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<document id="DDF27E4333E388226562432F9C547CA4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187789" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6593e89a-9c63-4584-9a5f-f70993e32d31" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187789" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461074088346" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2009" docId="03C087B0AE65FFEDFF1FF9BBD91BFAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02107p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2107" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa Van, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFF9FFC8AE7DFFF7FF88FFB3D87CFF96" masterDocTitle="New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698585844262" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="FE859674AE2C80C531FC22526979AC48" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="31F4121166E958697D791CBE1FCFE4D6">
<mods:title id="0DC8D200B46B9FB13F5156B7C13B8EFD">New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6C10B811133B658399F75331522B17EF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5A3787A27D71BCFC940EE9B1E45394DB">
<mods:roleTerm id="42DA7A05F31DF5796ACD771A34E9225A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A4CE3E9C8AECC479885D5D772F3D4898">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="04B278BD4F9B2537F82DA4FA25C63558">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="49C32FCE83D57E42AA9FD6B8FD00ED14" type="host">
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<mods:title id="DBB5CDE39F2616FE9E1BE26BF57596AB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="220073FB595C0893D50C169EE99F6A86">
<mods:date id="24C8EE5B67A38DB04AE486B9B1DB7E4A">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8A35A53D6FEEEEA97265CCB8F71F5F24" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F2C2948245BC700C13F7B017F4C2874D">2107</mods:number>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="23B5DAF686838F6D456F9EB665B76D81">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5D03F63D996696F0015788AD0EABE843" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187789</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1E6337D6003E8F4FFC14AFFC715614EE" type="GBIF-Dataset">6593e89a-9c63-4584-9a5f-f70993e32d31</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="12B276A5487260E14946F35B8B326802" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C23626AF8BF62ED5D320CD7D85B9F146" type="Zenodo-Dep">187789</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087B0AE65FFEDFF1FF9BBD91BFAF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B0AE65FFEDFF1FF9BBD91BFAF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B0AE65FFEDFF1FF9BBD91BFAF6" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE65FFEFFF1FF9BBD946F9D2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE65FFEFFF1FF9BBDA3FF9B4" blockId="24.[151,579,1544,1604]" box="[151,579,1544,1570]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D09E81CAAE65FFEFFF1FF9BBDA3FF9B4" bold="true" box="[151,579,1544,1570]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE65FFEFFF1FF9BBDA3FF9B4" bold="true" box="[151,579,1544,1570]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE65FFEFFF1FF9BBD985F9B4" ID-CoL="6JDC8" box="[151,505,1544,1570]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE65FFEFFF1FF9BBD985F9B4" bold="true" box="[151,505,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE65FFEFFD89F9BBDA3FF9B4" box="[513,579,1544,1570]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE65FFEFFF1FF999D946F9D2" blockId="24.[151,579,1544,1604]" box="[151,314,1578,1604]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE65FFEFFF17F999D88AF9D2" box="[159,246,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,256,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A – B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 10</figureCitation>
A–G)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE65FFEFFF1FF9CBDB4AF8BA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE65FFEFFF1FF9CBD98AF92F" blockId="24.[151,1436,1656,1991]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE65FFEFFF1FF9CBD96CF904" bold="true" box="[151,272,1656,1682]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE65FFEFFF1FF9CBD977F904" box="[151,267,1656,1682]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE65FFEFFE9FF9CBD924F904" box="[279,344,1656,1682]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 21070,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE65FFEFFE63F9CBDA1EF904" box="[491,610,1656,1682]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Santa
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE65FFEFFD3DF9CBDA87F904" box="[693,763,1656,1682]" name="Malta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Marta</collectingCountry>
area, Punta Betín,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE65FFEFFC50F9CBDC45F904" box="[984,1081,1656,1682]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="555" value="11.25">11.25°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE65FFEFFBC0F9CBDCADF904" box="[1096,1233,1656,1682]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="-74.2167">74.2167°W</geoCoordinate>
, reef crevices,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE65FFEFFAF6F9CBD8CDF92F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE65FFEFFF34F92CD93BF92F" box="[188,327,1695,1721]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1991-02-18">18-02-1991</date>
, coll. L. Aerts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE65FFEFFF4DF976DB4AF8BA" blockId="24.[151,1436,1656,1991]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE65FFEFFF4DF976D93BF949" box="[197,327,1733,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE65FFEFFF4DF976D93BF949" bold="true" box="[197,327,1733,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE65FFEFFEDFF976D9E5F949" box="[343,409,1733,1759]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 21072,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE65FFEFFDB0F976DACFF949" box="[568,691,1733,1759]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Cartagena area, Islas del Rosario,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE65FFEFFBEDF976DCEDF949" box="[1125,1169,1733,1759]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Isla</collectingCountry>
Pavitos,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE65FFEFFA8CF976DDF6F949" box="[1284,1418,1733,1759]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="10.2333">10.2333°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE65FFEFFF1FF95FD97CF890" box="[151,256,1772,1798]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="555" value="-75.75">75.75°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE65FFEFFE84F95FD936F890" box="[268,330,1772,1798]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE65FFEFFEDDF95FD99DF890" box="[341,481,1772,1798]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1990-10-27">27-10-1990</date>
, coll. M. Kielman #S155;
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE65FFEFFC9EF95FDB2BF890" box="[790,855,1772,1798]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 21071, Santa
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE65FFEFFBBBF95FDC05F890" box="[1075,1145,1772,1798]" name="Malta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Marta</collectingCountry>
area, El Morro,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE65FFEFFAB2F95FDDE0F890" box="[1338,1436,1772,1798]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="555" value="11.25">11.25°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE65FFEFFF16F8A1D95BF8BA" box="[158,295,1810,1836]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5" value="-74.2167">74.2167°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE65FFEFFEBBF8A1D90EF8BA" box="[307,370,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE65FFEFFEF5F8A1DA74F8BA" box="[381,520,1810,1836]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1991-02-18">18-02-1991</date>
, coll. M. Kielman #S168.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE65FFEDFF4DF88ADDECFDCD" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE65FFEFFF4DF88ADA30F851" blockId="24.[151,1436,1656,1991]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE65FFEFFF4DF88AD92AF8C5" bold="true" box="[197,342,1849,1875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description</emphasis>
. Hollow fistules (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE65FFEFFDA0F88ADA00F8C5" box="[552,636,1849,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,256,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A – B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
G) rising up from a small, encrusting base; fistules single or divided in two or three.
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE65FFEFFEDDF8D3D9BEF8EC" box="[341,450,1888,1914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
now broken into three fragments. Length of longest single fistule
<quantity id="4C919B43AE65FFEFFB5CF8D3DD55F8EC" box="[1236,1321,1888,1914]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="4C919B43AE65FFEFFF1FF834D895F837" box="[151,233,1927,1953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="0.4">0.4 cm</quantity>
, complex fistules up to
<quantity id="4C919B43AE65FFEFFE74F834DA37F837" box="[508,587,1927,1953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
wide. Surface smooth, glistening. Consistency stiff. Color orange in life, pale brown or pale orange in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF16662EAE64FFEEFF1FF830D985F849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE64FFEEFF1FF830D985F849" blockId="25.[151,1436,1923,2015]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE64FFEEFF1FF830D95EF80D" bold="true" box="[151,290,1923,1947]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE64FFEEFEB8F830DA13F80C" box="[304,623,1923,1946]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE64FFEEFEB8F830DA13F80C" box="[304,623,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE64FFEEFDFFF830DAC9F80D" box="[631,693,1923,1947]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE64FFEEFDFFF830DAC9F80D" bold="true" box="[631,693,1923,1947]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A–B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFF24DB8CFF4E" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFF4DFF24D944FF27" bold="true" box="[197,312,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Skeleton</emphasis>
. In the outer wall lies a layer of intercrossing single megascleres, carried by occasional choanosomal spicule bundles fanning out beneath the surface membrane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFF56DAC2FF69" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" box="[197,702,229,255]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFF4DFF56D957FF69" bold="true" box="[197,299,229,255]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spicules</emphasis>
. Tylotes, chelae, forcipes, sigmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFEBFD96AFEDA" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Tylotes (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE67FFEDFEA4FEBFD9FAFEB0" box="[300,390,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,256,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A – B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 10</figureCitation>
A–B) with well-developed elongate tyles, robust, usually evenly curved, 294-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFAABFEBFDD1AFEB3" box="[1315,1382,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">391.8</emphasis>
-444 13–14 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFEEADD6EFE0C" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Arcuate chelae (Figs C–D) predominantly twisted, but including ‘normal’ ones (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE67FFEDFB05FEEADC98FEE5" box="[1165,1252,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,256,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A – B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C) occurring in different quantities in different specimens, 21-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFD3DFE33DA94FE0F" box="[693,744,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">24.6</emphasis>
-27 µm, normal chelae usually slightly smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFE15DB7AFE71" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Forcipes (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE67FFEDFECAFE15D9E0FE56" box="[322,412,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,256,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A – B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F) robust, all heavily spined, in a large size range but not clearly divisible in size categories (rare in
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFEF9FE7ED9AAFE71" box="[369,470,461,487]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
21071), 29-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFDEEFE7EDAE5FE70" box="[614,665,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">58.0</emphasis>
-102 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFE47DA3FFDA2" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
In the
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFE99FE47D90BFD98" box="[273,375,500,526]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and in
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFE58FE47DA49FD98" box="[464,565,500,526]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
21071, thin, strongly incurved sigmas (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE67FFEDFB81FE47DC22FD98" box="[1033,1118,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,256,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,205,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Forcepia (Forcepia) fistulosa n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 21070). A – B. Tylote and details of the apices; C. Normal-shaped arcuate isochelae; D. Various types of twisted chelae; E. Sigma; F. Forceps; G. photo of fragmented holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187799/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E) occur rarely, 39–42 µm. It is not certain that these are proper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFDF3DDECFDCD" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" box="[197,1424,576,603]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFF4DFDF3D95AFDCC" bold="true" box="[197,294,576,602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ecology</emphasis>
. In shaded parts of the deeper reef (
<quantity id="4C919B43AE67FFEDFD43FDF2DB77FDCD" box="[715,779,577,603]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
), in crevices, under overhangs and under larger rubble.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE67FFEDFF4DFDD4DB00FD14" box="[197,892,615,642]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFDD4DB00FD14" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" box="[197,892,615,642]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFF4DFDD4D936FD17" bold="true" box="[197,330,615,641]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name refers to the persistent fistular habit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE67FFEDFF4DFD3DD91BFAF6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4DFD3DDD78FC48" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFF4DFD3DD947FD3E" bold="true" box="[197,315,654,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
. The specimens were compared with the
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFCB5FD3DDBE2FD3E" box="[829,926,654,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFC40FD3CDD64FD3E" authority="Carter (1874)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1874" box="[968,1304,654,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFC40FD3CDC14FD3E" box="[968,1128,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. colonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE67FFEDFBF9FD3DDD64FD3E" author="Carter" box="[1137,1304,654,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Carter, H. J. (1874) Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869; with figures and descriptions of some remarkable spicules from the Agulhas Shoal and Colon, Panama. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 14, 207 - 221." type="journal article" year="1874">Carter (1874)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
ZMA Por. 0 4564, which on paper would seem very close. The chelae of this species are definitely in two size categories and the larger has the teeth always severely reduced, resembling sigmas at first glance. An unregistered specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE67FFEDFEC5FCB1D9BDFC8A" box="[333,449,770,796]" name="Colombia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(El Morro,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE67FFEDFDC5FCB1DAF7FC8A" box="[589,651,770,796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE67FFEDFD1FFCB1DB5EFC8A" box="[663,802,770,796]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1989-10-20">20-10-1989</date>
, coll. M. Kielman, color light orange, tylotes 450 µm, chelae 21–27, possibly in two categories, forcipes 102–236 µm) considered to belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFB24FC9AD96FFCFF" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis" subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFB24FC9AD96FFCFF" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Forcepia (Forcepia) colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has less pronounced reduced alae in the larger chelae, but other features appear similar. The habit of this specimen is also fistular, whereas the
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFD28FCC5DA81FC06" box="[672,765,886,912]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFCABFCC4DB90FC06" box="[803,1004,887,912]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis" subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFCABFCC4DB90FC06" box="[803,1004,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. (F.) colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a thin hollow crust. These varying characters are here interpreted as differences of maturity, but nevertheless, the new species approaches
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFADEFC2ED96FFC4B" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis" subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFADEFC2ED96FFC4B" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. (F.) colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely and the major difference rests in the presence of the peculiarly twisted chelae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE67FFEDFF4EFC59D91BFAF6" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The new species also is close to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFDCBFC59DAC4FB95" box="[579,696,1002,1027]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFDCBFC59DAC4FB95" box="[579,696,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE67FFEDFD37FC59DB7EFB92" box="[703,770,1002,1028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFD37FC59DB7EFB92" bold="true" box="[703,770,1002,1028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembling it in habit, but in the new species the fistules are much larger than in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFE26FBA2DA58FBBC" box="[430,548,1041,1066]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFE26FBA2DA58FBBC" box="[430,548,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE67FFEDFDA3FBA3DA12FBBC" box="[555,622,1040,1066]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFDA3FBA3DA12FBBC" bold="true" box="[555,622,1040,1066]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; tylotes are distinctly larger and thicker (no overlap) and the forcipes are of one
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFE9CFB8BD93AFBC4" box="[276,326,1080,1106]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
only, whereas those of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFDD4FB8BDAADFBC7" box="[604,721,1080,1105]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFDD4FB8BDAADFBC7" box="[604,721,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in two categories. Some specimens (
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFB27FB8BDD6BFBC4" box="[1199,1303,1080,1106]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and one of the
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE67FFEDFF4CFBEDD945FBEE" box="[196,313,1118,1144]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) bear sigmas, though rare, and these may be proper but vestigial. The chelae are in majority peculiarly twisted, resembling those of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFDEEFB36DB53FB08" box="[614,815,1157,1182]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandisigmata">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFDEEFB36DB53FB08" box="[614,815,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. grandisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely, and as in that species also occur in a normal form. Some specimens have only a low proportion of twisted chelae. Sizes of these chelae are slightly different between
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFEE6FB60D98CFB7A" box="[366,496,1235,1260]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFEE6FB60D98CFB7A" box="[366,496,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. fistulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE67FFEDFE71FB61DA40FB7A" box="[505,572,1234,1260]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFE71FB61DA40FB7A" bold="true" box="[505,572,1234,1260]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(on average smaller) and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFCFBFB60DC41FB7A" box="[883,1085,1235,1260]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandisigmata">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFCFBFB60DC41FB7A" box="[883,1085,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. grandisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(on average larger). Forcipes are similar in shape and ornamentation in the two, with those of
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFC0EFB4ADC7EFA84" box="[902,1026,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. f i s t u l o s a</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFB85FB4BDC33FA84" bold="true" box="[1037,1103,1272,1298]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">n. sp.</emphasis>
showing a larger size range. The major difference, however, are the sigmas, which reach very large size (up to 202) in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE67FFEDFB3CFA93DD00FAAF" box="[1204,1404,1312,1337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandisigmata">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE67FFEDFB3CFA93DD00FAAF" box="[1204,1404,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F. grandisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the name implies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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