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<mods:title id="9E7DCCD8D8F61D09DB4B2309F7310733">The genus Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Brazil: morphological diagnoses, identification key, and geographical distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="52BB5BF1A76CE856B8CAF472F96B7A28">Brito, Samanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6256A504F786D26DED803AA116C834A5">Oliveira, Marcio L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06D6C64868D4D4AF8FED23D8304ACD81">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70BF8B8AF01B6A6AE89F3EC950D4E132">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFBEFFF2CCEEFB34499BFB56" ID-CoL="4KYHR" authority="Zikan, 1951" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,747,1224,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus" subGenus="Aphanilopterus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CCEEFB34499BFB56" bold="true" box="[151,747,1224,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CCEEFB344B84FB51" bold="true" box="[151,244,1225,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CD7CFB344AB0FB51" bold="true" box="[261,448,1225,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Aphanilopterus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CDABFB344920FB51" bold="true" box="[466,592,1225,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">simillimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFBEFFF2CE2EFB35499BFB56" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[599,747,1224,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="225 - 236" refId="ref28630" refString="Zikan, J. F. (1951) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arten der Gattung Polistes Latreille, 1802, nebst Beschreibung von 2 neuen Arten. Dusenia, 2, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1951">Zikán, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFBEFFF2CCEEFB104A57FAB2" blockId="11.[151,747,1224,1287]" box="[151,295,1261,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">(Figs 33, 34)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFBEFFF2CCEEFACF4920FAFC" blockId="11.[151,592,1330,1354]" box="[151,592,1330,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB051188FFBEFFF2CCEEFACF4920FAFC" box="[151,592,1330,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410B7FFBEFFF2CCEEFACF497CFAFF" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[151,524,1330,1354]" page="232" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFBEFFF2CCEEFACF497CFAFF" ID-CoL="4KYHR" authority="Zikan, 1951: 232" authorityName="Zikan" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,524,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CCEEFACF4A26FAFF" box="[151,342,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Polistes simillimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFBEFFF2CD25FACF497CFAFF" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[348,524,1330,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="225 - 236" refId="ref28630" refString="Zikan, J. F. (1951) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arten der Gattung Polistes Latreille, 1802, nebst Beschreibung von 2 neuen Arten. Dusenia, 2, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1951">Zikán, 1951: 232</bibRefCitation>
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,
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,
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.
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<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFBEFFF2CCEEFA854E46F962" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CCEEFA854A08FA27" bold="true" box="[151,376,1400,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Diagnosis. Female.</emphasis>
Body pigmentation reddish brown, with yellow spots on the body, two parallel stripes on the propodeal area and two parallel yellow dots on tergum I and II. Wings pigmentation hyaline and matte. Intermediate size, about
<quantity id="4CED9B43FFBEFFF2CD63FA3D4A1BFA6E" box="[282,363,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
in total length. Clypeus slightly wider than long or as long as wide, covered by short bristles at its base becoming long toward the apex, and medium-sized deep punctures present only in the apical region, apex rounded, clypeus-eye touching for an extent equal to or greater than width of antennal socket; gena width at midlength equal to or slightly wider than eye; occipital carina strong; humeri not projecting; mesepisternum with short bristles small and shallow punctation; propodeal concavity widely extended in the center, propodeal striae strong in the center and weak on the sides; tergum I longer than wide, with short and dense bristles and strong, medium sized, and deep punctures; tergum II wider or as wide as long; short bristles, strong punctures.
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2C920F9654EECF907" bold="true" box="[1369,1436,1688,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to the females, except gena less wide than the eyes, occipital carina extended through entire gena.
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<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2C8BAF8F94E79F8AB" box="[1219,1289,1796,1822]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">INPA</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2C962F8F94B92F8F7" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFBEFFF2CC97F8D54AF3F8F7" box="[238,387,1832,1858]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2CC97F8D54A60F8F7" box="[238,272,1832,1858]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2CD66F8D54A0AF8F7" box="[287,378,1832,1858]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFBEFFF2CDF7F8D5494FF8F7" box="[398,575,1832,1858]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2CDF7F8D54AC2F8F7" box="[398,434,1832,1858]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2CDC6F8D54A92F8F7" box="[447,482,1832,1858]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2CD88F8D54948F8F7" box="[497,568,1832,1858]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFBEFFF2CE32F8D548F1F8F7" box="[587,897,1832,1858]" collectionCode="CESC" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2CE32F8D5491FF8F7" box="[587,623,1832,1858]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2CE05F8D549EFF8F7" box="[636,671,1832,1858]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2CED7F8D5498AF8F7" box="[686,762,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">CESC</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CF74F8D548F1F8F7" box="[781,897,1832,1858]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFBEFFF2CFF5F8D54F51F8F7" box="[908,1057,1832,1858]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2CFF5F8D548DFF8F7" box="[908,943,1832,1858]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2CFC7F8D54F69F8F7" box="[958,1049,1832,1858]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFBEFFF2C855F8D54FC5F8F7" box="[1068,1205,1832,1858]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2C855F8D54F3FF8F7" box="[1068,1103,1832,1858]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2C827F8D54FDDF8F7" box="[1118,1197,1832,1858]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFBEFFF2C8B9F8D54E31F8F7" box="[1216,1345,1832,1858]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFBEFFF2C8B9F8D54F92F8F7" box="[1216,1250,1832,1858]" count="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFBEFFF2C88BF8D54E4AF8F7" box="[1266,1338,1832,1858]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFBEFFF5CCBEF8B14E4AF866" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFBEFFF2CCBEF8B14FE7F83F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1400,1931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFBEFFF2CCBEF8B14A11F8D3" bold="true" box="[199,353,1868,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFBEFFF2CD11F8B14AC1F8D3" box="[360,433,1868,1894]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CDC5F8B14970F8D3" box="[444,512,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CE75F8B14920F8D3" box="[524,592,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CE25F8B04981F8D3" box="[604,753,1868,1895]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CE84F8B04892F8D3" box="[765,994,1868,1895]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CF96F8B14FF8F8D3" box="[1007,1160,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2C8EDF8B14F9BF8D3" box="[1172,1259,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2C88EF8B14E36F8D3" box="[1271,1350,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2C92BF8B14B9BF83F" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CC8FF88D4ABAF83F" box="[246,458,1904,1930]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CDACF88D490CF83F" box="[469,636,1904,1930]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFBEFFF2CEFEF88D498BF83F" box="[647,763,1904,1930]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFBEFFF2CF7EF88C484EF83E" box="[775,830,1905,1931]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Peru</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFBEFFF2CF30F88D48EFF83F" box="[841,927,1904,1930]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFBEFFF2CFD3F88C4F66F83E" box="[938,1046,1905,1931]" name="Paraguay" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFBEFFF2C859F88D4FE3F83F" box="[1056,1171,1904,1930]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFB9FFF5CCE1F86A4E4AF866" blockId="12.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CCE1F86A4A22F81A" bold="true" box="[152,338,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">FIGURES 2936</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFB9FFF5CD24F86A4AACF81A" box="[349,476,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CD24F86A4ADDF81A" box="[349,429,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">Polistes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CD99F86A4954F81A" bold="true" box="[480,548,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">29, 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFB9FFF5CE51F8654809F81A" authority="Kirby." authorityName="Kirby." box="[552,889,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridleyi" subGenus="Aphanilopterus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CE51F865494CF81A" box="[552,572,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CE31F86A4994F81A" box="[584,740,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">Aphanilopterus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CE88F86A4843F81A" box="[753,819,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">ridleyi</emphasis>
Kirby.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CF05F86A48B0F81A" bold="true" box="[892,960,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">31, 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFB9FFF5CFBCF8654FD6F81A" authority="Bequaert." authorityName="Bequaert." box="[965,1190,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satan" subGenus="Aphanilopterus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CFBCF86548A8F81A" box="[965,984,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CF9DF865488BF81A" box="[996,1019,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5C87EF8654F4EF81A" box="[1031,1086,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">satan</emphasis>
Bequaert.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5C8D0F86A4F9DF81A" bold="true" box="[1193,1261,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">33, 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFB9FFF5C88BF8654BAAF866" authority="Zikan." authorityName="Zikan." class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus" subGenus="Aphanilopterus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5C88BF8654E75F81A" box="[1266,1285,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5C968F8654E58F81A" box="[1297,1320,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5C94DF86A4EECF81A" box="[1332,1436,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">simillimus</emphasis>
Zikán.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CCA6F8464A55F866" bold="true" box="[223,293,1979,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">35, 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFB9FFF5CD52F841494AF866" authority="(Olivier)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[299,570,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor" subGenus="Aphanilopterus">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CD52F8414A4FF866" box="[299,319,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CD35F8414A13F866" box="[332,355,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFB9FFF5CD08F8464AA8F866" box="[369,472,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">versicolor</emphasis>
(Olivier)
</taxonomicName>
. 29, 31, 33, 35. Dorsal view. 30, 32, 34, 36. Lateral view. Scale bars:
<quantity id="4CED9B43FFB9FFF5C881F8464E46F866" box="[1272,1334,1979,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>