938 lines
144 KiB
XML
938 lines
144 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="2439" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66ba5520-2b6d-4925-8dea-ce6abf9a724b" ID-PMC="PMC8803752" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1083-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" ID-PubMed="35115872" ID-ZooBank="D263A9C3D2EB4A2D9D7FECAC41AFD710" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1083-13" checkinTime="1643093437741" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto & Watanabe, Kozo" docDate="2022" docId="565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1083: 13-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1083" docPubDate="2022-01-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624" docTitle="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" masterDocTitle="Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1732741066370" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8595E53588AFA4A2BC503A52A8F196AD">Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3AD05EBF49A1DFB401E991ABED5AC31">Kolcsar, Levente-Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="94C64B2C7C011D0F6ED5979A695A2693">Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C02C002262603421A3F5306066B5B5D0">Paramonov, Nikolai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7E5BF98BDC0D45DB339EC084D4060EE2">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4E117FB417566C0F75F0086E8C9CBC53">Imada, Yume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FDCC1CCDC2315678D1B8C9E197B47BA5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-7389</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="85162236DCB6B2A71809F285840E3D87">Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2 - 5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790 - 8577 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="113834A04163915E791ABCBBCF301249">Kato, Daichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="65EC16AE0DB5FB9DCF5AFD3ACB7D3BBE">Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Sciences, ' Kyororo', 1712 - 2 Matsunoyama, Tokamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26B4780A5263ED897CD1AF20E41B280E">Gamboa, Maribet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB2967FB1C98BD2D1D1B2C4196AD56A3">Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, 409054 Concepcion, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ED32264EC247B0784E785FDCAB8DC869">Shinoka, Dai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26652CEAB9EBC50B35746ABF982C6E80">Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DC3EE5A031B6A708EFB738EF97723879">Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Kyoto, 606 - 8501 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="94C0F2681BCFBDD645D33AAC2F85CCDA">Watanabe, Kozo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F0131A465241AE979AEF8A5F5BEF7B1">Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="3BC9B7F6FA3C1B0C9DA3210725AB3D4E">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192586639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Cylindrotomidae" scope_order="Diptera">
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<subSubSection id="5206A6A371CCD48AD794079D56B5AC55" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="D0958171AC5D80F1E46474DA4F0024D2" ID-CoL="883MT" LSID="565C6AA8-CC18-5836-B8F3-EABE25232A20" authority="(Meigen, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8A59C08619C745ABFE158DB25DDE81F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E29DDBDE101C5AEF2BE14ABD1DFD18F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<figureCitation id="5DF103EA05031B5D1F07E3E32EE07114" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9EA16DD265DB8EF9C7B8E392EF712B8F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 4A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="04AFDC6D9FA9D3636C971AEAA645BFA4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma kuwanai " form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma limbinervis " form." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 5A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CB19A3E100D85062B7946A62B041D5A1" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="928B34521B64FDC64B19C20519D667E6" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="10577DE8785F05BA0F456AC0BC6CF72F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) and D. caudata Takahashi, 1960. Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data. Green dot indicate approximate location of type locality of D. caudata Takahashi, 1960." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637481" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 8A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CD6F566E3D7A986B766244D98C65995" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="93A32A0C1FB8BC5740CF12AC4CB0DEF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="3F8C73C8457727E36785303E4F5C69B8" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula brevicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Tipula brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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||
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="122890F8B761D3E6049FC845CEA64B13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="6278D043E548D6CBF60EADA6EC349963" authorityName="Krogerus" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma tenebrarum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrarum">Cylindrotoma tenebrarum</taxonomicName>
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||
Krogerus, 1937
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E877B6D91AEBB48F795D446710707AE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F2BB065D67DD294E7DD374C1CD9D6B6" authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. borealis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="borealis">Cylindrotoma distinctissima borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EE396C0DD7218673327BD962437B7A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="78E7F3A90948B31B89C8CD23A57FFD34" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Cylindrotoma japonica</taxonomicName>
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||
Alexander, 1919, syn. nov.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4AAE11AB53F58E85DAF2A247670275" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="327 - 348" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, CP, 1919. Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 12: 327 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" title="Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" volume="12" year="1919">Alexander 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 344-345: original description;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21C4F931CFCABB560489964040BD09D" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="531 - 611" refId="B5" refString="Alexander, CP, 1924. New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science 24: 531 - 611" title="New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera)." volume="24" year="1924">Alexander 1924</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 595: faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EACC0A9ABEE9E7EAE524F682819ADF3F" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B6" refString="Alexander, CP, 1928. Diptera. Family Tipulidae, Subfam. Cylindrotominae. Genera Insectorum 187: 1 - 16" title="Diptera. Family Tipulidae, Subfam. Cylindrotominae." volume="187" year="1928">Alexander 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9: distribution, illustrations;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="49029C4FF146705A96EA9DDD5C1A29D9" author="Esaki, T" journalOrPublisher="Hokuryukan Ltd, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B20" refString="Esaki, T, 1950. Diptera. Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum, Ed. 2. Hokuryukan Ltd, Tokyo" title="Diptera. Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum, Ed. 2." year="1950">Esaki 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1513: illustration;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC7F9E87F733138B9544F1AC1E6B2901" author="Ishida, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B27" refString="Ishida, H, 1955. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera. II. Tipula (part) and Cylindrotominae. Annual Report of the Hyogo Agricultural College (Kenkyu Shuroku, 1955) 5: 59-77." title="The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera. II. Tipula (part) and Cylindrotominae. Annual Report of the Hyogo Agricultural College (Kenkyu Shuroku, 1955) 5: 59 - 77." year="1955">Ishida 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 77: distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D06A83F4233D290632CE70C0409CF9A7" author="Takahashi, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="B62" refString="Takahashi, M, 1960. A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 6: 81 - 91" title="A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="6" year="1960">Takahashi 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 81: distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6E60410F3B02F2F00006BA4C1BDF4C2" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="119 - 126" refId="B13" refString="Alexander, CP, 1966. The crane-fly fauna of the southern Kuriles (Tipulidae, Diptera). Mushi 39: 119 - 126" title="The crane-fly fauna of the southern Kuriles (Tipulidae, Diptera)." volume="39" year="1966">Alexander 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 122: distribution, faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="027B9D816B477FCEBA6E316E994C780E" author="Sidorenko, VS" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="68 - 70" refId="B58" refString="Sidorenko, VS, 1999. Cylindrotomidae. In: Ler, PA, Ed., Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 68 - 70" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1999">Sidorenko 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5232C062C28F5268ABD3F69C9E044D8" author="Nakamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Tochigi Prefectural Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="23 - 30" refId="B35" refString="Nakamura, T, 2001. Cylindrotomidae of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin of the Tochigi Prefectural Museum 18: 23 - 30" title="Cylindrotomidae of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="18" year="2001">Nakamura 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 23-29: identification key, illustration, distribution, faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3BF86D16FC3E01A11F0680F9D3A7C608" author="Pilipenko, VE" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="11 - 12" refId="B48" refString="Pilipenko, VE, Sidorenko, VS, 2004. International biodiversity observation year (IBOY), Crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae) of the forest ecosystems of Primorye. Far Eastern Entomologist 136: 11 - 12" title="International biodiversity observation year (IBOY), Crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae) of the forest ecosystems of Primorye." volume="136" year="2004">Pilipenko and Sidorenko 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12 faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5DEB4CC63412C6D7A803759A2C6C2D4" author="Boldgiv, B" journalOrPublisher="Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3246143" refId="B16" refString="Boldgiv, B, 2006. Spatial and genetic patterns of crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) from Lake Hovsgol region, Mongolia. PhD Thesis; Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania, USA. https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3246143" title="Spatial and genetic patterns of crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) from Lake Hovsgol region, Mongolia. PhD Thesis; Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania, USA." url="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3246143" year="2006">Boldgiv 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: phylogeny, faunistic records; in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2A102D604191D99C6A9B316DACD7FD7" author="Paramonov, NM" editor="Leley, AS" journalOrPublisher="6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="887 - 889" refId="B43" refString="Paramonov, NM, 2006. Cylindrotomidae. In: Leley, AS, Ed., Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. 6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 887 - 889" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the Insects of Russian Far East." year="2006">Paramonov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F5F1D652C6864820D55A3718DC31478" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="japonica">Cylindrotoma distinctissima japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 888: stat. nov., identification key, illustration, distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7F0ECB0A95D522C68785A9A5121797E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[59:TCFFCD]2.0.CO;2" author="Gelhaus, JK" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B23" refString="Gelhaus, JK, Podenas, S, Oyunchuluun, Y, Podeniene, V, 2007. The crane fly family Cylindrotomidae (Diptera), newly recorded for Mongolia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 156: 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[59:TCFFCD]2.0.CO;2" title="The crane fly family Cylindrotomidae (Diptera), newly recorded for Mongolia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 156: 59 - 69." url="https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[59:TCFFCD]2.0.CO;2" year="2007">Gelhaus et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64 comparison;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E763B11CAF776BF39F727255DC0322FE" author="Sasakawa, M" journalOrPublisher="Occasional from the Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="127 - 136" refId="B57" refString="Sasakawa, M, 2008. A list of the Dipterous specimens (Insecta) deposited in the Osaka Museum of Natural History. Shi Zenshi Kenkyu. Occasional from the Osaka Museum of Natural History 3 (8): 127 - 136" title="A list of the Dipterous specimens (Insecta) deposited in the Osaka Museum of Natural History. Shi Zenshi Kenkyu." volume="3" year="2008">Sasakawa 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 131: faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="79709E3DDFD1A6BF7F612FB80152B01C" author="Nakamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Kanawaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B37" refString="Nakamura, T, 2014. Cylindrotomidae. In: Nakamura T, Saigusa T, Suwa M (Eds) Catalogue of the insects of Japan, Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - BrachyceraAschiza), Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 54." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Nakamura T, Saigusa T, Suwa M (Eds) Catalogue of the insects of Japan, Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - BrachyceraAschiza), Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 54." year="2014">Nakamura 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 54: distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="225E49E8E4D52F415AEAD7A011CEEA21" author="Kato, D" journalOrPublisher="Makunagi / Acta Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="7 - 24" refId="B29" refString="Kato, D, Suzuki, Y, 2017. A revised list of the crane flies of Kanagawa, Japan, with newly recorded species (Diptera, Tipuloidea). Makunagi/Acta Dipterologica 28: 7 - 24" title="A revised list of the crane flies of Kanagawa, Japan, with newly recorded species (Diptera, Tipuloidea)." volume="28" year="2017">Kato and Suzuki 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 16: faunistic records, distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC33C07190C3A52F4F9E225F82D7F7DB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" author="Imada, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1156 - 1204" refId="B26" refString="Imada, Y, 2020. Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (4): 1156 - 1204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" title="Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" volume="193" year="2020">Imada 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: biology and ecology of larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A65D337A8B56D6B645EC2D263B360AB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="014372900ED0D02E9EDBAE70F4FD053F" authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="alpestris">Cylindrotoma distinctissima alpestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952, syn. nov.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="667DD9EA60CAAA6FA97C109AA9549F2D" author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CC2CD5B8AB9D52224A7967A7A4A7FFA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="598D4455A5075F4C78F69024B3237E1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2C7E9AB0DE40B7633AECF51F7D078F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D35922F7936622A7F171C598FA5FFC9A" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB604E947867ABA7842C7A26E73555AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919:
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECFF691AFDCBA94550ADC5D13373FE6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="611D4D88EA463EADF408FCDF004A958D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Japan</emphasis>
|
||
• ♀; Saitama Pref., Saitama; 31 May 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6EBD6A276DA34F24CA2AE7CF75E3A68" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3D8956B5485EB27F99F01C448E76813" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Non-type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B4719FEDB3B1361D038B4ED8CBA1518" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="584D8FB95916E8A9A744CCE6A159C28C" authority="distinctissima" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="4489240D3E1C4C291AEEB2FAAABDC482" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818):
|
||
<emphasis id="5EDAF5FDC9ACEDD57AD4158F8DBE391B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Finland</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1F638BEAAC695CE885CDDF005F8BB828" originalValue="Vieremä">Vieremae</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mammonhauta;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18F6D3BBE9F7E57606F98A1D914C42C" degrees="63.924404" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.924404">63.924404°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CD9DC026D7C2A21527AFD2AF68B51B1B" degrees="26.869023" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.869022">26.869023°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 135; 18 Jun. 2008 - 13 Jul. 2008; J. Salmela leg.; CKLP.
|
||
<emphasis id="980DD5623CDA98A701D38EE8664057EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Russia</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Krasnodar Krai, Apsheronsky District, Mezmay Settlement, Kamyshanova polyana, Mezmaika River;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C043DB7F705CE0173B66892903321AFB" degrees="44.16989" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.16989">44.16989°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="47728C6B854FA2B53CE9ED96C9D2FE87" degrees="40.05181" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="40.05181">40.05181°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1200 m; 11 Jun. 2004; N.M. Paramonov leg.; CKLP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C088A564B51DFB1C7AEDBF2051B83AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="190298370B41A4710F74E31255454201" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F7E9F6461887C2216A5E603777D252" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919:
|
||
<emphasis id="D1315B3B62200DD38FE68A57C33A1F67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Japan</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂; Mt. Shirouma Alps,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0727A36237E97AAF2F688BE383753305" degrees="36.78" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.78">36.78°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="82A855285D099AF003B979C9658D292F" degrees="137.7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="137.7">137.7°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 8 Aug. 1931; J. Machida leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Aomori, Towada, Sakura Spa, Okuse;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1485AC17867D697697817B6BBDC5923B" degrees="40.627315" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.627316">40.627315°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B86A7FF34B5A26994911D82B1FF053C" degrees="140.909831" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.90984">140.909831°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 854 m; 21 Jun. 2014, D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Aomori, Nishimeyamura, Okawa Path, Kawaratai;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F9C07129C8295AC1C839AFBA89A19D45" degrees="40.500625" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.500626">40.500625°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E25B512B9B07C7F5DDD8FC2B987BFD07" degrees="140.204058" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.20406">140.204058°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 300 m; 18 Sep. 2013; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂, reared from larva; Gifu, Takayama, Nigorikawa;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="39E2FAA56500129DE2FF9301F0A748D4" degrees="36.0545" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0545">36.0545°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1C0E071BAC58A2109EE583CA76371446" degrees="137.55818" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="137.55818">137.55818°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1375 m; larva collected: 5 Aug. 2015, emerged: 26 May. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Gifu, Mt. Norikura, Japanese Alps;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B16A786D908A3F4391FF67EDCC9FF4ED" degrees="36.12" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.12">36.12°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FE5B79BAAC1F259865FBB456DB0A67C0" degrees="137.5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="137.5">137.5°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 26 Jun. 1929; J. Machida leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Hokkaido, Sapporo, Minami-ku, Jozankei, trail of Mt. Sapporo;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3C4091A824909850B178624A522DFB3F" degrees="42.92392" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.92392">42.92392°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2CCDF64F404ADBC8363121EFB33C3C7E" degrees="141.17688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="141.17688">141.17688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 450-860 m; 3 Sep. 2018; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂, 3 ♀; Hokkaido, Higashikawa, Asahidake, River Yukomabetsu;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0EE2B95B043A81C82B7A730CD504B97C" degrees="43.65226" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.65226">43.65226°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BB60110B6B66D078BA4932F5C96B878A" degrees="142.80229" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="142.80229">142.80229°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1120 m; 23 Jul. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="73282A8C0875209D2E6E342C192BAC13" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; CKLP. • 2 ♂; Hokkaido, Higashikawa, Asahidake;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F7CF1929C484ABD58B1E68BC52BC20AF" degrees="43.65582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.65582">43.65582°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3BE10533A29AD1A3298B5B0CCD8C172A" degrees="142.82608" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="142.82608">142.82608°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1100-1500 m; 24 Jul. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1044FB631AC9A390BA9F53BF1E7A8DD1" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Ashoro, Meakan Moutain, small sandy/muddy stream;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FE13E32E9703684E0C35454D913012A2" degrees="43.3907" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.3907">43.3907°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1AFDBCF79C7BD92D438453FC4DEFC69E" degrees="143.96821" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="143.96822">143.96821°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 365 m; 27 Jul. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BAED4ED80344D2166C9A1814A67BF302" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♀; Iwate, Hachimantai, Toshiti Spa;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12181C06B3FFAF062C63EA4BDD7C163E" degrees="39.94253" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.94253">39.94253°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A206B1E6B5ADB9F207C095794F67656C" degrees="140.86804" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.86804">140.86804°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1344 m; 3 Aug. 2013; • 1 ♀; same locality; 1 Jul. 2014; • 1 ♂; same locality; 5 Aug. 2014; • 2 ♀; same locality; 20 Sep. 2014; • 1 ♀; same locality; 5 Aug. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 3 ♂; Nagano, Matsumoto, Azumi, Mt. Norikura, near Kuraigahara-Sansou;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C5A22DF3C0E509D402B37C78B8842BF3" degrees="36.11987" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.11987">36.11987°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="326A1707086069160E788CCD717F3B27" degrees="137.5692" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="137.5692">137.5692°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 2370 m; 22 Jul. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Ueda, Daimyozin stream, Sugadaira MRC;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4002D62DF005E168E2A21FC7FE17CB24" degrees="36.51992" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.51992">36.51992°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8FE3FD96939A7C9BA736556ACBC150BB" degrees="138.3539" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="138.3539">138.3539°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1315 m; 27 Aug. 2012; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂; Nagano, Sakae-mura, Sakai, Koakazawa-gawa River;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E37B3D4CD6AFE3E60F96ECBE53A05196" degrees="36.85352" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.85352">36.85352°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4E50656B0F59B8342265F358F119E83E" degrees="138.66358" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.66357">138.66358°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1320-1600 m; 19. Sep. 2019; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Chino, Shibunoyu;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="58DF4BE236987E3885CF403EEB716DE6" degrees="36.03582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.03582">36.03582°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B85369FC4A86C169EADE5092C640CC4A" degrees="138.32771" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.32771">138.32771°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1863 m; 21 Jul. 2013; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 2 ♂; Nagano, Miyada, Kisokomagatake;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6598C30379DA1351DCAC6A4E99C4DFB" degrees="35.76917" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.76917">35.76917°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C391FD062FC053F454657E3E18495FD3" degrees="137.8357" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="137.8357">137.8357°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1683 m; 13 Aug. 2013; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Matsumoto, Kamikouchi;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B6742A01CED14B7D8F1AE360F7639A88" degrees="36.20966" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.20966">36.20966°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7B1DFE0CDF88F62441AFAC920359786" degrees="137.60662" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="137.60661">137.60662°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1320 m; 3 Aug. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Niigata, Yuzawa, Mitsumata, Mt. Naeba;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="344EE1AE4FEB912617B155DFD23E8888" degrees="36.85616" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.85616">36.85616°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ED10CC6901E2370417DCFDF160A345A8" degrees="138.71041" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.7104">138.71041°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1500-1900 m; 8 Aug. 2019; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Niigata, Kurokawa, Echigo;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6204EF3D65FA1A1ECC9F3CE2E37389C2" degrees="38.05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="38.05">38.05°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="081FFE9E9D39FD1471A70BA78A94617E" degrees="139.47" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="139.47">139.47°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 19 May 1954; B. Kintaro leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Okayama, Maniwa, Hiruzen-Shimotokuyama;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE504EAFF0775064D948D9382D3C6550" degrees="35.32931" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.32931">35.32931°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D6808FD728D93227CBDD4EDA563C3339" degrees="133.59725" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="133.59724">133.59725°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 784 m; 17 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♀; Tokyo, Tokyo, Akiruno, rocky river and stream;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8E5ADE6681A8B6F0320AB0DB1A90C12D" degrees="35.74766" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.74766">35.74766°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12D154A29EAB71E7FB887D2B7CF28D5D" degrees="139.18466" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="139.18466">139.18466°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 288 m; 11 May. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="479A6E40AC8CD071446411507826B0B4" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Tokyo, Tokyo, Mitake;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0C234B87B5522737F58F36FFE6E65C2" degrees="35.78" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="35.78">35.78°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="142C2E49B86626040594447841277CB8" degrees="139.14" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="139.14">139.14°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 10 May. 1931; B. Oda leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Toyama, Kurobegoro;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DED539A506D5CCCA4648412B4FCBC47A" degrees="36.38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.38">36.38°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6E5A00F1B023F874EBF1835B317C17D5" degrees="137.47" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="137.47">137.47°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 8 Aug. 1931; Imanishi leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Yamagata, Yonezawa, Shirabu-onsen;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="10FFD5AC656B7C419399351DEF0C8A5C" degrees="37.77646" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.77646">37.77646°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="47BFBF6D8FC98DF757B5CD8113E956F7" degrees="140.11964" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.11964">140.11964°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 888 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI.
|
||
<emphasis id="10B9D9DFB9C408154C94DF2EE7B20C07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Russia</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂; Saghalien [Far East, Sakhalin Oblast], Shimizu; 1922.07.27, T. Esaki leg.; USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4FAF975B916306AB82C45B75413364F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="1CDB95149B06E77BF353BB16277EC95A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F8BA35A31951BE94AB1EBD930240E99" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Colouration very variable, base colour whitish yellow to dark orange, with pale brown to black markings.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C2A2D6E2C9BC6A1E847F08F102522DC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9731080810A35AE8C2013D7DE0094F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Vertex and occiput with dark area, size variable among specimens, larger on "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAD927D0AC419B9FBB2CC0996A41539F" authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma borealis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C0E480659ADE9158FDA586E5ECBA2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" and "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2534423BB7E4DF13C51B8A1B16F7EA03" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="33AE6B6B58FE14E3DA8792285EB96B68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form; yellowish around eye (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="92C883F285007654D29DB8659981B519" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum short, yellow to brown, without nasus, but with tuft of hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3566A63E9417361A2EE0499E7AEE3A0F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3F, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palpus five segmented, last segment 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="45ABFCA71C1D98F23F2A424383866483" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than penultimate segment. Antenna yellowish brown to black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FADC342527D78C1CD3E0B23F83C5F9A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3F, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape short, as long as wide; pedicel short, subspherical to drop-shaped; flagellum 14 segmented (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC0B03EDCF99D54C05C200BF11679025" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flagellar segments simple in both sexes, not expanded ventrally, covered with dense, whitish setae (sensilla), especially in ventral side (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="558FE291E4AD349D0F8FB691157D4061" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C9E9157E50063CC04B745CD8223C4C9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); sensilla less dense in female; first flagellomere longer than second in both sexes; verticels black, relatively long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47000B082C7A4675B26DC528BEA1BBD3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="9706709BC5A2AA9382CF2C13ABE9F603" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BEA43666F6A6B5BDB009147923D1A96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D38DD8AE96C1330B0CC284DD501A7B60" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EBB1E5A0DAEF2CE2BA0D45C25DC2B63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis id="879781F8BF701AACB1479CB057AAD7B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact)
|
||
<emphasis id="95A4C29514C8D26F1A838817792C0C8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
thorax of male, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="EC04214FCA54ED056EA66C6A561CF7FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax dorsal view of pale "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD52B0403E32B62958F3D37BF15BC599" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="512F30D1CB06B195257FD98D45536072" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form
|
||
<emphasis id="3C3F711938587C697B622842D10116A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax dorsal view of dark, "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20F5F5C874B78AEC970929B73DCD4F68" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F98EB1FD9D5CA8EE56AEF6129FBED85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form
|
||
<emphasis id="83EFB9E41C891FFE9FDE569A0FC8CFD6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
head of female, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="08756A0E0AC2A818F1104C7148249987" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
head of male, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="9CA10627ADB6490F6A3FA9218B22A7C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
female terminalia lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1EFFC9C22E276AC99BD985958732A153" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="90AF3F142324BA1586D411477B3F7CD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6280A9E4A2DB67B76BDBB08D86070BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae
|
||
<emphasis id="4DE5C3F5129734CFA5FF35CD6DC5E0A8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADD3750EC8E85BD38212E954ECF98A1" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7A7E93345E52E8DFF0E26D5FDCBA403" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis id="B1EF4B92C7C6F9CBD3E5379A7E808C35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9241603E3E6B82175D7ECA82AACFA57A" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A53C10D38F93D785CA8D25B8859DCAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960
|
||
<emphasis id="392C62E2FA5A2CB9F57551C046A79429" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E45CA65DA95C75436726932EB90A19C3" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma glabrata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8525BFB64071DF3617E522FA31442C6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis id="F34F3CCFC272C78169ED973E1199EBA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5699F68D1EB410C8709DAC44BDCA3E1" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma mikado" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikado">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AC0D04FE25A7F76F74C37AB820E880D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma mikado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1919)
|
||
<emphasis id="365A884754DD76A3C6280A713A246DF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D11886DC54E355D6B0078E23ACC0CE6D" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF98E7C71FC9A734D964C12BBAC394C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1932
|
||
<emphasis id="7872ED925E9963B8C75712BBB0ED9E67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE16398099B8D38361026081532B6CE" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma serraticornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F99867284C3F208CC9A427E191F025D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma serraticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919
|
||
<emphasis id="DB99DD09615E01BAACC7A24841F5D0CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABBD048C4E15059F101CC054B8F930F" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A95817CFF827943293AF61947EA2F6FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CDD76C7D8C760907C15904F037C99DCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D881033C21DE1C64FB1D52CC6FC8DEE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Whitish yellow to dark orange, with contrasting black marks. Cervical sclerites brown to black. Pronotum pale in middle, darker laterally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E242E66904986981760DEAC82E59FF0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesonotal pattern variable, from three longitudinal, pale brown ("
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B006FC38FDE2327D356FECCD40A9DA3" authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="12A61BAE11A0A0FAA2CDFFC73D85AF29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form) to black (the typical "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5E09586821CE9722A95235054FB6232" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4D001F0A2E9490921621AB249EE5494" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="284968C8C7F83530C3B4B23293DB0172" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) markings to one large patch ("
|
||
<taxonomicName id="596B5E2F1807CBDC48457F7E6AB1D3D0" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED78D22E49EFBFC7E7D5F1050A9E6531" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C493E683AAD25983BCD6EB3189D040E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
); longitudinal mesonotal suture distinct, formed by deep groove (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="568D32205888DE3ADDD0FC0858F832AE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum yellow, triangular (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8E7383039440E9708C8C6EF61C5760F7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mediotergite yellow, posterior part black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8032D2084CD0E8381DF6C9F75FD1E391" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anepisternum and katepisternum separated, both darker ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="06DCC3ECEEE3257C145CA245208616A2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Katatergite yellow, black above posterior spiracle, with creases. Coxa base yellow to pale brown, apically yellow, trochanter yellowish (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="73F1610849555BB7DE875C2ADFFB369D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); femur and tibia yellowish, with distinct and wide, black ring at tip; tarsus uniformly black. Stem of halter yellow, knob usually darker. Wing hyaline, with yellowish brown to brown tinge; veins brown to black; pterostigma brown to black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="21CB8176A7F7EBC2B75118751525C12B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma kuwanai " form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma limbinervis " form." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); wing membrane with interference patterns, visible with dark background (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="56E363D9E29D81C61155D38D3FBFDA65" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four branches of M reaching wing margin. Cell a2 less than 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4254F45ED1AD78A4E002BB6377F1B576" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A0DE8EBC9C52CD1597D7DE2CC1CE6718" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="474E533977E9F5C0A6AD20A990FDC6DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="55CF7C40DF56231380463A2CBC21C577" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing
|
||
<emphasis id="48FB8D16A9ECE66C0A26609E31EE33B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DDE2CB77437FF6680F6995D4FB211BB" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D8225A628249F9566236B41A01297F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis id="3E5B74AA1071D59A79C32B02C61C17C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="415BCC1339BEB8B852D29E0AFCDF96F0" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A990B81C977086E79A4E5A36B08EE834" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960
|
||
<emphasis id="2A6D20B317F112CDC9E9377AEC677F38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9057BAE4AB357C5C65DCEB71A557238A" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma glabrata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C6E7185F0E6C4BEBE619D1B9BC1A39E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis id="C83E230E114366FCC740686FDAE703EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="019446ABA0AAD7097392C5E572951FE1" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma mikado" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikado">
|
||
<emphasis id="3590D88F3E395FC8BCA777B3129597A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma mikado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1919)
|
||
<emphasis id="284F11F962AD9B165047BFD4883B5428" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C308E957ABAF9BA8FA92F8BC003E9BD" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BA698D0A9D0D1ADE2C0F2EAB2A20E5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1932
|
||
<emphasis id="11B84BFB584CC2ACEC36D9E229D4D376" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D0230124F3EE8804A8FCC6EE0BF69A5" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma serraticornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E37CC499591B86BFF920B90F83DA178" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma serraticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919
|
||
<emphasis id="70409944C56517D648B9C9D3D41F2FAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC5E613139715BA46173DB3D6F0C49A5" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBEC8EED3113EE67E8B3419DE786217D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1913) of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF8ECF63095DCCC4823F007E7E3C96E" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D624D5EA972B7D9AAAC0F058A718624" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form
|
||
<emphasis id="E20493DDF0EDE620B2523A3CCBE348D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AD95E53726F910EEDE44AD8BEE262CB" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis id="9990624FC502F018D929535819F6D993" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1913) of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A2D847C4BB413594D9DC5AE301024CE" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma limbinervis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbinervis">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B5235E70595B90F49B7A7DDBC8DC31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma limbinervis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA2DCC6035BB4C61707E10ABAB631A43" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C55DC7FFD4F71502FBC68996D164EA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Yellow ("
|
||
<taxonomicName id="641CB91D1B289062BF4518166875B861" authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="28022CF6A9F1FF717EB72DC839D24B7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form) to almost black ("
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6932B5F9A62093CBEF61490CBF8D85AF" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="99F8BAB9FCF27495A26D662D38CEDA20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form); gradually lightening caudally, without clear pattern or with narrow longitudinal line medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9FDB664B0BE7F00D02EBE834C53F8274" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA10C79259FFAD0E672C58929076171B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Black, directed dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EACBC3FE7A5975461199D51CACA78D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 partly fused with gonocoxite (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA18484463B59CC6383DF8904B4D60AE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Caudal margin of tergite 9 with deep V-shaped notch at middle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2C176EBA5C4EC259B3F762818D266779" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior edge of tergite 9 forming dorsal and ventral portion in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D197854C71D66115DE1D40BD00DFA3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
), shapes variable among specimens. Gonocoxite fused with sternite 9 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F23C56E11AD1A467FB6DC70F3E7E5666" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonocoxite with ventral crescent-shaped lobe (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5E58BA2105C78598142E9559A93AD2D4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
: vl); apical lobe of gonocoxite (al) prominent, well separated, directed inward; both ventral and inner lateral margins sclerotised, shape variable (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B701F8D6EA1AA56F81C3D6DC8D52C96F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonostylus undivided; twisted, widening in caudal view, shape variable among and within population(s) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D36EDBDBE256E38EFA37D9858BEB74EA" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
, Japan; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="58589A8666C3C1E02339767C135CA25A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
, Finland). Interbase small, without membranous or sclerotised lobe between interbases (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0728F4883F66DE4B0830B0E68BFDD330" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus dorsoventrally flattened, gently curved dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AB9EDD38AA8E4F8A20560658A7D7B3C9" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6J</figureCitation>
|
||
), gradually narrowing to tip, shape variable among and within population(s) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="05CF234A13DDDD0115334A08D4A7496E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6H, I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
, Japan; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D791E3D98E0719F5D3D262E84FAE700" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6M</figureCitation>
|
||
, Finland); tip divided into three short, nearly equal tubes in last 1/4 of its length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="42F990F161845A13C969A92F2250EBCC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines on lateral branch of aedeagus small, indistinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="016D9F3F8418D6FE57F39672FF878C20" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4618A73B08ADDBC37A9578967D6A7DF0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="6CD0EA7CC5A14BDDF9AC8D0D900867B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="E696C4C6A5E8954469952ADAF29124B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genital structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F4F7A4CB6BDF70A790862D34E03AE7B" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="83340D163B2B670DAE886F3598710224" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818) (
|
||
<emphasis id="42C908B4D419C5B30E15D257BD56E08E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A-M</emphasis>
|
||
), in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BB7563CE55BEA92E6CD3DD9E3B202A5" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA320F0A83EA914CECE246FA10670DF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865 (
|
||
<emphasis id="1073C8BD3F98D8519DB6E2E30A9845F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">N-P</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A586908BC148B64B16C2880E0B461290" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="31D04F01CEAE7354B753D03A60E3B58F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="17BA692B7A3EE65655F398D4FB749553" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="A82CE4651F09A4C6C6875910C649A510" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis id="58084EBAF0ADFA26CD0855F2AC19FEF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland)
|
||
<emphasis id="EB8B131194BAA5C44812DB3A4A3409C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis id="3C284400A61C5C5FB65C2E3962FD2ED0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland
|
||
<emphasis id="849CBE3EBC686B67B58BE98B2D3248F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus complex, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="0E4DE1ED322B03FCBC12733B12B36207" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus complex, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="B23E084F6E89A3FF1AF748D34EC60807" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus complex, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="DF1C499CE7D3CBBE47C1EF5B21147FDC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
tip of the aedeagus
|
||
<emphasis id="BD371CFF6DE8AF0F89D96F44F7D15F7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the aedeagus (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis id="9866DAFB8C78D8F36A2466C808D3A5B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">M</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the aedeagus (Finland);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="658E21113DD46A6E3FB58457C323DB8D" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF2830BBFE88C909AEB5E73C4E8D3A13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken
|
||
<emphasis id="1AAA8A94E533E503ADB92A89F3B63580" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
apical lobe of the gonocoxite
|
||
<emphasis id="E341984BCA8A5114DF5CA6CAA7250AAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">O</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the gonostylus caudal view
|
||
<emphasis id="2AEC5B15AFC243012FEBABFDFF4A7B0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s9 - sternite 9; t9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1F4889B43CC52501FFF90BE27A32C6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3CF421A3CA739BDA45A78870DE18F79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Brown to black, strongly sclerotised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9908C0E6934B7D104D047E8C41E43AF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 8 separated in middle by membranous area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="793E7F9DCE83104E952465D22173859D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 larger than tergite 8 in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F10F98F95FC9786BFD975F5CC7B8409A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 10 with elongated Y-shaped projection, shape variable among specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="24D6EC52E946284713FD0DA3125C916F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
, Japan; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C333F8FDB7C00412B98F6FA93796039D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
, Russia (Krasnodar Krai), Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1F4148F55F64CFCFCCE2045412649738" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
, Finland). Cercus with serrate, cutting edge on inner-dorsal surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7ADC08CEC633A8B502AD12EFA116A984" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypogynial valve on dorsal side with bulbous or triangular projection near middle, shape variable within specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4C04AC63F4A0F846340FAC9415B2EC9" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal part of hypogynial valve narrowing to tip. Three, relatively large spermathecae present, diameter ~ 0.15-0.2 of wide of sternite 8; duct of spermatheca straight or curved (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D0DB59915A527623DE354E11812480F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sperm ducts simple, without darkened areas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79F5F6235E36ED179E826CB4E04A23B5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite 10 with a small notch at tip, less sclerotised at midline (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5AD69184A6612A8B54A579A923E4412" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BF3554217BCCF3F114E2E6A0C90AA17" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="A5D4184A7D5FDBBA2B27BC4AF035BB95" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="55CCF138466C5346F539DC5649724B4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genital structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="812C5EB99C44C7286145E9B7789AE440" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B38E509C22EF4FF8A5C22F7427C73282" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818) (
|
||
<emphasis id="9B8CEC5C3CE3BDE7229FC9288B5938D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A-J</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71B9ACAB50EEE436FCFB8FA98FBBFD5A" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8F42D5BBF35ACB95DEE37EC94CD26640" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865 (
|
||
<emphasis id="5D73CA88324A44DFC52D3D43B0F409CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="E42074A135517461720AFD5058046AB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C7F6600B63B941E2AA3AC4407F3393" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="E1E1A606E13181471539328CB15257E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia)
|
||
<emphasis id="309010A52F9644963E5CA7D0991D5C89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland)
|
||
<emphasis id="59352514332DE5E0EBA1DC6D397C4ABA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="637F4E5C9EBBEBD2DB082FC4DD7BF527" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve
|
||
<emphasis id="E0F9DFDDAA8F74D78850683285192F90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
sternite 10
|
||
<emphasis id="74637BAA0C3516841BDE15E72CB2AD42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
genital opening and sperm ducts
|
||
<emphasis id="DB66E9E3B30DF2333A86EFE47C9C972A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecae (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis id="825B2E165FAD28AB308186633A6C8E76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecae (Finland)
|
||
<emphasis id="194685D04D187EE8155527E6CA9DBCF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0CE5ADCA2FC52B662360E67B034FBDE" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B83D62022C307647D18360AD6E92C896" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t8 - tergite 8; t9 - tergite 9; t10 - tergite 10; t10s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t10ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s8 - stergite 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B87BA8B0843BF5DC4DA2A8D98A55F6A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C057DBB1D5EA7778C49029AA3E118CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39872F51BB222CF0713B6AE612776975" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Widely distributed species in Palearctic, known from: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (North European territory, Central European territory, South European territory, West Siberia (Altay), Far East (Kamchatka Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast (incl. Kuril I), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Turkey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BCFEE8299D7D8E2A910D1730751C64C8" author="Paramonov, NM" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="6 - 8" refId="B45" refString="Paramonov, NM, Lobkova, LE, 2013. New host plants for larvae of Cylindrotoma distinctissima distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae). Far Eastern Entomologist 258: 6 - 8" title="New host plants for larvae of Cylindrotoma distinctissima distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae)." volume="258" year="2013">Paramonov and Lobkova 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F515D80DBC4B15372E4AB5934683B9D8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.20.1.07" author="Devyatkov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Euroasian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="49 - 51" refId="B21" refString="Devyatkov, VI, 2021. Data on the crane fly fauna of the families Cylindrotomidae, Ptychopteridae and Tanyderidae (Diptera) of eastern and northeastern Kazakhstan. Euroasian Entomological Journal 20: 49 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.20.1.07" title="Data on the crane fly fauna of the families Cylindrotomidae, Ptychopteridae and Tanyderidae (Diptera) of eastern and northeastern Kazakhstan." url="https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.20.1.07" volume="20" year="2021">Devyatkov 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="39E2F12B84C72F03F8DD24322785A503" author="Oosterbroek, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" refId="B39" refString="Oosterbroek, P, 2021. Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera, Tipuloidea). https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" title="Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera, Tipuloidea)." url="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" year="2021">Oosterbroek 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACEB4E75ABAA0AB915828BCA0FFFC41" lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="90A926F7C97854675321631206719DCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C31D675D19A15EE49954C80755F6B66" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1A6AE257C44F76143BFA1327A94AE93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Mongolia and Japan (Hokkaido I, Honshu I, and Kyushu I) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A45FDE731FD94463A24CFAB9D6549F91" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) and D. caudata Takahashi, 1960. Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data. Green dot indicate approximate location of type locality of D. caudata Takahashi, 1960." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637481" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50046FD0D7E06DBD2BFA83DD7DD1C3B1" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637481" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="E84FD611A9DAD389A95479E7DC5BAB51" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="8B6B5ADB72E4A1B5057016577663DF0D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of
|
||
<emphasis id="91925C54924894478C286481873EF213" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="328E26CD740993C3221ADC2E4DCEC9C6" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3328750E64626D3007D364445E38A58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis id="B6189BA17F115935D23E9E754DB3F37F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9B3B1854E59E93C89526CD8125FF7E" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma glabrata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A1F4EE6B214699991516C6B6EF43278" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A68919D0D235A0A545EE180AC14E4C3" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D96F06EDC33A9E9EA5822F3C036BA13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D. caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960. Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data. Green dot indicate approximate location of type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A67708586792172EC7049EC48C1BC94F" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4131445D2E11FE4CEDC2E8C5E70FA9FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D. caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="551911149F6D9EE3C925C861E9B89F58" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="762549C3CB03DA1B7BC35FAA38867E9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35BA8CCFF2BC5C46135AE0320F008CDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The species was originally described 250 years ago from Europe, where it is among the most widespread of cylindrotomines. The colour polymorphisms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0E6901E03B422E311462DAD6E6A92D6" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="8459B55A96C9123B4C1DBE69B646BA78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described as separate species or subspecies.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="39B776BF60325017E6B01B2ACAF54E81" author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated three subspecies, the nominate subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A70308E19617D08FB2F09269403E710" lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C315CF2FE9C022A1943BED41F91A147" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818), widespread in Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBBCCE7EE98E2415B6D8936FCF0FA944" lsidName="C. d. subsp. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2FCF121A9D6FBD33F3EC0CB6C2ABE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952 from Norway, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B8380C4BCAB758797C1CD454699089F" lsidName="C. d. subsp. alpestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="98AE0B6864370AA78911BF4F08598267" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952 from Italian Alps. Later,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DD5510F763C9074D154526F95215618" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma d. subsp. borealis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="907FD5964890A04BCFCBEF440BA4A56D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma d. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was raised to species rank based on the generally darker habitus and slightly different genital characters (Salmela and Autio 2007). As the COI gene
|
||
<normalizedToken id="05E522E1E6DD646F40CAF94F7184ED6A" originalValue="sequence’s">sequence's</normalizedToken>
|
||
genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="435931C424001337ED0E5DD12C8D65C7" lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3BFD90E2BE0812318DE0ECE52086C75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4135F82E5E08373E3C41B8E49A1E64FC" lsidName="C. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C99B2235D58F540B462308DE906439F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was low, the species was later synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D033D4BA1637A720270B942BDD44FBA" lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FDBB3BD730EB3733100BA97D455920D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Salmela 2013). In our ML tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3BE3FB14C0C7BFB31E459E67C31C3F8" lsidName="C. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC146EA1B14428322669A454A9615008" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences were also not separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC7F1122D945C9CAAC5B171F2F4B889B" lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A35D1A4657D9020C250799516E79A40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98780F6B1D1A33EBAB03F5EC27CF620F" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma d. subsp. alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="02AC2A6717F7A02CEE0D88A342312399" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma d. alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as species in CCW (2018-2021), because it showed the sympatric distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="510C2A2C09C985A75EB7C3B0B3631B82" lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="112EBB9DB8753F723C910F5B906B1914" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Alps (Italy). This subspecies was designated based on very pale colouration, compared with the nominative subspecies, but the male terminalia does not show any differentiation, which was highlighted in the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0E1FC904BA5688508A2BE76FE41EEB4" author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Peus noted that this subspecies maybe just a local colour variation, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EECAA54DE0863465413EF2E00C13ECD5" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B775C2B8E60106F1D0381D7DD4F21B3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens showed colour polymorphisms, especially in mountain specimens (as noted by the personal experience of N. Paramonov), but there is no genital differentiation between the two species, and therefore we synonymise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE920CC1F86DC9EBA771C4960406CEF4" lsidName="C. d. subsp. alpestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B05BC3A817EAF56C685D50D69FB71512" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
syn. nov. with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3586834268CC7C256291155583C94ED5" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AE8E882D8A09744CEEAE281450B5568" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CFBF679FF4DEE0BC04CE3C3282A31103" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Another species related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71EE35100A59A9A3D6DE85AC6C3C13A6" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D637DC21E72A551F2B844B9B2BA7710" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Japan. The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30BA942C321AA8547487553997324741" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="60CD1497EF53601F47D1DBF2E6DF3CE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919, was based on the darker colouration of the thorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="244309E9FECE0FBF659A5ECF20211D52" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60EC8ED54387F06701E2070C288A9280" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="327 - 348" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, CP, 1919. Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 12: 327 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" title="Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" volume="12" year="1919">Alexander 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The rank of this species was first questioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="182C2DD8AEEEB73B26BA3B3EC6126283" author="Paramonov, NM" editor="Leley, AS" journalOrPublisher="6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="887 - 889" refId="B43" refString="Paramonov, NM, 2006. Cylindrotomidae. In: Leley, AS, Ed., Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. 6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 887 - 889" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the Insects of Russian Far East." year="2006">Paramonov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who referred to it as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41AF326AC178A4780CEE767C98A0110E" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D44D25EF7EEA11186D158BCB37C0E441" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his identification key of The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5826CE86436A7F6FD2956E3A1D0F6D7" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Far East Russia. Our morphological and genetic comparisons suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64839190A0C114482F3989A7978158CF" lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="360DF1C245F96086D54EA980C7000B0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not differ significantly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BCA5DEB40209FD90895E4C3808D2839" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="158ED55C7CAD0FA52CD1D688DA93090D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even at the subspecies level. The colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FA24EEB626501780A680D07E7C68CD" lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B13DAE029EB66F1E4175682AE7BE7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a high level of variability in Japan. The specimens collected in Hokkaido Island, have, typically, three separated black marks on the mesonotum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="677B27A6EEB95BA88237B3B7035F04FD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small genital differences occur between the typical examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41928E7328278ED77C928305485E3E84" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="9961CED76BCF51C76FCEA004674BFDCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="580D853812B3F3F77A234EE1BCC1DB4E" lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F2EA41CCF15E7E74170474E0CEC5E92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the shape of the apical gonocoxal lobe (rectangular in Japanese specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD3A3C6BE2D0877B7863DB76B0C15D9D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and less sclerotised and rounded in studied European specimens Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A423EB7971D88924196A512CCD10A48D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), the shape of aedeagus (evenly narrowing in Japanese specimens Figure
|
||
<figureCitation id="803966E7984B5B200A1DD849CD51F2F0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6L</figureCitation>
|
||
, and broader at the middle in examined European specimens Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8E35CC2F02D6ADAFBBF28D9A60F93681" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6M</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as the shape of the gonostylus in caudal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="90D316ACC38B4466B051F742BC15506A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, these also show variability amongst specimens (see illustrations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="330520AC63745D24B617647CB3EAB5CC" author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 27; Salmela and Autio 2007; figs 1e, 2b, e).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="158B8B035A41A75F2E3511454427314B" author="Ujvarosi, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Romanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="47 - 50" refId="B64" refString="Ujvarosi, L, Kolcsar, LP, Vaida, R, 2011. Additions to the Cylindrotomidae (Insecta, Diptera) fauna of Bulgaria and Romania. Entomologica Romanica 16: 47 - 50" title="Additions to the Cylindrotomidae (Insecta, Diptera) fauna of Bulgaria and Romania." volume="16" year="2011">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6789A04522BD704212E77D1F96B26D34" originalValue="Ujvárosi">Ujvarosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2) illustrated the high variability level of the ventral lobe of the gonocoxite in Bulgarian and Romanian populations in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E8A5A05A15F0F349C2CFA973D981870" lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E3A04A77469B61EC8695DAAF0C1C2F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we did not find that similar variability in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03259B74FA323EB94C10CAFE982A8688" lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAF53FD8AECF43F3818FD298ABD88D13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7911C77504FE2212CB610DF39F6BC8B9" lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="4081A6C984A00A00B12D7ACE6CBAC694" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
syn. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9239BAC18CCBF0EC28772139EF5FC7BA" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="02364EBE7AB304DD7C3BB745A1F5CA02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are now synonymised based on the high colour variability level, the minimal genital differences, and the small genetic differentiation between the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB853DE175E0D5FF26D587AEBA8C162E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="272F2EB2C9CDA43975F709B764FB7739" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B567EDA36FE75B00AA2B949729F38E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described from the Nearctic, which are related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C78C2670E2CB93EB65E9BD5332EC5ADA" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD10CEA2AAD0EFA4576FD3874947919D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="397422A64252D4614AB36EA429F1F0DC" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D674E6BCD5D638A1833CCF34A0315978" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5928614F08B3621DD274E904F6F8BEDA" lsidName="C. juncta" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="juncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD14D73167CA0137D7959A28B109F180" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. juncta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coquillett, 1900,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B74CB4352D2BF882A9547C1BF9A506B5" lsidName="C. splendens" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFE3655127E3C8E520689606B2C854FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Doane, 1900, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD180158C331425FB4DA5DD451B0866B" lsidName="C. pallescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A82C7CBACA8E55362B9EF6BE0C1268BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1931. After the revision of North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A75E0A5CFD4E999B29880BB502B14DE7" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these later three species were synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5549E655FC768F68CCCF07E636C7C6B" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="A7D6589E7DE9BA34891F4C24918591A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the latter species was treated as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="497ABA2F2429BD4719171435F860C66A" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="2584EF0780B8112230F5D288582B57FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9A62D47508A00801A45346C8F7467A7" lsidName="C. distinctissima subsp. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F958D8701014A82653F07682ABA02937" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865, as their male terminalia were highly similar to each other (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7B6EE236BA80C235F1367FFB86A942C" author="Brodo, F" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="71 - 115" refId="B17" refString="Brodo, F, 1967. A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 47: 71 - 115" title="A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="47" year="1967">Brodo 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Molecular analysis shows a relatively high (~ 4.6%) genetic distance between the Nearctic and Palearctic subspecies, and a slight genital difference between these two clades was found in our study (see below the comparative diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96E0C81C4F74866DE78184D59DCA242A" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFCEC270077702FF1C11203FF9CE4C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Based upon the two
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A67FFFF52980C49025628DCFBF210186" originalValue="subspecies’">subspecies'</normalizedToken>
|
||
genetic and geographic separation, the two subspecies are now raised to species rank,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D74D92E5C3D6E88239070F6DE30C898" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA55E9670F5C1791D8EF211493AA8230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stat. reval. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89AB1C279B56C9739B2CDE621742A4C3" lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E4B1C805B9482FE84510E970ECB9022" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2C51A063D9413E206BF02D4B7838EB3" lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="575DE3CA11FDD605649F9DCBA638BD42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows an additional molecular differentiation, as specimens from Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada were found to belong to a separate barcode BIN (BOLD:ABA1601), and the remaining sequences, both from western and eastern parts of North America represent another barcode BIN (BOLD:AAV1805). The phylogenetic relationship between these clades is not resolved in the molecular tree and lowly supported (Bootstrap: 65) in our analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |