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<document id="B4C68FB0D6E081E02EB5005A5DACD09A" ID-CLB-Dataset="50744" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172546" ID-GBIF-Dataset="037604fa-d26a-4a89-80a8-e1bc4ed20f34" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172546" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459758311556" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nel, André &amp; Waller, Alain" docDate="2006" docId="03A4BD77F42AA17FA56AFE9AFA9E8784" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01220p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lethocerus vetus Nel &amp; Waller, 2006, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FF9DC50FF42BA17AA462FF86FE038337" masterDocTitle="A giant water bug from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae: Lethocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698218757585" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="25F7066AE002C20DF61657BBB85A8247">A giant water bug from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae: Lethocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1837E0674077052B2FD532DC7CBACFA7">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="190A16BDA9FBED4255E72A3519C6AA44">Waller, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6AD05353BCB381528498DE96328C3BBC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8E9D591F897E86F734DE6813D28C3200">
<mods:date id="A49963148BB84C7B6268FF01E990543A">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5C59F92B796547784040C2766C184384" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4CC37A09BE30C46F41FAB3510151D280">1220</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CC8F434A9590CFA98F203FE2AC5A77D9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03A4BD77F42AA17FA56AFE9AFA9E8784" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6261815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119344215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6261815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4BD77F42AA17FA56AFE9AFA9E8784" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4BD77F42AA17FA56AFE9AFA9E8784" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="C3175FEAF42AA17BA56AFE9AFF78826E" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFE9AFC1D8202" blockId="1.[264,542,283,345]" box="[264,542,283,310]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D0FABB0DF42AA17BA56AFE9AFC1D8202" bold="true" box="[264,542,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA56AFE9AFC1D8202" bold="true" box="[264,542,283,310]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA56AFE9AFFD78201" box="[264,468,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA56AFE9AFFD78201" bold="true" box="[264,468,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Lethocerus vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F42AA17BA5BEFE9DFC1D8202" box="[476,542,283,309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFEB9FF78826E" blockId="1.[264,542,283,345]" box="[264,379,319,345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">(figs 14)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3175FEAF42AA17BA56AFE09FDBD82CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFE09FF68829E" blockId="1.[264,1324,399,505]" box="[264,363,399,425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Material</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFE31FDBD82CE" blockId="1.[264,1324,399,505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<typeStatus id="54B6B2C3F42AA17BA55AFE31FFA682E6" box="[312,421,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
i 9560, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano,
<collectingCountry id="F31A4CF1F42AA17BA075FE31FA4D82E6" box="[1047,1102,439,465]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<typeStatus id="54B6B2C3F42AA17BA039FE31FAC382E6" box="[1115,1216,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
MNHN­ LP­R 63882, Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3175FEAF42AA17BA56AFDA9FA868026" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFDA9FF86817F" blockId="1.[264,776,559,625]" box="[264,389,559,584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA56AFDA9FF86817F" box="[264,389,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFDD1FD0B8146" blockId="1.[264,776,559,625]" box="[312,776,599,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">After the great antiquity of this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFD21FFC981F7" blockId="1.[264,1325,679,785]" box="[264,458,679,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA56AFD21FFC981F7" box="[264,458,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA56AFD21FF3681F7" box="[264,309,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Age</taxonomicName>
and outcrop
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFD49FA868026" blockId="1.[264,1325,679,785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation, Late Aptian, Early Cretaceous, unspecified quarry between Nova Olinda and Santana do Cariri, Ceará, northeast
<collectingCountry id="F31A4CF1F42AA17BA054FD71FA818026" box="[1078,1154,759,785]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3175FEAF42AA17BA56AFCC1FD4C868E" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFCC1FF918057" blockId="1.[264,1326,839,1465]" box="[264,402,839,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA56AFCC1FF918057" box="[264,402,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFCE9FC0A80EE" blockId="1.[264,1326,839,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<typeStatus id="54B6B2C3F42AA17BA55AFCE9FFA980BE" box="[312,426,879,905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: body
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA599FCE9FC4C80BE" box="[507,591,879,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA6FFFCE9FCF180BE" box="[669,754,879,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
wide; head triangular,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA06AFCE9FA4D80BE" box="[1032,1102,879,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA0FFFCE9FAE080BE" box="[1181,1251,879,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
wide; mouthpart and antennae not visible, probably hidden under head, compound eyes
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA087FC11FB288086" box="[1253,1323,919,945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
apart,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA533FC39FF9780EE" box="[337,404,959,985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFC61FDA88736" blockId="1.[264,1326,839,1465]" box="[312,939,999,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
Thorax not clearly visible,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA616FC61FCC58736" box="[628,710,999,1025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA772FC61FD608736" box="[784,867,999,1025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFB89FC3887C6" blockId="1.[264,1326,839,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
Fore leg partly hidden under body, femur
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA74BFB89FD7F871E" box="[809,892,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA7A4FB89FA09871E" box="[966,1034,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, tibia curved, apex missing; mid leg nearly completely hidden under body; hind femur
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA05CFBB1FA978766" box="[1086,1172,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA081FBB1FB298766" box="[1251,1322,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, tibia laterally compressed,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA6FBFBD9FCED874E" box="[665,750,1119,1145]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA75DFBD9FD85874E" box="[831,902,1119,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, two tarsal segments visible, laterally compressed, basal tarsomere 2.5 mm long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA7E2FB01FDC48796" box="[896,967,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, distal tarsomere
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA086FB01FB288796" box="[1252,1323,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, 0.8 mm wide, apical claw
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA6C2FB29FCE987FE" box="[672,746,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long. Wings not visible, absent or, if present, probably hidden by body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFB79FFAB865E" blockId="1.[264,1326,839,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
Abdomen
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA5D4FB79FC08862E" box="[438,523,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA639FB79FCB2862E" box="[603,689,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
wide; siphon
<quantity id="4CF5A184F42AA17BA73DFB79FDA5862E" box="[863,934,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long; abdominal sternites VVI subdivided laterally by a suturelike fold; spiracle adjacent to mesal margins of ventral laterotergites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA55AFAF1FD4C868E" blockId="1.[264,1326,839,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<typeStatus id="54B6B2C3F42AA17BA55AFAF1FFA086A6" box="[312,419,1399,1425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: same dimensions and body structures as for the
<typeStatus id="54B6B2C3F42AA17BA783FAF1FA4886A6" box="[993,1099,1399,1425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; the fore wings are partly preserved (corium), covering the abdomen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3175FEAF42AA17FA56AFA69FA9E8784" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA17BA56AFA69FF8A853F" blockId="1.[264,1324,1519,1905]" box="[264,393,1519,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA56AFA69FF8A853F" box="[264,393,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42AA178A55AF991FAC482C9" blockId="1.[264,1324,1519,1905]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
This fossil is an adult or a last instar, because of its large size. Its short but distinct air strap and general appearance are closely similar to those of a modern
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA010F9B9FAF7856F" box="[1138,1268,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA010F9B9FAF7856F" box="[1138,1268,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Lethocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and support an attribution to the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA616F9E1FD2985B6" box="[628,810,1639,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belostomatidae</taxonomicName>
rather than to any other recent or fossil nepomorphan family (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F42AA17BA651F909FD07859E" author="Polhemus" box="[563,772,1679,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Polhemus, J. T. (2000) North American Mesozoic aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta, Naucoroidea, Nepoidea) from the Todilto Formation, New Mexico. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 16, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2000">Polhemus 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F42AA17BA748F909FA78859E" author="Lauck" box="[810,1147,1679,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Lauck, D. R. &amp; Menke, A. S. (1961) The higher classification of the Belostomatidae (Hemiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54, 644 - 657." type="journal article" year="1961">Lauck &amp; Menke (1961)</bibRefCitation>
divided the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA56AF931FFBD85E6" box="[264,446,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belostomatidae</taxonomicName>
into three subfamilies on the basis of the structure of the antennal segments and abdominal sternites and spiracles. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F42AA17BA7CCF959FA3785CE" author="Lee" box="[942,1076,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Lee, C. E. (1991) Morphological and phylogenetic studies on the true water bugs (Heteroptera). Nature and Life, (serial 35), 21 (2), 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1991">Lee (1991)</bibRefCitation>
also considered the male genitalia, not available in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA61AF881FD3E8417" box="[632,829,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42AA17BA61AF881FD3E8417" box="[632,829,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Lethocerus vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F42AA17BA727F881FD878416" box="[837,900,1799,1825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Nevertheless, our belostomatid bug can be attributed to the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA6FFF8A9FD35847E" box="[669,822,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lethocerinae">Lethocerinae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F42AA17BA75CF8A9FA4A847E" author="Lauck" box="[830,1097,1839,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Lauck, D. R. &amp; Menke, A. S. (1961) The higher classification of the Belostomatidae (Hemiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54, 644 - 657." type="journal article" year="1961">Lauck &amp; Menke, 1961</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42AA17BA03BF8A9FF478446" authority="Mayr, 1853" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lethocerus Mayr, 1853</taxonomicName>
) on the basis of its abdominal sternites VVI subdivided laterally by a suturelike fold and the spiracles adjacent to the mesal margins of the ventral laterotergites (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A0DFFE9AFFE18269" author="Lauck" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Lauck, D. R. &amp; Menke, A. S. (1961) The higher classification of the Belostomatidae (Hemiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54, 644 - 657." type="journal article" year="1961">Lauck &amp; Menke 1961: 646</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the placement of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A712FEC2FDCC826A" box="[880,975,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A712FEC2FD83826A" box="[880,896,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A7F0FEC2FDCC826A" box="[914,975,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A7BAFEC2FA198269" box="[984,1050,324,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A016FEC2FB0E8269" box="[1140,1293,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lethocerinae">Lethocerinae</taxonomicName>
is supported by one apomorphy Metatibien und — tarsen sehr stark abgeflacht und dadurch dünn erscheinend, i.e., the metatibia and tarsus are laterally compressed and flat and thus appear weak (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A5D3FE3AFC8482E1" author="Mahner" box="[433,647,444,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Mahner, M. (1993) Systema Cryptoceratorum phylogeneticum. Zoologica, 48, 1 - 302." type="journal article" year="1993">Mahner 1993: 63</bibRefCitation>
). Its attribution to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A789FE3AFA6E82E2" box="[1003,1133,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A789FE3AFA6E82E2" box="[1003,1133,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Lethocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A015FE3AFB0F82E1" box="[1143,1292,444,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only based on its general similarity with the modern representatives of this genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF725CE9F429A178A56AFAA6FFD5866D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172547/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[267,1319,569,1285]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F429A178A56AFAA6FFD5866D" blockId="2.[264,1323,1312,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A56AFAA6FF8D860F" bold="true" box="[264,398,1312,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A5FBFAA6FC528600" box="[409,593,1312,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A5FBFAA6FC528600" box="[409,593,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Lethocerus vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A63EFAA6FC998600" box="[604,666,1312,1335]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype i 9560, photograph of general habitus (scale bar represents 10 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F429A178A55AFA0BFD0D8438" blockId="2.[264,1324,1421,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
Among the fossil
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A674FA0BFCCF8690" box="[534,716,1421,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belostomatidae</taxonomicName>
that could be related to the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A050FA0BFACD8690" box="[1074,1230,1421,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lethocerinae">Lethocerinae</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A0BCFA0BFFD286F8" author="Nel" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Nel, A. &amp; Paicheler, J. - C. (1992 - 1993). Les Heteroptera aquatiques fossiles. Etat actuel des connaissances (Insecta Heteroptera). Entomologica Gallica, 3 (4), 159 - 182 (part. 1); 4 (1), 15 - 21 (part. 2); 4 (2 - 3), 79 - 89 (part. 3)." type="journal article" year="1992">Nel &amp; Paicheler (1992)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A60FFA30FD5386F8" box="[621,848,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Sinobelostoma liui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A73CFA33FA6786F8" author="Chou" box="[862,1124,1461,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Chou, I. &amp; Hong, Y. C. (1989) An Early Cretaceous new genus and species in Shaanganning basin (Insecta: Heteroptera). Entomotaxonomia, 9, 197 - 205." type="journal article" year="1989">Chou &amp; Hong, 1989</bibRefCitation>
from the Early Cretaceous of
<collectingCountry id="F31A4CF1F429A178A5DCFA5BFC0486C0" box="[446,519,1501,1527]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">China</collectingCountry>
, a belostomatid of uncertain subfamily that could belong to the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A56AF983FFA68528" box="[264,421,1541,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lethocerinae">Lethocerinae</taxonomicName>
. This taxon is poorly characterized, but it is smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A05DF980FA998528" box="[1087,1178,1541,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A05DF980FA4C8528" box="[1087,1103,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A03FF980FA998528" box="[1117,1178,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A0C3F983FADC8528" box="[1185,1247,1541,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(body
<quantity id="4CF5A184F429A178A56AF9ABFF588570" box="[264,347,1581,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long, instead of
<quantity id="4CF5A184F429A178A67DF9ABFC708570" box="[543,627,1581,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A6E9F9ABFD798570" author="Chou" box="[651,890,1581,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Chou, I. &amp; Hong, Y. C. (1989) An Early Cretaceous new genus and species in Shaanganning basin (Insecta: Heteroptera). Entomotaxonomia, 9, 197 - 205." type="journal article" year="1989">Chou &amp; Hong 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A7ECF9ABFA248570" author="Popov" box="[910,1063,1581,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Popov, Yu. A. (1971) Istoriceskoe razvitie polu _ estkokrylych infraotrjada Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) [Historical development of Hemiptera of the infraorder Nepomorpha (Heteroptera).] Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 129, 3 - 227." type="journal article" year="1971">Popov (1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A056F9ABFA738570" author="Popov" box="[1076,1136,1581,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Popov, Yu. A. (1992) Jurassic bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from the Museum of Natural History in Vienna. Annales Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (A), 94, 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
) considered the Late Jurassic
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A5C5F9D0FDB88558" authority="Germar, 1839" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1839" box="[423,955,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Mesobelostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deperditum">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A5C5F9D0FCFC8558" box="[423,767,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Mesobelostomum deperditum</emphasis>
(Germar, 1839)
</taxonomicName>
might be a lethocerine, but
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A163F9D3FFF785A0" author="Nel" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Nel, A. &amp; Paicheler, J. - C. (1992 - 1993). Les Heteroptera aquatiques fossiles. Etat actuel des connaissances (Insecta Heteroptera). Entomologica Gallica, 3 (4), 159 - 182 (part. 1); 4 (1), 15 - 21 (part. 2); 4 (2 - 3), 79 - 89 (part. 3)." type="journal article" year="1992">Nel &amp; Paicheler (1992)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that this taxon is rather poorly known and of uncertain subfamily. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A658F920FC968588" box="[570,661,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A658F920FC498588" box="[570,586,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A63BF920FC968588" box="[601,661,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A6FFF923FCDF8588" box="[669,732,1701,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in its longer body (
<quantity id="4CF5A184F429A178A7A7F923FA198588" box="[965,1050,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
long). The body of the Middle Jurassic
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A5B2F948FCA185D0" box="[464,674,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Aenictobelostoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A6CEF94BFD6E85D0" author="Polhemus" box="[684,877,1741,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Polhemus, J. T. (2000) North American Mesozoic aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta, Naucoroidea, Nepoidea) from the Todilto Formation, New Mexico. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 16, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2000">Polhemus, 2000</bibRefCitation>
is clearly more rounded and shorter than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A5F7F970FFF38438" box="[405,496,1782,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A5F7F970FFF38438" box="[405,496,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">L. vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A595F973FC358438" box="[503,566,1781,1807]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A627F973FD018438" author="Polhemus" box="[581,770,1781,1807]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Polhemus, J. T. (2000) North American Mesozoic aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta, Naucoroidea, Nepoidea) from the Todilto Formation, New Mexico. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 16, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2000">Polhemus 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F429A179A55AF89BFAA2826C" blockId="2.[264,1324,1421,1885]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1322,284,347]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
Among the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A5A0F89BFC7B8400" box="[450,632,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belostomatidae</taxonomicName>
from the Crato Formation,
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A7DEF898FAB18400" box="[956,1202,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Neponymphes godoii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F429A178A0DBF89BFF40846A" author="Zamboni" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Zamboni, J. C. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the aquatic paleoentomofauna from Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa. 1 Simposio Brasileiro de Paleoarthropodologia and 1 rst International Meeting on Paleoarthropodology, Universidade de Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, Estudos Tecnologicos, 24 (52 / 53), 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="2001">Zamboni, 2001</bibRefCitation>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F429A178A58EF8C5FC4F846B" box="[492,588,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A58EF8C5FFFF846B" box="[492,508,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979D073F429A178A66DF8C5FC4F846B" box="[527,588,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F429A178A635F8C5FC98846A" box="[599,667,1859,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in its more rounded body and distinctly smaller size (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F428A179A572FE9AFFC18201" author="Zamboni" box="[272,450,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Zamboni, J. C. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the aquatic paleoentomofauna from Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa. 1 Simposio Brasileiro de Paleoarthropodologia and 1 rst International Meeting on Paleoarthropodology, Universidade de Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, Estudos Tecnologicos, 24 (52 / 53), 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="2001">Zamboni 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A5B4FE9AFD598202" box="[470,858,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Araripebelostomum martinsnetoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F428A179A703FE9AFA668201" author="Nel" box="[865,1125,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Nel, A. &amp; Paicheler, J. - C. (1992 - 1993). Les Heteroptera aquatiques fossiles. Etat actuel des connaissances (Insecta Heteroptera). Entomologica Gallica, 3 (4), 159 - 182 (part. 1); 4 (1), 15 - 21 (part. 2); 4 (2 - 3), 79 - 89 (part. 3)." type="journal article" year="1992">Nel &amp; Paicheler, 1992</bibRefCitation>
is also distinctly shorter than
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F428A179A5F9FEC7FFF5826D" box="[411,502,321,347]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A5F9FEC7FFA8826D" box="[411,427,321,346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A5D8FEC7FFF5826D" box="[442,502,321,346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F428A179A59FFEC7FC3D826C" box="[509,574,321,347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with a more rounded body (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C7190F428A179A7EDFEC7FA97826C" author="Nel" box="[911,1172,321,347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Nel, A. &amp; Paicheler, J. - C. (1992 - 1993). Les Heteroptera aquatiques fossiles. Etat actuel des connaissances (Insecta Heteroptera). Entomologica Gallica, 3 (4), 159 - 182 (part. 1); 4 (1), 15 - 21 (part. 2); 4 (2 - 3), 79 - 89 (part. 3)." type="journal article" year="1992">Nel &amp; Paicheler 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF725CE9F428A179A56AFC3AFF6080C1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172548/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[485,1102,366,932]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F428A179A56AFC3AFF6080C1" blockId="3.[264,1322,956,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A56AFC3AFF8880E3" bold="true" box="[264,395,956,980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F428A179A5F1FC3AFC4A80E4" box="[403,585,956,979]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A5F1FC3AFC4A80E4" box="[403,585,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Lethocerus vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F428A179A632FC3AFC8880E4" box="[592,651,956,979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype i 9560, photograph of hind leg (scale bar represents 10 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF725CE9F428A179A56AF883FD978455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172549/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[265,1322,1068,1773]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F428A179A56AF883FD978455" blockId="3.[264,1323,1797,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A56AF883FF93842A" bold="true" box="[264,400,1797,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F428A179A5FCF880FC5B842A" box="[414,600,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F428A179A5FCF880FC5B842A" box="[414,600,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Lethocerus vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F428A179A607F883FCA5842B" box="[613,678,1797,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype i 9560, photograph of abdomen, white arrow, suturelike fold dividing abdominal sternites VVI; black arrow, spiracle; double black arrow, mesal margin of ventral laterostergite (scale bar represents 10 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF725CE9F42FA17EA56AFC12FF6080E4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172550/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[265,1322,326,892]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42FA17EA56AFC12FF6080E4" blockId="4.[264,1322,916,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42FA17EA56AFC12FF89809B" bold="true" box="[264,394,916,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42FA17EA5F0FC13FC45809B" box="[402,582,917,940]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42FA17EA5F0FC13FC45809B" box="[402,582,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Lethocerus vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F42FA17EA62FFC13FC84809B" box="[589,647,917,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype R 63882, photograph of habitus (scale bar represents 10 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB20C61F42FA17EA55AFB8CFB0C8743" blockId="4.[264,1323,1034,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
We attribute
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42FA17EA5BAFB8DFC3B8713" box="[472,568,1035,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42FA17EA5BAFB8DFC3B8713" box="[472,568,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">L. vetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A6D08F42FA17EA626FB8CFC8B8713" box="[580,648,1034,1060]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D77E2F42FA17EA75AFB8DFDB98713" box="[824,954,1035,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979D073F42FA17EA75AFB8DFDB98713" box="[824,954,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Lethocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it has no perceptible difference from the Recent representatives of this genus. Such morphological stability suggests that it had a similar way of life, as a predator on small fishes and invertebrates.
</paragraph>
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