295 lines
38 KiB
XML
295 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="37132A2FA3AD6C75BD5CBA876F498C44" ID-CLB-Dataset="29558" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7a8d55d-480a-4c48-9fa6-dac6d0ca1887" ID-PMC="PMC6168618" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-786-75" ID-PubMed="30283237" ID-ZooBank="9418FB98D14B4AF781EEB35AC06688B9" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-786-75" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 786" ModsDocTitle="A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae)" checkinTime="1537926482774" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Conway, Kevin W., Stewart, Andrew L. & Summers, Adam P." docDate="2018" docId="F50E21782A595F0D32B17D585907EBB2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 786: 75-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 786" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539" docTitle="Flexor incus Conway, Stewart & Summers, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CFA9314B-78DB-4B46-9F7D-64BCD829E86D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="90451B1004418658981FFFF7F50BFFAC" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitahua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1732566689459" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="91ECBF1096D4164A6666231046CE9617">A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitahua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="509F64D3DB38613534E3F4928BCC5D72">Conway, Kevin W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="162DB1DB7B8CCC97C4C709086E1DD798">Stewart, Andrew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFFDB03A63C313D64806BEA0A51C533D">Summers, Adam P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="811126EF96F733A4A449CA1B371CC9A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="53255060AEF880665C0D9FAA36EBEAB3">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="94D7665B2578C6F97888F7A38C56C058">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9B3D7A42135CCB2F5228F3E307B0F0C0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D8201FDEF76FC69CEE967BFD869B1468">786</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="536A10A8E9801B19CEEF895BBAEB853A">75</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FFC6F18EB845692F44368AFE64E5530D">104</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="939EFEED18FD7FD1603E94C85BB7EDDC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="47EB0769580CAA58815A903571E61708">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A519B462985536B49572E868A3AEAC8C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28539</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F79098ADE41CA7E76B72C500A04B0AA0" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-786-75</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F50E21782A595F0D32B17D585907EBB2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="147660768" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CFA9314B-78DB-4B46-9F7D-64BCD829E86D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F50E21782A595F0D32B17D585907EBB2" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" scope_family="Gobiesocidae">
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<subSubSection id="AA0976494D931AC8F407459306302318" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="13E83971A7BB609A3B0E2BEB4A78841C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="33F4366583CE993A00E6AA7338419AE5" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CFA9314B-78DB-4B46-9F7D-64BCD829E86D" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5ED9ABB7843C494E94B6CAB4EE33F5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="042B6D6264D569716CF9BCC7873C46F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="66AC1E54A77F2F50192B4ADCA82F02A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="75DB08BF937AA2FE4BD59214DD3CD835" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Aspasmogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspasmogaster" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspasmogaster</taxonomicName>
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sp.:
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<bibRefCitation id="4F20FBB7C3AFE0FE7BF927E0E97E0AFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Stewart 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 1539, 1544;
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<bibRefCitation id="486A8B3A86EA2E249D0E7155F682AB1C" author="Trnski, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Auckland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="463 - 480" title="Recent collections of fishes at the Kermadec Islands and new records for the region." volume="20" year="2015">Trnski et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 473, 476, Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="806481FD81FC8E991DDDCF1E6577D5A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="72A0A5535C35F1DFE4316B3CF14F419C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC2184ECBA752CB1E370C21CB5BBFC56" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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NMNZ P.060717, 20.8 mm SL; New Zealand, Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island, Fishing Rock Landing (
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<geoCoordinate id="4EAD85B99C207FDF2C3132825A1A50A4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.250834">29°15'03.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8B1E935CF42D86C61BE0B210AE30CFE2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.90332">177°54'12.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 0-1 meters depth, 18 May 2011, M. Francis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8D663E276DE04419ADE6C0595A60507E" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="497738367A7896FED34E4843E67390D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B6A2F2B43E4FCD0D8809F63DC72354E" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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All Kermadec Islands. AIM MA655142, 1 (C&S), 20.0 mm SL; Raoul Island, North Meyer Islet, northwest side of island (
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<geoCoordinate id="DC686B881B11359C0866E1DDC343549E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.244556">29°14'40.4"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="13FA5A2AC8FE7280507959BB5895A5DC" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.87814">177°52'41.3"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 0-1.3 meters depth, 13 May 2011. - AIM MA655401, 2, 18.0-24.0 mm SL; Raoul Island, Fishing Rock Landing (
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<geoCoordinate id="8205EF848E38B104FC0A17DD7DD70508" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.25075">29°15'02.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D1DC11FC350AA01F481B4FB1E2311F8F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.90324">177°54'11.7"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 0-1 meters depth, 18 May 2011. - AIM MA655316, 1 (CT scan; https://doi.org/10.17602/M2/M56344), 23.0 mm SL; AMS I.45807-001, 1, 19.7 mm SL; NMNZ P.049965, 1, 24.3 mm SL; NMNZ P.049966, 1, 27.2 mm SL; Raoul Island, Herald Islets, west side of North Chanter Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="FA826142C72A6AAB194FE08F414CD188" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.251667">29°15'06.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B873E7C1FB9857796A251136533E2675" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.85583">177°51'21.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1-12 meters depth, 16 May 2011, A. Ballance. - AMS I.45823-010, 1, 19.1 mm SL; same as holotype. - NMNZ P.017760, 1, 14.0 mm SL; Raoul Island, rockpool on Fishing Rock Landing (
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<geoCoordinate id="459D576E11EAD5F909F36D25E47A450E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-29.25">29°15'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="44904EE7601144754189E0C0FAA9332F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-177.9">177°54'W</geoCoordinate>
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) 17 Aug 1985. - NMNZ P.041114, 1, 22.4 mm SL; Raoul Island, Meyer Islet (
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<geoCoordinate id="13DF63E11790FCE2328D714F2B7F9ECC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.246668">29°14'48.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FEB8EFF80729754306912DCE8A7E1900" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.88083">177°52'51.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 0-1.5 meters depth, 7 November 2004. - NMNZ P.024500, 1, not measured; Fishing Rock, Raoul Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="FFABDCBE5DF880A142D23594D2AF7031" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-29.166666">29°10'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0AACEC35B50CFD97D5B1F1C6B1531642" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-177.9">177°54'W</geoCoordinate>
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), November 1980 - NMNZ P.025315, 1, 19.4 mm SL; Raoul Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="13413A8AE4687F71B2E1DEAB567DBFE2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.248611">29°14'55.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="43EEF6306885BEE1134881CAB0AFA9E5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.97293">177°58'22.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1975. - NMNZ P.028570, 1, 27.2 mm SL; Raoul Island, Meyer Islet, Boat Harbour (
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<geoCoordinate id="1BCA8B495D3BDF46AD8F69DBF86031B7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.248333">29°14'54.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6752BF645329D5897C7155957078ADE5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.87">177°52'12.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 0-3 meters depth, 03 June 1992. - NMNZ P.029570, 1, 27.1 mm SL; Meyer Islet, Boat Harbour (
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<geoCoordinate id="49667A93848B7D8AE7B0DE4B80C3B3B2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.248333">29°14'54.0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C9843ACF2E832B2864CA43578F5836C7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.87">177°52'12.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 03 June 1992. - NMNZ P.050069, 1, 21.1 mm SL; Raoul Island, Fishing Rock Landing (
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<geoCoordinate id="9C306EB513DBC3D4E45E33663DEE2FF7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.251278">29°15'04.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1A9434906E39ADC3A13FB08AF02CB811" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.90358">177°54'12.9"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1 meter depth, 14 September 2011. - NMNZ P.057561, 1, 16.9 mm SL; Raoul Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="9E4E3AC3D2C421A526476C2EBFEBC3CD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.248667">29°14'55.2"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B67DBE7BCF3DAC039FD337CF446AEDC6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.97299">177°58'22.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1975.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="89A73D71A358467E98B397D3BD9DCDE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2948C390D225C1B9EF7301BAE3C82422" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="634AF6083EF9D5EEFB7E2CBE909C862E" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">See generic diagnosis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C63EB64137DC55D1267F768BAF945517" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="72EAAFCB174D3DE4D30820CD36DD7316" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE5FC907D3315A6E70A40560CDD59BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">General body shape as in Figures 1, 2. Morphometric characters listed in Table 1. Head relatively small (less than one third of body length), slightly dorso-ventrally compressed. Body moderately elongate, circular in cross-section anteriorly, becoming increasingly laterally compressed posteriorly. Widest point of body immediately behind head; as wide as widest point of head. Body width tapering gradually posteriorly. Body depth relatively uniform anterior to dorsal and anal fins; shallowest along caudal peduncle. Eye large, positioned on dorsolateral surface of head; orbit barely visible in ventral view. Centre of eye closer to tip of snout than to posterior margin of operculum. Snout of moderate length, broad, anterior margin rounded (Figs 1-3). Anterior nostril a small tubular opening (Figure 3). Posterior nostril surrounded by a low, fleshy rim; situated along anterodorsal margin of orbit (Figure 3). Gill membranes free from isthmus.</paragraph>
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<caption id="AD1FBF2F9A699F07CD2E75A7FEF94A0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph id="3D394217542BAD16EB8EEF4F56825A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Table 1. Select morphometric characters obtained from the holotype and six paratypes of
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<taxonomicName id="716EBB2FF4EC4CABA23C7524BFC091FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
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. Ranges include value obtained for holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="582FADC4B3886F5EBBFAACEAE1E2BD78" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<table id="E54BB9CFD906601A3B3B8638C9C85251" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<tr id="5FE02AAEBC16E37515B8D2B37E209084" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<th id="EC2DFA6BD396D51571B33E5B587C0355" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
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<th id="60493F3BB5CE4BA9534A51B1AD04DB5D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Range</th>
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<th id="792BD7273DAF20482232F0D08CC39A1C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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<th id="64788729C0873F6E0CACD1A8B747819A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">St. Dev.</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="BA75A3615A42680F5670C2BD517210AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<td id="07207BA7081B204769456CC0454E5356" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="1784497016C66C987C49EBFF6FCC3418" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<td id="80419BFEA90A16BDE6F6DEA401783B8B" colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">In % of SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="12447FF35BD0911574D2C4C8B7266ADE" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<td id="32B5DF284CA7C3994EDECF61CF8A1E87" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">HL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4B1BD5E607BB4F724FAA7AF8E2CF25F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<td id="C6B3FA6B2242161AD72C933E01177D69" colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">In % of HL</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="51F7D3C186561114733F7C73BCF956C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph id="515FFCF3B550C737F1E0DF9806EA5E9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="C454B18B8588EC8FB2181682FEA36A1B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
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, NMNZ P.060717, holotype, 20.8 mm SL; New Zealand, Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="0823AE9F1E557FF1656CBCB38229B1DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph id="7490B2900ED762ADE2FCD581B0F8D956" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName id="98F35C0475714502888D5F3D8801BD74" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
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, Te konui Point, Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, 28 meters depth, photographed by R. Robinson (www.depth.co.nz) during the 2011 Kermadec Islands Biodiscovery Expedition, a project led by the Auckland Museum. Specimen not retained.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="BF720397314772D064A6482F299A7A27" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph id="46FA8E71A48138E5AF7AB11F65AABFBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Figure 3. Head of
|
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<taxonomicName id="7D10ABD19A3E66ABC1B0974E2DDD4F5D" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMNZ P.025315, paratype, 19.4 mm SL) in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) view highlighting position of cephalic lateral line canal pores (grey circles) and superficial neuromasts (white circles) on the left side of the head. Close-up view of nostrils shown in inset image between B and C Superficial neuromasts highlighted by white dotted line in inset image. Single scale bar shared between
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EFD38FF64F9D2403D450F07C81DCD86C" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Skin on ventral surface of head damaged on right side of specimen. Superficial neuromasts on surface of body not highlighted. Asterisks (*, **, ***, ****) label individual superficial neuromasts that are visible in different views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC1-2, lachrymal canal pores 1-2; NC1-2, nasal canal pores 1-2; PN, posterior nostril; PO1-2, postorbital canal pores 1-2; PR1-3, preopercular canal pores 1-3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A69AAF76F8F60C05CA56B61B5FFBD0A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Mouth terminal, small; posterior tip of upper jaw reaching imaginary vertical line through anterior nostril when mouth closed. Upper and lower lip narrow; upper lip uniform in thickness along length of jaw; lower lip thicker along lateral margins of lower jaw, narrower at jaw symphysis (Figure 3). Upper jaw slightly wider and longer than lower jaw, creating a narrow gap between teeth of upper and lower jaws when jaws closed (Figure 5). Premaxilla with a single row of teeth, comprising 2-3 peg-like, conical teeth anteriorly at and adjacent to symphysis, and 10-12 strongly laterally compressed incisiviform teeth, each with a single strongly recurved cusp, along outer margin of bone (Figure 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3F9AC926D07442C93C332D3B594B721E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Dentary with a single row of 14-16 small, conical teeth with sharply pointed and slightly recurved tip (Figure 7D). Pharyngeal jaws comprising patch of 4-6 small conical teeth with slightly recurved tips on pharyngobranchial toothplate 3 and row of 3-5 small conical teeth with slightly recurved tips along ceratobranchial 5 (Figure 8D). 5-6 small triangular gill rakers located along anterior and posterior edge of ceratobranchials 2-3 and anterior edge of ceratobranchial 4; one or two tiny gill rakers located along anterior edge of ceratobranchial 1 (Figure 8D). Paired rows of gill filaments (holobranch) on gill arches I-III (three gill filaments of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="961918E391C92C89FF987734F9469FED" author="Briggs, JC" journalOrPublisher="Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 224" title="A monograph of the clingfishes (Order Xenopterygii)." volume="6" year="1955">Briggs 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Basihyal an elongate rod, widest posteriorly at point of articulation with dorsal hypohyals; anterior edge tipped with cartilage (Figure 8C). Six brachiostegal rays (Figure 8A); anteriormost ray separate from hyoid bar; second ray articulating medially with hyoid bar along anterior ceratohyal; posterior rays articulating with hyoid bar laterally, including two along posteriormost part of anterior ceratohyal, one straddling junction between anterior and posterior ceratohyals, and posteriormost along anteriormost part of posterior ceratohyal (Figure 8B). Anteriormost branchiostegal ray shorter than posterior rays. Three posteriormost branchiostegal rays similar in width and length, approximately twice as long and thick as anteriormost ray. Intervening rays intermediate in width and length (Figure 8B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1DC1BEC2102E913554F961EDF1DA4ADE" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Cephalic lateral-line system with 2 pores in nasal canal; 2 pores in postorbital canal; 2 pores in lachrymal canal; 3 pores in preopercular canal (Figure 3). Mandibular canal absent. Canal pores minute; typically flush with surface of skin and difficult to locate. Supraorbital canals (including nasal canal plus anteriormost region of postorbital canal of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D66DD9EAA2453C080992CBC4C6F8EA64" author="Shiogaki, M" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="111 - 121" title="Two new genera and two new species of clingfishes from Japan, with comments on head sensory canals of the Gobiesocidae." volume="30" year="1983">Shiogaki and Dotsu 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) connected across midline via epiphyseal commissure (Figure 6A). Superficial neuromasts on surface of head not arranged in obvious rows (Figure 3); each surrounded by a shallow groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E163096DAC3618343CCD2975870B0B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Dorsal-fin rays 9 or 10. Anal-fin rays 8 or 9 (first in serial or supernumerary association with anteriormost proximal-middle radial). Principal caudal-fin rays 5+5, dorsal procurrent rays 6 or 7, ventral procurrent rays 6. Pectoral-fin rays 24 or 25; uppermost ray a tiny splint-like element comprised of a single hemitrichium. Pelvic-fin rays I, 4. All fins rays, excluding anteriormost 4-5 procurrent caudal-fin rays, unbranched and segmented; anteriormost 4-5 procurrent caudal-fin rays unsegmented, azygous elements. Caudal fin marginally truncate, tips of principal caudal-fin rays extended beyond fin margin. Caudal-fin skeleton comprised of upper and lower hypural plates; epural triangular, with broad cartilaginous dorsal margin; parhypural absent, parahypural cartilage roughly triangular (Figure 10). Neural and hemal spine of PU2 bifurcated in single CT scanned specimen (Figure 4); singular in C&S specimen (Figure 10). Dorsal-fin origin situated slightly anterior to imaginary vertical line through anal-fin origin (Figs 1, 4). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines of vertebrae 17/18. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted between hemal spines of vertebrae 18/19 or 19/20. Total number of vertebrae 33, consisting of 13 or 14 abdominal vertebrae and 19 or 20 caudal vertebrae (Figure 4). Ribs 12, associated with vertebrae 3-14. Epicentrals 20, associated with vertebrae 2-21.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D6749D0F3DE35F511F66498BC2309B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="78909131ECB0DC59F88E6F184687FBA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 4. CT scanned skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E04727F2061103BEE33B911FED15F46F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AIM MA655316, paratype, 23.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view. B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E496A8E61A63A27FC0318AB5EDA6C9EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="22C87DF3F7F9913A6CF3E99376BD03CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 5. CT scanned anterior skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64766D7B358ACA870948A2761AC915D9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AIM MA655316, paratype, 23.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; Br, branchiostegal rays; Cb5, ceratobranchial 5; Cl, cleithrum; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ec, epicentral; Ect, ectopterygoid; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PecR, pectoral radial; PecFR, pectoral-fin ray; PelFR1-4, pelvic-fin ray 1-4; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, rib; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Ur, urohyal; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl, ventral postcleithrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF8EED855F1D5D99B2525CD805056821" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A6BAA4D8D7BF47932779F33F07B6F2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 6. Neurocranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02EE1819C05DC9D8D4F59848967E99CF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. A Dorsal view B Lateral view (left side) C Ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; Ec, epicentral; EpC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A8DF0FD59B357C2207155CA4166D3EA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9AFC927217F573D0DECFF126DDD545B" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D82ACDC413DD0F200D64C85D0ED9803B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side in lateral view (image reversed) B Scanning electron micrograph of premaxilla, right side in oblique lateral view (image reversed). Asterisk (*) highlights location of replacement tooth crypt C Close up of posteriormost incisiviform teeth of premaxilla shown in A D Scanning electron micrograph of conical teeth located close to middle of dentary, right side in medial view (image reversed). Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; CoT, conical tooth; Dn, dentary; Ect, ectopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; InT, incisiviform tooth; Iop, interopercle; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RInT, replacement incisiviform tooth; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1AA2261F47DEAFEA11BD2D51B80FD3EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="336E3750003E9436E6AA0714FB6330B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 8. Hyoid bar (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1FD4DF8AFA23E299E3380FB74F87D62B" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and gill arches (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A748EC38E6AB4B4078430A0EB2C08C9" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D65303DB361B13C3FAB790C6DF5943D" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. A Hyoid bar, right side in lateral view (image reversed) B Close up of box in A showing articulating between heads of branchiostegal rays and hyoid bar C Lower gill arches in dorsal view, paired elements of right side omitted D Upper gill arches of left side in ventral view. A single scale bar shared between C and D. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Bb3-4C, basibranchial 3 or 4 cartilages; Bh, basihyal; BrR, branchiostegal rays; Cb1-5, ceratobranchial 1-5; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; EB1-4, epibranchials 1-4; GF, gill filament; GR, gill raker; Hb1, hypobranchial 1; Hb2-3C, hypobranchial 2 or 3 cartilage; Pb3TP, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; Uh, urohyal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="ABA5DE88A5D6C9EB088785731D0B03F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Adhesive disc small (18-26% of SL), double (Figure 9A); anterior margin weakly crenulated medially, becoming smooth at point corresponding to location of expanded tip of spinous ray; posterior margin bordered by a broad, thin and weakly crenulated skin flap. Skin of posterior flap delicate, easily damaged; supported internally by fimbrae of ventral postcleithrum. Disc region A with 3-4 transverse rows of papillae. Disc region B with 4-5 transverse rows of papillae. Disc region C with 2-3 rows of papillae. Papillae of disc region A decreasing in diameter gradually towards outer margin of disc. Papillae of disc region B and C decreasing in diameter towards outer margin of inner disc. Decrease in size of papillae of disc region C abrupt, with papillae of inner row 2-3 times larger than papillae of outer rows. Dorsal postcleithrum a well ossified shield-shaped bone with ~25 long, poorly ossified and distally bifurcated fimbrae (Figure 9B). Ventral postcleithrum well ossified, irregular in shape; approximately equal in size to dorsal postcleithrum (Figure 9B). ~20 long, poorly ossified and distally bifurcated fimbrae restricted to posterolateral margin of ventral postcleithrum; point of fimbrae bifurcation located distally on medial fimbrae, shifting gradually to a more proximal location on lateral fimbrae. A strong articulation between anteromedial edge of ventral postcleithrum and posterior tip of basipterygium (Figs 5B, 9B). Skin associated with last pelvic-fin ray attaching to base of pectoral fin opposite 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D19D604E3CD9350677A56952D6943399" originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6th lowermost pectoral-fin rays. Skin over base of ventral pectoral-fin rays smooth. Pectoral radials with well-developed bony struts along ventral (pectoral radial 1), dorsal (pectoral radial 4), or both ventral and dorsal margins (pectoral radials 2 and 3) that interdigitate with struts borne on element(s) directly above and/or below (Figure 9D, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="092195A4A668D47632417E8FE06184EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="504B788D0AD9C900C0CD65CCF8598CDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 9. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A NMNZ P.025315, paratype, 19.4 mm SL) and internal supporting skeleton of the paired-fin girdles (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C44961FD2F331EA1A137297D3EB3CB96" originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="160C3D954FCF965FAE8994080F995295" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Adhesive disc in ventral view (anterior to top of page); a single row of papillae highlighted in grey in each region (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="006CBF979434330ED9F5FB92110D18C6" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) of the adhesive disc B Adhesive disc supporting skeleton, including elements of the pelvic and pectoral-fin girdle in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); postcleithra and pelvic-fin rays of the right side removed C Pelvic-fin rays of right side in dorsal view (anterior to top of page) D Pectoral-fin girdle of right side in medial view (anterior to left) E Close-up of elements of the pectoral-fin endoskeleton articulating with pectoral-fin rays of the right side in medial view (anterior to left). Abbreviations: A, disc region A; B, disc region B; Bp, basipterygium; C, disc region C; DPcL, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PecR1-4, pectoral radial 1-4; PecFR, pectoral-fin ray; PelR1-4, pelvic-fin rays 1-4 VPcL, ventral postcleithrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3A0341455C5C089C983AC76B1FAB048" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A880880AA704AE7160784416378817D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 10. Caudal-fin skeleton (left side, lateral view) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CCE2C6D6A1D7BC77BE4F140FB182475" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SL. Abbreviations: DPR, dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays; Ep, epural; HSPUS, hemal spine of preural centrum 2; LHP, lower hypural plate; NSPU2, neural spine of preural centrum 2; PhC, parhypural cartilage; PR, principal caudal-fin ray; PU2-3, preural centrum 2, 3; UC, ural centrum; UHP, upper hypural plate; VPR, ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3FC186B246EAE6B497E2E1ED11BBF399" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A286B078C3FCAFF746DA2B2A4CFDAE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 11. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A68836B1F43817BEE8678BBC1401BE1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus">Flexor incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type locality in red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9FC41DA718FC5F77D61D7250D8C3C4EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Colouration. In alcohol, head and body background colour typically uniformly pale cream to yellow (Figure 3). Holotype (Figure 1) has retained pinkish purple colour of live individuals and is an exception. Fins hyaline.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4BC47C984521740B48E3B8F77A912A1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">In life (Figure 2), body uniformly pinkish purple to grey, with diffuse, pale markings ranging from bars to irregular blotches. Head pinkish purple to grey, with diffuse, pale areas around nostrils and tip of snout. Iris red. Fins transparent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="459AA9119F5A58631DD50A6DE8979AC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Distribution and habitat. Known to date only from intertidal and subtidal waters of the Kermadec Islands (Figure 11), including Raoul Island (type locality) and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9358BDE35AA763AADE16B98F68975371" originalValue="L’Esperance">L'Esperance</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rock. The majority of available specimens were collected from rock pools and from shallower subtidal areas (down to 9 meters) over rock and coral rubble substrates using ichthyocides (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EC4BC6C4D11BE4BB8EC4D80F5ACBE5A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Stewart 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, a single specimen of the new species has been observed (and photographed) at 28 meters in depth (Figure 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4CEBC395DE66E41C3A33A0B4C0D8740A" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Etymology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B296D91D6092F934C147F1BAB07FDCEA" genus="Incus" lsidName="Incus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Incus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the Latin word for anvil, in reference to the anvil-like outline of Raoul Island, the largest island in the Kermadec archipelago and type locality of the new species. A noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC9A819CFC7B14DE0687D80F39FA37D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Gut content. Hard and irregular shaped items ranging in size from 50-300
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6FC635B5FECF451913C5CA16647AB643" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
are scattered throughout the stomach of the CT scanned individual (Figure 12A). Smaller elements have smooth surfaces and could not be identified. Several of the larger elements appear to exhibit a porous (potentially stereomic) surface and are tentatively identified as echinoderm remains. Hard elements inside the stomach of the single C&S individual survived the clearing and staining process and could be dissected and photographed (Figure 12B, C). These elements are tentatively identified as either stereomic ossicles from the terminal disc of an echinoid (Figure 12B) or ossicles from the body of a holothuroid (Figure 12C) suggesting that the new species consumes echinoderms or parts of echinoderms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EB97567EA8F13B10F344DBC0367FEA59" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA33BC405578BA079B8E9579A86D0DE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 12. Gut content of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61E7522976A17414FF1FD2F159FFA6E7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Flexor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flexor incus." order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incus.">Flexor incus.</taxonomicName>
|
||
A Hard gut content of AIM MA655316, paratype, 23.0 mm SL, as revealed by CT scanning. Isolated elements from the gut of AIM MA655142, paratype, 20.0 mm SLB Stereomic ossicles tentatively identified as elements from the terminal disc of an echinoid C Rod-like elements tentatively identified as ossicles from the body of a holothuroid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |