220 lines
34 KiB
XML
220 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="EFCC8A203B4B7BF6149D3041BF2A177C" ID-CLB-Dataset="9199" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6592cf39-be44-44f4-842d-e0126d8640ad" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4387671" ID-ZooBank="0824AFA4-4E8B-419B-972C-0FA0A88538FF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608710081219" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D. & Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2020" docId="03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4896.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4896 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="514" masterDocId="FFF9FFF1C5324F6DFFF5D54C8D2CFFB4" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="512" updateTime="1698847914247" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D2D38B673824BD0ABF7F6B8793BF01C3">A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="825485E24AB1F5211FA5BB0260A41FC0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E5C289B9E7FF241FE9B079F92D48C804">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68CD4C39763C3CB117F5D690F01EE7DB">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9AA73C90CCBF7DB835285EF382EF0E7C">Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="69FEA58A36946B4F894DFCC018CA7AB2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9471-9467</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E878C8BB6284E75286E019797A2575D">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India caleb 87 woodgate @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9471 - 9467</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1929570CCD4219A996AF82AA78F6A465" type="email">caleb87woodgate@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="566CADD1FDD062B410B7BA14039A3E7D">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DDD4407EAC2C44AD9E8A61C0F7F3251E">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India & drpothalil @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4936 - 4310</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0F3547C3A38B6EA11714B24C490855B" type="email">drpothalil@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9E4D664DF4B14430789B1CDD8F899017">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E7613C4239014CA52A79EB728F91302">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A18C7159098755D1F4ABB3300369BCB3">2020-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C73536702F42CD20AF5C42571F578053">4896</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176240903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4387709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<subSubSection id="C3736514C5354F6AFF62D01B8F79FAC5" box="[151,597,1367,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF62D01B8F79FAC5" blockId="7.[151,597,1367,1429]" box="[151,597,1367,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<heading id="D09E81F3C5354F6AFF62D01B8F79FAC5" bold="true" box="[151,597,1367,1394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFF62D01B8F79FAC5" ID-CoL="4YZHV" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,597,1367,1394]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D01B8F79FAC5" bold="true" box="[151,597,1367,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D01B8C8CFAC6" bold="true" box="[151,416,1367,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Sphingius nilgiriensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFE52D01B8F79FAC5" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[423,597,1367,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref7267" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3736514C5354F6AFF62D0378DF5FA21" box="[151,217,1403,1429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF62D0378DF5FA21" blockId="7.[151,597,1367,1429]" box="[151,217,1403,1429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<figureCitation id="13522A1AC5354F6AFF62D0378DF5FA21" box="[151,217,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736514C5354F6AFF62D08C89A7FA6C" box="[151,1163,1472,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF62D08C89A7FA6C" blockId="7.[151,1163,1472,1496]" box="[151,1163,1472,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8108EC5354F6AFF62D08C8F12FA6C" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[151,574,1472,1496]" page="271" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" year="1931">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFF62D08C8F12FA6C" ID-CoL="4YZHV" authority="Gravely, 1931: 271" authorityName="Gravely" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,574,1472,1496]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D08C8C5FFA6C" box="[151,371,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Sphingius nilgiriensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFE8FD08C8F12FA6C" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[378,574,1472,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref7267" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely, 1931: 271</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 19C;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC8108EC5354F6AFD5FD08C8ED9FA6C" author="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K." box="[682,1013,1472,1496]" page="155" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFD5FD08C8ED9FA6C" author="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K." box="[682,1013,1472,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref7343" refString="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K. (1991) Studies on some spiders of the family Clubionidae from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 102, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Majumder & Tikader, 1991: 155</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 330–333.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736514C5354F6AFF62D34A8CCBF9DD" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF62D34A8CCBF9DD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1542,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D34A8C62F994" bold="true" box="[151,334,1542,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B013CC2C5354F6AFEABD34A8CC8F9DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3004062310" collectingDate="1925-09-24" collectingDateMax="1925-10-03" collectingDateMin="1925-09-24" collectorName="Barnes" country="India" elevation="1856" latitude="11.262892" location="Kundah" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.63333" municipality="Nilgiris" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="syntype">
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<typeStatus id="54D2883DC5354F6AFEABD34A8C96F994" box="[350,442,1542,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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Ƌ from
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFDC0D34A8FBDF994" bold="true" box="[565,657,1542,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<collectingCountry id="F37E760FC5354F6AFDC0D34A8FA0F994" box="[565,652,1542,1568]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFD54D34A8E01F994" box="[673,813,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFD54D34A8E01F994" box="[673,813,1542,1568]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB2ACE5C5354F6AFCB0D34A8EB3F994" box="[837,927,1542,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Nilgiris</collectingMunicipality>
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:
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<location id="8EB66044C5354F6AFC47D34A8927F994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5:8EB66044C5354F6AFC47D34A8927F994" box="[946,1035,1542,1568]" country="India" latitude="11.262892" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.63333" municipality="Nilgiris" name="Kundah" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Kundah</location>
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(not Kundahs): (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5058C5354F6AFB10D34A88B4F995" box="[1253,1432,1542,1569]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="46.41" value="11.262892">11°15’46.41’’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5058C5354F6AFF62D3668C6BF9F1" box="[151,327,1578,1605]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="59.98" value="76.63333">76°37’59.98’’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="0044D1ACC5354F6AFEAAD3668CDBF9F0" box="[351,503,1578,1605]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8559999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" unit="m" value="1856.0">
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<quantity id="4C919B7AC5354F6AFEAAD3668C94F9F1" box="[351,440,1578,1605]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8559999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" unit="m" value="1856.0">1856 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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||
</elevation>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="269C5349C5354F6AFDCED3678FA0F9F1" box="[571,652,1579,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Barnes</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFD7105FC5354F6AFD6FD3668ED2F9F1" box="[666,1022,1578,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" value="1925-09-24" valueMax="1925-10-03" valueMin="1925-09-24">
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<collectingDate id="EF93E9B7C5354F6AFD6FD3668ED2F9F1" box="[666,1022,1578,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" value="1925-09-24" valueMax="1925-10-03" valueMin="1925-09-24">24 September–3 October 1925</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
, deposited in NZC-ZSI (no register number), examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC5354F6AFE75D3028CF6F9DD" box="[384,474,1614,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736514C5354F64FF32D33E8DC6FF4D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF32D33E8FB1F94D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1542,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF32D33E8C6EF938" bold="true" box="[199,322,1650,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFE43D33F8F7DF938" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[438,593,1650,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFE43D33F8F7DF938" box="[438,593,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. nilgiriensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seem closely related to the males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFC0CD33F8C7BF904" authority="Dankittipakul, Tavano & Singtripop, 2011" authorityName="Dankittipakul, Tavano & Singtripop" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFC0CD33F8957F938" box="[1017,1147,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. superbus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFB76D33E8C7BF904" author="Dankittipakul, P. & Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T." pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7146" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T. (2011) Neotype designation for Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, synonymies, new records and descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 3066 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3066.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Dankittipakul, Tavano & Singtripop, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can easily be separated from the latter by group of bristles located on the proximal part of ventral scutum which are restricted to the rear end of the posterior margin of ventral scutum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFB58D3F78800F960" authorityName="Dankittipakul, Tavano & Singtripop" authorityYear="2011" box="[1197,1324,1722,1749]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFB58D3F78800F960" box="[1197,1324,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. superbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC5354F6AFF62D3928DC1F94C" box="[151,237,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFED8D3928F6BF94C" author="Dankittipakul, P. & Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T." box="[301,583,1758,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7146" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T. (2011) Neotype designation for Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, synonymies, new records and descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 3066 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3066.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Dankittipakul
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFE3BD3938F2AF94C" box="[462,518,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F65FF32D24E892CFEA9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1542,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF32D24E8F3FF8A8" bold="true" box="[199,531,1794,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Supplementary description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFDECD24E8F7FF8A8" box="[537,595,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC5354F6AFD97D24E8F88F8A9" box="[610,676,1794,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). Dorsal scutum covering almost entire length of opisthosoma; ventral scutum smaller than dorsal scutum, less sclerotized; posterior half of venter medially bears group of bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC5354F6AFF55D2068DD4F8D1" box="[160,248,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length 5.26. Carapace length 2.33, width 1.85. Opisthosoma length 2.93, width 1.34. Eye diameters: ALE 0.11, AME 0.06, PLE 0.09, PME 0.08. Eye interdistances: ALE–PLE 0.09, AME–ALE 0.03, AME–AME 0.05, AME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.08, PME–PME 0.05. Chelicerae length 0.79. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.07, at AMEs 0.08. Measurements of pedipalp and legs. Pedipalp 1.88 [0.73, 0.32, 0.29, 0.54], I 5.74 [1.59, 0.85, 1.30, 1.10, 0.90], II 4.88 [1.50, 0.78, 1.07, 0.97, 0.56], III 4.56 [1.23, 0.69, 0.84, 1.06, 0.74], IV 7.32 [2.03, 0.96, 1.58, 1.83, 0.92]. Leg formula: 4123.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53A4F65FE0ED5DB8F4CFF05" box="[507,608,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Pedipalp</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC53A4F65FD9AD5DB8F9CFF05" box="[623,688,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F, H): retrolateral tibial apophysis short, broad at base, gradually narrowing towards apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC53A4F65FE4DD5F78F23FF61" box="[440,527,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
: RTA). Accessory tegular apophysis short, flat, angular in retrolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC53A4F65FA9AD5F78D96FF4D" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
: TA). Embolus moderately long, thin, with blunt tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC53A4F65FCE5D5938E4BFF4D" box="[784,871,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
: E). Median tegular apophysis large, with retrolateral process with truncated apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC53A4F65FDFAD44F8F4BFEA9" box="[527,615,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
: MA). Conductor apparently absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC53A4F65FF32D46B8CB3FEF5" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,321]" box="[199,415,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53A4F65FF32D46B8C37FEF5" box="[199,283,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF166617C53A4F65FF62D27D8F31F86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="513" startId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" targetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC53A4F65FF62D27D8F31F86D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1841,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53A4F65FF62D27D8C3FF8FD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC53A4F65FEEED27D8FBDF8FD" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[283,657,1841,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53A4F65FEEED27D8CDBF8FD" box="[283,503,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="513">Sphingius nilgiriensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC53A4F65FE0BD27D8FBDF8FD" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[510,657,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="513" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref7267" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC53A4F65FC76D235890CF825" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[899,1056,1913,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="513" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref7267" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC53B4F64FF32D5DB8DC6FF4D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53B4F64FF32D5DB8C2AFF05" bold="true" box="[199,262,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
In his original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC53B4F64FDCFD5DB8FC9FF05" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[570,741,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="514" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref7267" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the most conspicuous feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC53B4F64FAF6D5DB88B0FF05" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[1283,1436,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53B4F64FAF6D5DB88B0FF05" box="[1283,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">S. nilgiriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a white membraneous structure in its pedipalp. It is, in fact, the haematodocha of the expanded pedipalp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522A1AC53B4F64FA9AD5F78D96FF4D" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,349,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-89@8.[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars:A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4387689/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
: H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3736514C53B4F64FF32D44F8913FEF5" pageId="9" pageNumber="514" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC53B4F64FF32D44F8913FEF5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC53B4F64FF32D44F8C17FEA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The ZSI collection has one glass bottle for this species labelled as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2883DC53B4F64FBB0D44F89AEFEA9" box="[1093,1154,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="514">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
” (1514/18), containing a male specimen in fairly good condition, with broken legs and with intact pedipalps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |