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<mods:title id="3A6D8104C18D20A15A3990B64C623B2F">Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera</mods:title>
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<heading id="6C103F05FFD131659786FF4FBFD807BA" bold="true" box="[151,698,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD131659786FF4FBFD807BA" ID-CoL="5P4VK" authority="Thiele, 1898" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,698,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="hilgendorfi" variety="granosa">
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<emphasis id="0593547BFFD131659786FF4FBC1E07B9" bold="true" box="[151,380,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geodia hilgendorfi</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD1316596ABFF4FBF7E07BA" bold="true" box="[442,540,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">granosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFD131659533FF4FBFD807BA" author="Thiele, J." box="[546,698,151,177]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref107574" refString="Thiele, J. (1898) Studien ¸ ber pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica, Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie. Stuttgart, 24 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I - VIII. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9095971] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106767" type="journal article" year="1898">Thiele, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFD131659786FF63BD9E07DD" box="[151,252,187,214]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="37588869FFD131659786FF63BD9E07DD" blockId="54.[151,698,151,214]" box="[151,252,187,214]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
(
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFD13165978EFF63BD9607DD" box="[159,244,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,181,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-18@49.[259,1328,181,1726]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Axinella profunda var. kurushima Tanita, 1961: pl. IV fig. 14, B. Raspailia fruticosa var. tenuiramosa Dendy, 1905: pl. VIII fig. 5, C. Acanthella aculeata var. inconspicua Thiele, 1898: 54, pl. III fig. 6, D. Hymeraphia geniculata Topsent, 1892: 115, pl. I fig. 13, EF. Ancorina radix f. nanosclera Lévi, 1967, E. habitus pl. XVIII fig. 3, F. spicules text-fig. 13, GH. Craniella cranium f. microspira Lévi, 1967, G. habitus pl. XIX fig. 2, H. spicules text-fig. 19, I. Craniella globosa var. anamonaena Tanita, 1968: text-fig. 15, J. Discodermia emarginata var. lamellaris Wilson, 1925: pl. 43 fig. 5, K. Geodia ataxastra var. angustana Von Lendenfeld, 1910: pl. 44 fig. 25, L. Geodia hilgendorfi var. granosa Thiele, 1898: pl. VI figs. 4ik, M. Geodia japonica var. spherulifera Wilson, 1925: pl. 38 fig. 1, N. Geodia megastrella var. laevispina Carter, 1876: pl. XVI fig. 47." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494192/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFD131659786FED8BF1D0613" author="Thiele, J." box="[151,639,256,280]" page="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1898">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD131659786FED8BF1D0613" ID-CoL="5P4VK" authority="Thiele, 1898: 9" authorityName="Thiele" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,639,256,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="hilgendorfi" variety="granosa">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD131659786FED8BC3B0613" box="[151,345,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geodia hilgendorfi</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD13165969AFED8BCBC061C" box="[395,478,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">granosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFD1316596F5FED8BF1D0613" author="Thiele, J." box="[484,639,256,280]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref107574" refString="Thiele, J. (1898) Studien ¸ ber pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica, Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie. Stuttgart, 24 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I - VIII. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9095971] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106767" type="journal article" year="1898">Thiele, 1898: 9</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 6 figs. 4ik.
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The variety was described by Thiele from Enoshima,
<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFD1316595E2FE9EBE54066B" box="[755,822,326,352]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
, approximate coordinates
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFD13165934CFE9EB9DE066A" box="[1117,1212,326,353]" degrees="35.28" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="555" value="35.28">35.28°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFD1316593D2FE9EB84D066B" box="[1219,1327,326,352]" degrees="139.48" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="555" value="139.48">139.48°E</geoCoordinate>
, no depth data reported. Two (wet) specimens were collected by Hilgendorf, the third specimen was borrowed from the D̂derlein collection from the Strassbourg Museum. The Museum f̧r Naturkunde in Berlin holds
<specimenCount id="21E143E0FFD1316593F9FE56B8FF06A3" box="[1256,1437,398,424]" count="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD1316597A4FE6ABCEB06C7" ID-CoL="6KC8R" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[181,393,434,460]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD1316597A4FE6ABCEB06C7" box="[181,393,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geodia hilgendorfi</emphasis>
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lacking varietal names, ZMB 952, 2179, and 6664. The name
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD13165932CFE6AB87006C7" ID-CoL="6KC8R" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[1085,1298,434,460]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD13165932CFE6AB87006C7" box="[1085,1298,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geodia hilgendorfi</emphasis>
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is not found among the
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specimens listed in the Strassbourg Museum catalogue. It remains to be established which of the extant specimens represents the
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD131659514FE22BFF0051F" ID-CoL="5P4VK" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[517,658,506,532]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="hilgendorfi" variety="granosa">
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD131659527FE23BFF0051F" box="[566,658,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">granosa</emphasis>
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. In Thieles description of
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD1316594D7FE22B904051F" ID-CoL="6KC8R" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[966,1126,506,532]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD1316594D7FE22B904051F" box="[966,1126,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">G. hilgendorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the varietal name
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD131659251FE23B8FE051F" box="[1344,1436,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">granosa</emphasis>
is cursorily mentioned in the last line (p. 9), and the name appears in the legend of plate 6 as fig. 4ik (the other spicules drawn in
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFD131659679FD9ABCB10557" box="[360,467,578,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,181,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-18@37.[155,1431,181,1570]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 4. AB. Haliclona digitata Tanita &amp; Hoshino, 1989, A. habitus pl. 15 fig. 5, B. skeleton textfig. 97, C. Isodictya simulans var. incrustans Carter, 1887: pl. 6 fig. 2, DG. Petrosia testudinaria var. fistulophora Wilson, 1925, DF. habitus pl. 40 fig. 5, pl. 41 figs. 12, G. spicules pl. 48 fig. 8, H. Petrosia truncata var. aruensis Hentschel, 1912: pl. XXI fig. 51, I. Protoschmidtia foraminosa f. aurantiaca Czerniavsky, 1880: pl. I (V) figs. 67, J. Reniera informis var. taurica Czerniavsky, 1880: pl. I (V) fig. 5a, K. Reniera palmata var. taurica Czerniavsky, 1880: pl. I (V) figs. 1, L. Toxochalina multiformis Pulitzer- Finali, 1986: fig. 84." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494186/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4ah</figureCitation>
are from the typical variety). The difference with the typical variety is primarily the shape of the oxyasters, thick-centered spheraster-like in the typical variety, longer-rayed, less spheraster-like in the
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD131659786FD52BC4705AF" ID-CoL="5P4VK" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,293,650,676]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="hilgendorfi" variety="granosa">
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD1316597D8FD53BC4705AF" box="[201,293,651,676]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">granosa</emphasis>
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. The difference seems small (Thiele himself noted that also) and because the two varieties occurred sympatrically I propose to merge them into a single species
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFD131659427FD76B9C105C3" ID-CoL="6KC8R" authority="Thiele, 1898" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[822,1187,686,712]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFD131659427FD76B96E05C3" box="[822,1036,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geodia hilgendorfi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFD131659302FD76B9C105C3" author="Thiele, J." box="[1043,1187,686,712]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref107574" refString="Thiele, J. (1898) Studien ¸ ber pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica, Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie. Stuttgart, 24 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I - VIII. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9095971] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106767" type="journal article" year="1898">Thiele, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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.
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