Hoare & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104460017C93D3AE1635F851" author="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van" box="[641,817,1969,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref9751" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (2013) Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species. Zookeys, 278, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 278.4743" type="journal article" year="2013">Nieukerken 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104460017E85D3CE161FF870" blockId="25.[151,1436,1478,2022]" box="[151,795,2000,2022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Note: the morphological structures are drawn in different scales</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104760027ED5D4881798FED6" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
The host-plant families of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027FFDD487177FFF26" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[495,635,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FFDD487177FFF26" box="[495,635,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027C9AD488161CFF26" box="[648,792,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cunoniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(incl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D73D488110CFF26" box="[865,1032,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Eucryphiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eucryphiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027A57D48811F7FF26" authorityName="" authorityYear="1816" box="[1093,1267,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Elaeocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considered to have formed part of the ancient angiosperm flora that covered large areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E767C104760027A21D4A31199FF43" box="[1075,1181,188,213]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E767C104760027AB8D4A3101BFF43" box="[1194,1311,188,213]" name="Antarctica" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and South America in the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary when these continents were still joined as part of the supercontinent Gondwana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027FC6D51B1760FE8A" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[468,612,260,284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027C69D51A17F5FE8B" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[635,753,261,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also an old Gondwanan family, with a long history in southern continents (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F92D538178BFED6" author="Johnson, L. A. S. & Briggs, B. G." box="[384,655,295,320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="700 - 756" refId="ref9868" refString="Johnson, L. A. S. & Briggs, B. G. (1984) Myrtales and Myrtaceae - a phylogenetic analysis. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden, 71, 700 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2399159" type="journal article" year="1984">Johnson & Briggs 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104760027ED5D5521103FE3A" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Most of the taxonomic work on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027C79D55317FEFEF3" box="[619,762,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dealt adults but not the larval stages. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027B4AD55215E5FE1E" author="Hoare, R. J. B." pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027FFED56F177CFE1E" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[492,632,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FFED56F177CFE1E" box="[492,632,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is not possible to compare larval data because of the lack of larval studies of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2884E104760027F21D58A1467FE3B" box="[307,355,405,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027FF2D58B177BFE3A" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[480,639,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FF2D58B177BFE3A" box="[480,639,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Simplimorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and any species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D48D58B1104FE3A" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[858,1024,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Myrtinepticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027D48D58B1104FE3A" box="[858,1024,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Myrtinepticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104760027ED5D5A81694FD66" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027F59D5A714D3FE46" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[331,471,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027F59D5A714D3FE46" box="[331,471,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was believed to be a sister-group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D66D5A71157FE46" authority="Scoble" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[884,1107,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027D66D5A71104FE46" box="[884,1024,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
Scoble
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027A86D5A81093FE46" author="Nieukerken, E. J. van & Berg, C. van den & Hoare, R. J. B." box="[1172,1431,439,464]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref9983" refString="Nieukerken, E. J. van, Berg, C. van den & Hoare, R. J. B. (2011) A new species of the endemic Australian genus Roscidotoga Hoare from rainforests in southern Queensland (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 154, 193 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 004074912 X 13397496981508" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Nieukerken
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027B0FD5A61052FE46" box="[1309,1366,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hoare & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F28D5C31706FE62" author="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van" box="[314,514,476,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref9751" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (2013) Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species. Zookeys, 278, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 278.4743" type="journal article" year="2013">Nieukerken 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027C00D5C3163DFE63" author="Doorenweerd, C. & Nieukerken, E. J. van & Hoare, R. J. B." box="[530,825,476,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref9509" refString="Doorenweerd, C., Nieukerken, E. J. van & Hoare, R. J. B. (2016) Phylogeny, classification and divergence times of pygmy leafmining moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): the earliest lepidopteran radiation on Angiosperms? Systematic Entomology, 42 (1), 267 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12212" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Doorenweerd
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027CA7D5C217F5FE62" box="[693,753,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is obvious that the male and female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D61F1427FD8E" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,291,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D61F1427FD8E" box="[151,291,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104760027F21D5E0163EFD8E" box="[307,826,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1329,1351]" captionText="FIGURES 1–49. Details of genitalia morphology of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 1–6, tegumen: 1, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 2, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 3, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 4, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 5, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 6, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 7–12, tegumen and vinculum: 7, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 8, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 9, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 10, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 11, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 12, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 13–19, valva: 13, S. promissa (modified after van Nieukerken 1986); 14, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 15, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 16, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 17, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000: Fig. 19); 18, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 19, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 20–25, transtilla: 20, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 21, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 22, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 23, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 24, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 25, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 26–37, phallus and cathrema: 26, S. promissa, the Crimea, Europe, slide AD938; 27, 28, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 29, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 30, S. lamingtonia (modified after van Nieukerken et al. 2011); 31, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 32, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 33, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 34, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD707; 35, S. nielseni, Lago Lacar, Argentina, slide RA621; 36, 37, S. kailai, Satipo, Peru, slide AD935; 38–49, details of female genitalia: 38, 39, S. promissa (modified after Laštůvka & Laštůvka 1997); 40, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 41, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 42, S. sapphiripes (modified after Hoare 2000); 43, S. callicomae (modified after Hoare 2000); 44, S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 45, 46, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709; 47, S. sapphirella, Cauquenes, Chile, slide RA594; 48, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 49, S. cercaria, Osorno, Chile, slide AD709." pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Figs. 3, 4, 9, 10, 15–17, 22, 23, 29–33, 41–44</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D69D61F1103FD8E" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[891,1031,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027D69D61F1103FD8E" box="[891,1031,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104760027A05D5E011BFFD8E" box="[1047,1211,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 130–159" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1478,1500]" captionText="FIGURES 130–159. Details of genitalia morphology of Pectinivalva Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 130–134, gnathos: P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 131, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 132, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 133, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 134, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 135–139, tegumen and vinculum: 135, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 136, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 138, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 139, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 140–144, valva: 140, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 141, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 142, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 143, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 144, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 145–149, phallus: 145, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 146, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 147, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 148, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 149, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 150–159, details of female genitalia: 150, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 151, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 152, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 153, P. anazona (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 154, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 155, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 156, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 157, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 158, P. anazona (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 159, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013)" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Figs. 130–159</figureCitation>
|
||
) have no characters in common, except for the ground plan characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D0BD63B16A8FDAB" box="[793,940,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Seven synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027AE6D63B1084FDAA" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[1268,1408,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027AE6D63B1084FDAA" box="[1268,1408,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D6571427FDF6" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,291,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D6571427FDF6" box="[151,291,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F86D657172AFDF6" author="Hoare, R. J. B." box="[404,558,584,608]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="289 - 317" refId="ref9617" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. (2000) A new genus of primitive Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from eastern Australia, with a revised diagnosis of nepticulid subfamilies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128 (3), 289 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00165. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Hoare (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, mainly on interpretations of the wing venation and details of morphology of immature stages, are problematic. Therefore, we cannot adopt the sister-relationship concept or the hypothesized Pectivalvinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F55D69014E5FD3E" author="Scoble, M. J." box="[327,481,655,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refId="ref10305" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1983) A revised cladistic classification of the Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of new taxa mainly from South Africa. Transvaal Museum Monograph, 2, i-xi + 105 pp." type="book" year="1983">Scoble 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Hoare & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027CBDD6901684FD3E" author="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van" box="[687,896,655,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref9751" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (2013) Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species. Zookeys, 278, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 278.4743" type="journal article" year="2013">Nieukerken 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is no description of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D6AB1440FD5B" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,324,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pectinivalvinae">Pectinivalvinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with well-defined characters. The monophyly of the expanded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027A21D6AB11E4FD5B" authorityName="Scoble" authorityYear="1983" box="[1075,1248,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pectinivalvinae">Pectinivalvinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027AE6D6AB1084FD5A" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[1268,1408,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027AE6D6AB1084FD5A" box="[1268,1408,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D6C71427FD66" authorityName="Hoare" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,291,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Simplimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Roscidotoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D6C71427FD66" box="[151,291,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Roscidotoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was also questioned earlier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027C62D6C81680FD66" author="Puplesis, R. & Diskus, A." box="[624,900,727,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refId="ref10215" refString="Puplesis, R. & Diskus, A. (2003) The Nepticuloidea & Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) - a global review, with strategic regional revisions. Lutute Publishers, Kaunas, 512 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Puplesis &
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027CE1D6C81680FD66" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis, 2018" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2018" box="[755,900,727,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="180" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Diskus">Diškus 2003</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104760027ED5D6E31011FA56" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
These problematic issues regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027C4CD6E317EEFC82" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[606,746,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027C4CD6E317EEFC82" box="[606,746,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have broadly hindered the consistency of ranking within the general framework of the generic composition of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D1BD700169CFCAE" box="[777,920,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the need for easy differentiation and/or diagnostics of the global
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027FA1D75B1742FCCB" box="[435,582,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In 2013,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027CA7D75B1645FCCA" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[693,833,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027CA7D75B1645FCCA" box="[693,833,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was divided into three subgenera:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027AD9D75B1045FCCA" box="[1227,1345,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectivalva</emphasis>
|
||
Scoble,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D777146FFCE9" authority="Hoare" authorityName="Hoare" box="[151,363,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Casanovula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D7771419FC16" box="[151,285,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Casanovula</emphasis>
|
||
Hoare
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FB5D777171FFC16" box="[423,539,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Menurella</emphasis>
|
||
Hoare (Hoare & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027D03D77816D3FC16" author="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van" box="[785,983,871,896]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref9751" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (2013) Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species. Zookeys, 278, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 278.4743" type="journal article" year="2013">Nieukerken 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), each of which was elevated to a genus rank later (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F53D7931750FC33" author="Nieukerken, E. J. van & Doorenweerd, C. & Hoare, R. J. B. & Davis, D. R." box="[321,596,908,933]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="65 - 246" refId="ref10052" refString="Nieukerken, E. J. van, Doorenweerd, C., Hoare, R. J. B. & Davis, D. R. (2016 a) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys, 628, 65 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 628.9799" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Nieukerken
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FD9D7921707FC32" box="[459,515,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our work, taxa that share apomorphic characters, are regarded as being closely related. For practical reasons, genera should be well-distinguishable based on characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027B1BD7AF1091FC5E" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[1289,1429,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027B1BD7AF1091FC5E" box="[1289,1429,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D7CB1419FC7A" box="[151,285,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Casanovula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D7CB1419FC7A" box="[151,285,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Casanovula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027F4DD7CB14D7FC7A" box="[351,467,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Menurella</emphasis>
|
||
exhibit no substantial differences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104760027D68D7CB1121FC7B" box="[890,1061,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 130–159" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1478,1500]" captionText="FIGURES 130–159. Details of genitalia morphology of Pectinivalva Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 130–134, gnathos: P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 131, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 132, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 133, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 134, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 135–139, tegumen and vinculum: 135, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 136, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 138, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 139, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 140–144, valva: 140, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 141, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 142, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 143, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 144, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 145–149, phallus: 145, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 146, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 147, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 148, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 149, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 150–159, details of female genitalia: 150, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 151, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 152, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 153, P. anazona (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 154, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 155, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 156, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 157, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 158, P. anazona (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 159, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013)" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Figs. 130–159</figureCitation>
|
||
), include so-called intermediate species, and are distributed in generally the same region (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E767C104760027D21D7E81698FB86" box="[819,924,1015,1040]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent areas, including Borneo), with probably the same time of their origin (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027C8FD00316C1FBA3" author="Doorenweerd, C. & Nieukerken, E. J. van & Hoare, R. J. B." box="[669,965,1052,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref9509" refString="Doorenweerd, C., Nieukerken, E. J. van & Hoare, R. J. B. (2016) Phylogeny, classification and divergence times of pygmy leafmining moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): the earliest lepidopteran radiation on Angiosperms? Systematic Entomology, 42 (1), 267 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12212" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Doorenweerd
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027D52D0021678FBA2" box="[832,892,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The close relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027B1BD0031091FBA2" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[1289,1429,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027B1BD0031091FBA2" box="[1289,1429,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027E85D05F1419FBCE" box="[151,285,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Casanovula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D05F1419FBCE" box="[151,285,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Casanovula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027F40D05F14C2FBCE" box="[338,454,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Menurella</emphasis>
|
||
is further reinforced by the shared host-plant family (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027A0BD05F1192FBCE" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1049,1174,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027AB5D05F1075FBCE" authority="L'Her." authorityName="L'Her." box="[1191,1393,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027AB5D05F1027FBCE" box="[1191,1315,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
L'Hér.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a host-plant genus for at least some, if not all species, of these three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027D6AD07B1103FBEB" box="[888,1031,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa. With a few exceptions, related taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027EFDD098147AFB36" box="[239,382,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on host plants that are themselves related. We appreciate that this could make them at least subgenera, but it seems that the differences in external characters (like a forewing pattern) are not enough. Small differences in wing venation could be a result of independent reduction in these tiny moths (on the other hand, the venation characters are difficult to apply and/or use in every-day species diagnostic practice), and differences in the remaining morphology are so small for the taxa even to be called subgenera. It is interesting to note that in the molecular phylogenetic tree there is no obvious support for taxonomic status of these three genera, except as informal species groups as was admitted by Hoare & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027DB4D140117BFAEE" author="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van" box="[934,1151,1375,1400]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref9751" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (2013) Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species. Zookeys, 278, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 278.4743" type="journal article" year="2013">Nieukerken (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. An expanded molecular study would be particularly worthwhile. Therefore, because of the distinct similarity and difficulty to diagnose, all three previously erected genera now are merged into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027CF8D1B716CDFA56" authority="Scoble" authorityName="Scoble. We" authorityYear="1983" box="[746,969,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027CF8D1B71672FA56" box="[746,886,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Pectinivalva</emphasis>
|
||
Scoble
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027DCBD1B6114EFA56" box="[985,1098,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A69104760027A71D1B8100CFA56" box="[1123,1288,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 130–159" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1478,1500]" captionText="FIGURES 130–159. Details of genitalia morphology of Pectinivalva Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 130–134, gnathos: P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 131, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 132, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 133, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 134, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 135–139, tegumen and vinculum: 135, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 136, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 138, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 139, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 140–144, valva: 140, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 141, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 142, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 143, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 144, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 145–149, phallus: 145, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 146, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 147, P. funeralis (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 148, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 149, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 150–159, details of female genitalia: 150, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 151, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 152, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 153, P. anazona (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 154, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 155, P. endocapna (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 156, P. commoni (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 157, P. scotodes (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013); 158, P. anazona (modified after Hoare et al. 1997); 159, P. brevipalpa (modified after Hoare & van Nieukerken 2013)" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Figs. 130–159</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636EC104760027ED5D1D31761F9E3" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Subgenera allow us to convey more information about the characters and relationships of species within a genus. In van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F26D1F01752F99E" author="Nieukerken, E. J. van & Doorenweerd, C. & Hoare, R. J. B. & Davis, D. R." box="[308,598,1519,1544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="65 - 246" refId="ref10052" refString="Nieukerken, E. J. van, Doorenweerd, C., Hoare, R. J. B. & Davis, D. R. (2016 a) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys, 628, 65 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 628.9799" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Nieukerken
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FAFD1EE14F1F99E" box="[445,501,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, subgeneric ranks were abandoned and subgenera were elevated to genera, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027F0FD20B1700F9BB" authority="Beirne" authorityName="Beirne" authorityYear="1945" box="[285,516,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Levarchama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027F0FD20B14ACF9BA" box="[285,424,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Levarchama</emphasis>
|
||
Beirne
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the previous classification system (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027A4FD20B1023F9BB" author="Nieukerken, E. J. van" box="[1117,1319,1556,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref9948" refString="Nieukerken, E. J. van (1986) Systematics and phylogeny of Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera, Heteroneura: Monotrysia). Zoologische Uerhandelingen, 236, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1986">Nieukerken 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was not supported by molecular treatments, particularly in the case of artificial conglomerates such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D6F104760027AD1D227109CF9C6" authority="Busck" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="2018" box="[1219,1432,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027AD1D227104CF9C6" box="[1219,1352,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Ectoedemia</emphasis>
|
||
Busck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E5785104760027E85D242140CF9E2" box="[151,264,1628,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027E85D242140CF9E2" box="[151,264,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B1D104760027F55D243175EF9E3" author="Nieukerken, E. J. van & Doorenweerd, C. & Hoare, R. J. B. & Davis, D. R." box="[327,602,1628,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="65 - 246" refId="ref10052" refString="Nieukerken, E. J. van, Doorenweerd, C., Hoare, R. J. B. & Davis, D. R. (2016 a) Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea). ZooKeys, 628, 65 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 628.9799" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Nieukerken
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAFE104760027FC3D242170DF9E2" box="[465,521,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |