529 lines
52 KiB
XML
529 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788408" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66993826-063a-476f-a821-bfff44e916aa" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163748745" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788408" approvalRequired="14" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="14" checkinTime="1587963190535" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hazmi, Izfa Riza & Wagner, Tomas" docDate="2010" docId="DD50371D7972FFD4FF084D86DAD2D918" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2188.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 42 (42)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3555d804" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Arcastes Baly 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="21694F657970FFD3FF844F7BDB33DC0C" masterDocTitle="Revision of Arcastes Baly, 1865 from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="79" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1643559669787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Arcastes Baly, 1865 from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hazmi, Izfa Riza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>,, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Tomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Editor in Chief; Entomologische Zeitschrift, Universitaet Koblenz-Lindau, Koblenz, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-04-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.42.336</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">66993826-063a-476f-a821-bfff44e916aa</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576653</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163748745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD50371D7972FFD4FF084D86DAD2D918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD50371D7972FFD4FF084D86DAD2D918" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection box="[140,542,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,542,765,791]" box="[140,542,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<heading box="[140,542,765,791]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,542,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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Redescription
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<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[313,542,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[313,408,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Arcastes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[415,542,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,835,1214]" box="[140,903,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<heading box="[140,903,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,295,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis box="[140,198,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[140,198,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Type</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[302,630,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
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<emphasis box="[302,502,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[509,630,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,835,1214]" box="[185,669,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,337,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis box="[185,246,871,897]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Total</emphasis>
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length.
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</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[344,515,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="7.35" metricValueMin="4.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="7.35" valueMin="4.45">4.45–7.35 mm</quantity>
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(mean: 5.67)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,835,1214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,257,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis box="[185,252,906,932]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" reason="1">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Brownish-red to red. Very finely punctuated, with significant transverse impression between posterior third of eyes. Eyes large, strongly convex (Fig. 1). Labial palpi slender and maxillary palpi enlarged, occasionally dark brown to black (
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<figureCitation box="[1013,1094,976,1002]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[140,212,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[204,1028,198,717]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,639,173,643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. a Head b prothorax c meso- and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767570/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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). Labrum pale to dark brown and occasionally blackish in middle. Mandible pale yellow to dark brown and blackish towards apex. Antennae elongated, extended to apical third of elytra (Fig. 1); third to terminal antennomere densely covered by bristle-like setae. First to eighth or ninth antennomeres black, two to three terminal antennomeres contrasting pale yellow to yellowish-brown, only in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1929" box="[738,880,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
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<emphasis box="[738,880,1152,1179]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">A. dimidiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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two basal antennomeres also yellowish. First antennomere club-shaped, second shortest, third antenno-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,787,1253,1275]" box="[140,787,1253,1275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<tableNote box="[140,787,1253,1275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" targetBox="[147,1079,1301,1668]" targetPageId="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,227,1253,1275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Table |.</emphasis>
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Numbers of material examined and collections investigated.
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</tableNote>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<table box="[147,1079,1301,1668]" gridcols="4" gridrows="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<tr box="[147,1079,1301,1358]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<th box="[147,270,1301,1358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,270,1302,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Collections</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th box="[438,579,1301,1358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[438,579,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">A. biplagiata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[438,553,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th box="[664,803,1301,1358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jacoby, 1884" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suturalis">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[664,787,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">A. suturalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jacoby M" box="[664,803,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="201 - 230" refId="ref7623" refString="Jacoby M (1884) Description of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Dr. B. Hagen at Serdang (East Sumatra). Notes from the Leyden Museum 6: 201 - 230." type="journal article" year="1884">Jacoby, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th box="[889,1079,1301,1358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authority="Laboissiere, 1929" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[889,1028,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">A. dimidiata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Laboissiere V" box="[889,1079,1333,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref7662" refString="Laboissiere V (1929) Spolia Mentawiensia - Phytophaga - Galerucini nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 2: 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1929">Laboissière, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1369,1393]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<th box="[147,270,1369,1393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">BMNH</th>
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||
<td box="[438,579,1369,1393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">37</td>
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<td box="[664,803,1369,1393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">40</td>
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||
<td box="[889,1079,1369,1393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">5</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1403,1427]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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||
<th box="[147,270,1403,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">IRSN</th>
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||
<td box="[438,579,1403,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">3</td>
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||
<td box="[664,803,1403,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">3</td>
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||
<td box="[889,1079,1403,1427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1438,1462]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<th box="[147,270,1438,1462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">UKM</th>
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||
<td box="[438,579,1438,1462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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<td box="[664,803,1438,1462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">39</td>
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||
<td box="[889,1079,1438,1462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1472,1496]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<th box="[147,270,1472,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">NNML</th>
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||
<td box="[438,579,1472,1496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">24</td>
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||
<td box="[664,803,1472,1496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">27</td>
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||
<td box="[889,1079,1472,1496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1507,1531]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<th box="[147,270,1507,1531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">MCZH</th>
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||
<td box="[438,579,1507,1531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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||
<td box="[664,803,1507,1531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">1</td>
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||
<td box="[889,1079,1507,1531]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1541,1565]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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||
<th box="[147,270,1541,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">MNHU</th>
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<td box="[438,579,1541,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">3</td>
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<td box="[664,803,1541,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">3</td>
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||
<td box="[889,1079,1541,1565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1576,1600]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th box="[147,270,1576,1600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">NHRS</th>
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||
<td box="[438,579,1576,1600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">1</td>
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||
<td box="[664,803,1576,1600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
|
||
<td box="[889,1079,1576,1600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[147,1079,1610,1634]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th box="[147,270,1610,1634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">CJB</th>
|
||
<td box="[438,579,1610,1634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">12</td>
|
||
<td box="[664,803,1610,1634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">5</td>
|
||
<td box="[889,1079,1610,1634]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[147,1079,1644,1668]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th box="[147,270,1644,1668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Total</th>
|
||
<td box="[438,579,1644,1668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">80</td>
|
||
<td box="[664,803,1644,1668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">118</td>
|
||
<td box="[889,1079,1644,1668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1110,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,239,1110,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Figure |.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[245,519,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,410,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[417,519,1110,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsal colour pattern. scale bar:
|
||
<quantity box="[834,891,1110,1131]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
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(same for all following Figures)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
|
||
mere about two times longer than second; ratio length of second to third antennomere 0.50–0.57 (mean: 0.54); third to seventh antennomere broad, significantly enlarged, ratio length of third to fourth antennomeres 0.60–0.70 (mean: 0.65), eighth to eleventh antennomeres much slenderer (
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||
<figureCitation box="[552,622,1328,1354]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="8.[140,212,679,701]" captionText="Figure 8. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. Antennae: a male b female." pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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||
, 14, 20).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,278,1363,1389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,273,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" reason="1">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum transverse, very broad, broadest in middle, anterior angle significantly protruding, posterior angle slightly marked, pronotum with deeply impressed line along lateral margins (Fig. 1). Brownish-red to red as head, shiny, smooth, and finely punctuated, without transverse depression. Pronotal width
|
||
<quantity box="[936,1107,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.25" valueMin="1.55">1.55–2.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean: 1.90), ratio length to width 0.48–0.57 (mean: 0.53). Scutellum large, triangular, impunctate, brownish, red or black. Procoxal cavities partly open (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[932,1016,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[140,212,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[204,1028,198,717]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,639,173,643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. a Head b prothorax c meso- and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767570/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Meso- and metathorax reddish-brown to black. Metasternum broad (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[864,948,1575,1601]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[140,212,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[204,1028,198,717]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,639,173,643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. a Head b prothorax c meso- and metathorax, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767570/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra elongated, either black throughout, or black with longitudinal yellowish-red spot on disc of each elytron, or black with yellowish to reddish suture that in some species reaches
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[1039,1053,359,381]" box="[1039,1053,359,381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1039,1053,359,381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">b</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767570" box="[140,1069,772,794]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767570/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" startId="4.[140,212,772,794]" targetBox="[204,1028,198,717]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1069,772,794]" box="[140,1069,772,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,772,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,514,772,794]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,407,772,794]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[413,514,772,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,536,772,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">a</emphasis>
|
||
Head
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,612,772,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">b</emphasis>
|
||
prothorax
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[716,728,772,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">c</emphasis>
|
||
meso- and metathorax, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767572" box="[140,853,1362,1385]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767572/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" startId="4.[140,212,1362,1384]" targetBox="[192,1067,868,1304]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,853,1362,1385]" box="[140,853,1362,1385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,1362,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,514,1362,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,407,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[413,514,1362,1385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abdomen, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[696,709,1362,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">a</emphasis>
|
||
male
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[765,779,1362,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">b</emphasis>
|
||
female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,1434,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
up to one third of each elytron, or basal third completely red and apical two thirds black. Elytra shiny, punctation fine, irregular, slightly coarser and denser than that of pronotum. Elytral length
|
||
<quantity box="[427,597,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="3.8">3.80–5.90 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean: 4.73), maximum width of both elytra together 1.50–4.00 mm (mean: 2.79), ratio of maximum width of both elytra together to length of elytra 0.61–0.72 (mean: 0.66). Alae fully developed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[865,932,1575,1601]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[140,212,584,606]" captionTargetBox="[186,1077,174,542]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,165,564]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. Hindwing, right, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767574/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs long and slender, basi-metatarsus elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[535,602,1610,1637]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="5.[140,212,1313,1335]" captionTargetBox="[300,942,671,1261]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[278,969,651,1294]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 5. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. Legs: a prothoracic b mesothoracic c metathoracic." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767576/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), coxa and trochanter reddish like underside, femur, tibia and tarsus black throughout, tibia with dense and fine setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767574" box="[140,796,584,606]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" startId="5.[140,212,584,606]" targetBox="[186,1077,174,542]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,796,584,606]" box="[140,796,584,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,584,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,514,584,606]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,407,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[413,514,584,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hindwing, right, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[288,301,794,816]" box="[288,301,794,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[288,301,794,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">a</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[286,300,1011,1033]" box="[286,300,1011,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[286,300,1011,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">b</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[288,300,1181,1203]" box="[288,300,1181,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[288,300,1181,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">c</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767576" box="[140,1001,1313,1336]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767576/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" startId="5.[140,212,1313,1335]" targetBox="[300,942,671,1261]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1001,1313,1336]" box="[140,1001,1313,1336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,1313,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,514,1314,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,407,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[413,514,1314,1336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Legs:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[577,590,1313,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">a</emphasis>
|
||
prothoracic
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[707,721,1313,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">b</emphasis>
|
||
mesothoracic
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,868,1313,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">c</emphasis>
|
||
metathoracic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1398,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,310,1398,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,304,1398,1424]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" reason="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pale yellow to reddish-brown, occasionally darker in middle, and seventh sternite usually dark brown to black. Last visible sternite in females rounded at apex, and in males with two deep, parallel-sided incisions (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[802,870,1469,1495]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[140,212,1362,1384]" captionTargetBox="[192,1067,868,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[625,1072,860,1342]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. Abdomen, ventral a male b female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767572/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1398,1672]" lastBlockId="6.[140,1108,976,1672]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,365,1504,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,245,1504,1530]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" reason="1">Male</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The outer shape of median lobe is symmetrical, strongly sclerotized, apex tapered, slightly rounded and not incised. Orifice wide, more or less circular to slightly rectangular. Endophallic structures asymmetrically arranged, ventral spiculae hammer-like, median spiculae narrower, slender, lateral spiculae enlarged and slender, with claw-like small spine medially and tube-like, curved spines. Tectum not incised at apex, almost reaching apex of the median lobe, constricted at middle part and enlarged at base (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[383,454,1011,1038]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="8.[140,212,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[211,416,772,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,440,761,1492]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 9. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. Median lobe: a dorsal b lateral c ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767580/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
, 15, 21).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1929" box="[210,315,560,582]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[210,315,560,582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">A. dimidiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[166,313,622,646]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,313,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">A. biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
I 2–3 4–6 7–I3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[141,987,882,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[141,987,882,904]" box="[141,987,882,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,239,882,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[391,659,882,904]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[391,554,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[560,659,882,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Laboissiere, 1929" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1929" box="[705,987,882,904]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,819,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">A. dimidiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Laboissiere V" box="[826,987,882,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref7662" refString="Laboissiere V (1929) Spolia Mentawiensia - Phytophaga - Galerucini nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 2: 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1929">Laboissière, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,976,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,388,1046,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,269,1047,1073]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" reason="1">Female</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca with oval to slender and elongated nodulus. Middle part long and slightly curved, cornu long and curved (Figs 10, 16, 22). Without stronger sclerotized bursa sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,976,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,339,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species are restricted to South-East Asia and up to now only recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[317,432,1187,1213]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[449,548,1187,1213]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Peninsular) and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[763,873,1187,1213]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Borneo,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[997,1096,1188,1214]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
), southwards to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[306,351,1223,1249]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[366,437,1223,1249]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[141,213,882,904]" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865 and A. dimidiata Laboissière, 1929" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, 17).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,976,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,659,1179]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1257,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,307,1257,1283]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Beetles of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[536,620,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,620,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are medium sized Galerucinae with strongly elongated basi-metatarsus, without pronotal impressions, reddish head and pronotum and usually contrasting black antennae, legs and elytra, the latter often with yellowish to red spots, suture or base. The significantly enlarged third to eighth antennomeres are very characteristic.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[357,441,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[357,441,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jacoby, 1884" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[694,945,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[694,789,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Neolepta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jacoby M" box="[797,945,1399,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" pagination="201 - 230" refId="ref7623" refString="Jacoby M (1884) Description of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Dr. B. Hagen at Serdang (East Sumatra). Notes from the Leyden Museum 6: 201 - 230." type="journal article" year="1884">Jacoby, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1059,1107,1399,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jacoby, 1884" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[232,600,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[232,443,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Neolepta biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jacoby M" box="[451,600,1434,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" pagination="201 - 230" refId="ref7623" refString="Jacoby M (1884) Description of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Dr. B. Hagen at Serdang (East Sumatra). Notes from the Leyden Museum 6: 201 - 230." type="journal article" year="1884">Jacoby, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, looking very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[878,1079,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,1079,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the first glance. Antennae of these beetles are similar with slightly to strongly enlarged antennomeres in the middle, while terminal antennomeres in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[846,941,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,941,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Neolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also black, the basal two antennomeres are reddish, and much slenderer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[912,996,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[912,996,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsal coloration is also similar, but
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[514,660,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[514,660,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">N. biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
posses a pale yellowish transverse band or nearly circular spot in the middle of each elytron. The genitalic patterns of both sexes possess very strong differences. Asymmetric endophallic spiculae of certain shape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[147,217,659,686]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="8.[140,212,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[211,416,772,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,440,761,1492]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 9. Arcastes biplagiata Baly, 1865. Median lobe: a dorsal b lateral c ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767580/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
, 15, 21) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[371,455,660,686]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,455,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a unique pattern in oriental galerucines with elongated basi-metatarsus, while the median lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[619,714,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,714,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Neolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[789,904,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[789,904,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Monolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[969,1075,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Candezea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[969,1075,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Candezea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is narrower and has symmetrically arranged endophallic spiculae which are much smaller (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner Th" box="[182,337,765,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="49 - 65" refId="ref7755" refString="Wagner Th (2001) Revision of Afrotropical Monolepta Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Part II: Species with red elytra, pronotum and elytra, with descriptions of new species. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 50: 49 - 65." type="journal article" year="2001">Wagner 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner Th & Kurtscheid A" box="[348,682,765,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="2591 - 2641" refId="ref7802" refString="Wagner Th, Kurtscheid A (2005) Revision of Candezea Chapuis, 1879 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from continental Africa. Journal of Natural History 39: 2591 - 2641." type="journal article" year="2005">Wagner and Kurtscheid 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The shape of spermatheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[1024,1108,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1024,1108,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[346,461,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[346,461,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Monolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[560,644,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[560,644,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it lacks sclerotized bursa-sclerites, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[171,286,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,286,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Monolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are two distinct
|
||
<typeStatus box="[542,600,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of this structure. Also
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[859,954,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,954,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Neolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1012,1107,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Candeza</emphasis>
|
||
have strongly sclerotized bursa-sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767578/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" startId="7.[140,212,547,569]" targetBox="[140,1107,165,528]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,547,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,547,569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,515,547,570]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,407,548,569]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,407,548,569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[413,515,547,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photographs of the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1865 a" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[821,1060,547,570]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[821,1041,547,570]" genus="A." pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[821,936,548,569]" genus="A." pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[821,842,548,569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baly" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[847,936,548,569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="biplagiata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,936,548,569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">biplagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baly JS" box="[942,1041,547,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref7565" refString="Baly JS (1865) Description of new genera and species of Gallerucidae. The Entomologists Monthly Magazine 2: 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1865">Baly, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1047,1060,547,569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">a</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with labels
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,211,579,601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">b</emphasis>
|
||
detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,659,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
The pronotum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[389,471,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[389,471,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ratio length to width 0.48–0.57), is on average broader than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[229,342,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[229,342,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Monolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[400,493,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,493,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Neolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.52–0.65), and within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[921,1025,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Candezea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,1025,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Candezea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.42– 0.59). Procoxal cavities are similarly structured (partly open) in all these genera. The third antennomere of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[326,408,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[326,408,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is roughly twice as long as the second (ratio length of second to third antennomere: 0.50–0.57), which is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[742,846,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Candezea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[742,846,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Candezea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.49–0.63) but different from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[247,340,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,340,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Neolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[399,512,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[399,512,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Monolepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which both have the second and third antennomere of about equal length (0.82–1.10). While
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[628,732,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Candezea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[628,732,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Candezea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have strongly elongated, slender antennomeres,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" box="[309,391,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Arcastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,391,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Arcastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be clearly differentiated by the enlarged median ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,481,1273,1300]" box="[140,481,1273,1300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,481,1273,1300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Redescriptions of species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |