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<mods:title id="5500D5EEBB11AAD76A1BE2F951DCDCE5">The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039EDF70FFAFA171FF66DF0F12BFF900" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6009103" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6009103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFAFA171FF66DF0F12BFF900" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EDF70FFAFA171FF66DF0F12BFF900" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFAFA171FF66DF0F10D7FBA7" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF66DF0F1224FB85" blockId="17.[151,539,1086,1146]" box="[151,539,1086,1112]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<heading id="D0C0D90AFFAFA171FF66DF0F1224FB85" bold="true" box="[151,539,1086,1112]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF66DF0F1224FB85" bold="true" box="[151,539,1086,1112]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FF66DF0F1102FB85" box="[151,317,1086,1112]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Neocomatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF66DF0F1102FB85" bold="true" box="[151,317,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Neocomatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FE86DF0F1224FB85" author="Clark" box="[375,539,1086,1112]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 d) New genera and higher groups of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 22, 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="d">Clark, 1909d</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF66DF5010D7FBA7" blockId="17.[151,539,1086,1146]" box="[151,232,1121,1146]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<tableCitation id="C6B55BDDFFAFA171FF66DF5010D7FBA7" box="[151,232,1121,1146]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,197,537,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of genera of Comatulidae." pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFAFA171FF66DF981556FB3B" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF66DF9812ACFB1F" blockId="17.[151,1436,1193,1758]" box="[151,659,1193,1218]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF66DF98110DFB1F" bold="true" box="[151,306,1193,1218]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Type species.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FEC9DF9811E8FB1C" box="[312,471,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FEC9DF9811AAFB1C" box="[312,405,1193,1217]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Antedon</taxonomicName>
alata
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FE2FDF9812B0FB1F" author="Pourtales" box="[478,655,1193,1218]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Pourtales, L. F. de (1878) Reports on the dredging operations of the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer &quot; Blake. &quot; Corals and crinoids. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5, 213 - 216." type="journal article" year="1878">Pourtalès, 1878</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF36DFFC1556FB3B" blockId="17.[151,1436,1193,1758]" box="[199,1385,1229,1254]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF36DFFC11DAFB3B" bold="true" box="[199,485,1229,1254]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Other included taxa (2).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FE1DDFFC13BCFB3B" authority="Pourtales, 1878" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1878" box="[492,899,1229,1254]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FE1DDFFC12F7FB38" box="[492,712,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Antedon pulchella (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FD38DFFC1344FB3B" author="Pourtales" box="[713,891,1229,1254]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Pourtales, L. F. de (1878) Reports on the dredging operations of the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer &quot; Blake. &quot; Corals and crinoids. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5, 213 - 216." type="journal article" year="1878">Pourtalès, 1878</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FC7EDFFC14A4FB38" box="[911,1179,1229,1253]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Neocomatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FC7EDFFC14A4FB38" box="[911,1179,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Neocomatella europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FB20DFFC155AFB3B" author="Clark" box="[1233,1381,1229,1254]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Clark, A. H. (1913 a) On a collection of recent crinoids from the waters around Ireland. Department of Agriculture &amp; Technical Instruction for Ireland, 1912, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1913a</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFAFA171FF36DFC01474FA47" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF36DFC01474FA47" blockId="17.[151,1436,1193,1758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF36DFC0117EFAD7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1265,1290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Mouth subcentral; up to 20 (rarely to 23) arms; centrodorsal circular, small to moderately thick, more than 15 cirri always present; IBr2 series united by synarthry; first syzygy at 3+4 on arms arising from IBr; IIBr of two ossicles united by synarthry; arms arising from IIBr with first syzygies at 1+2 and 3+4; distal intersyzygial interval irregular, 519; pinnule combs to P3P6; comb teeth triangular, confluent with outside edge of pinnule; proximal teeth arising gradually; comb not tapering significantly distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFAFA171FF36DE9410E0F9AF" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF36DE9410E0F9AF" blockId="17.[151,1436,1193,1758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF36DE94115FFA63" bold="true" box="[199,352,1445,1470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Distribution.</emphasis>
Tropical western Atlantic from the
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFAFA171FD01DE94131BFA63" box="[752,804,1445,1470]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFAFA171FCB9DE9413A2FA63" box="[840,925,1445,1470]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFAFA171FCB9DE9413A2FA63" box="[840,925,1445,1470]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFAFA171FC25DE941404FA63" box="[980,1083,1445,1470]" name="Bahamas" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFAFA171FBAFDE9414B5FA63" box="[1118,1162,1445,1470]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Rasa off
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFAFA171FB05DE9415A7FA63" box="[1268,1432,1445,1470]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFAFA171FF66DEF810E1FA3F" box="[151,222,1481,1506]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and northeastern Atlantic from
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFAFA171FDB7DEFB12CBFA3F" box="[582,756,1481,1506]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFAFA171FDB7DEFB129EFA3C" box="[582,673,1482,1505]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Western</collectingRegion>
Sahara
</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFAFA171FCE6DEF8134BFA3F" box="[791,884,1481,1506]" country="France" name="Bretagne" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Brittany</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFAFA171FC8FDEFB13F5FA3C" box="[894,970,1482,1505]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">France</collectingCountry>
(AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FBF8DEF814B6FA3F" author="Clark" box="[1033,1161,1481,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
; AM
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FB39DEF81577FA3F" author="Clark" box="[1224,1352,1481,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Clark, A. M. (1980) Crinoidea collected by the Meteor and Discovery in the NE Atlantic. Bulletin of the British Museum of National History (Zoology), 38, 187 - 210." type="journal article" year="1980">Clark 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FAA2DEFB112FF9DB" author="Meyer" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Meyer, D. L., Messing, C. G. &amp; Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1978">
Meyer
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF66DEDF10F0F9D8" box="[151,207,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FEEADEDC11FAF9DB" author="Tommasi" box="[283,453,1517,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1965) Lista dos crinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico: Oceanografia biologica, 9, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Tommasi 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Depth range:
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.
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFAFA171FD0ADEDF1369F9D8" box="[763,854,1518,1541]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FC4CDEDF147AF9D8" box="[957,1093,1517,1541]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FC4CDEDF147AF9D8" box="[957,1093,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">N. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded between 35 and
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFAFA171FF39DD20112BF9F4" box="[200,276,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.67" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="567.0">567 m</quantity>
, with most recorded in
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFAFA171FDD6DD201297F9F4" box="[551,680,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="150.0">150400 m</quantity>
(AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FD1DDD201351F9F7" author="Clark" box="[748,878,1553,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FC8DDD231472F9F7" author="Meyer" box="[892,1101,1553,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Meyer, D. L., Messing, C. G. &amp; Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1978">
Meyer
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FC3EDD231436F9F4" box="[975,1033,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
), and with a single specimen collected in
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFAFA171FED2DD071161F990" box="[291,350,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
(Meyer 1973). Northeastern Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FCE1DD0713A4F990" box="[784,923,1590,1613]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Neocomatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FCE1DD0713A4F990" box="[784,923,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">N. europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at depths of
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFAFA171FB74DD071524F990" box="[1157,1307,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="400.0">4001,700 m</quantity>
(AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FAAFDD0410ECF9AF" author="Clark" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFAFA171FF36DD4C12BFF900" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAFA171FF36DD4C12BFF900" blockId="17.[151,1436,1193,1758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF36DD4C1104F94B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1661,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FEB3DD4F1229F94B" author="Meyer" box="[322,534,1661,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Meyer, D. L., Messing, C. G. &amp; Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1978">
Meyer
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FE62DD4F11F4F948" box="[403,459,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
(1978
</bibRefCitation>
, following Messing, unpublished thesis) treated
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FBC9DD4F14ACF948" box="[1080,1171,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">N. alata</emphasis>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAFA171FF66DD93111EF964" box="[151,289,1697,1721]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAFA171FF66DD93111EF964" box="[151,289,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">N. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAFA171FE6CDD93125DF967" author="Carpenter" box="[413,610,1698,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Carpenter, P. H. (1881) The Comatulae of the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 3, 173 - 217." type="journal article" year="1881">Carpenter (1881)</bibRefCitation>
. However, additional genetic and morphological analyses are required to clarify the number of western Atlantic taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>