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<mods:title id="A5470933268828588ACDA2C1FAB6CDB6">Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="BF4E397FFFBA310E9786FEB7BFEB030A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF4E397FFFBA310E9786FEB7BFEB030A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF4E397FFFBA310E9786FEB7BFEB030A" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="6C103F05FFBA310E9786FEB7BFB00683" bold="true" box="[151,722,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9786FEB7BFB00683" authority="Carter, 1876" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,722,366,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="ciliata" variety="spinispiculum">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9786FEB7BFB00683" bold="true" box="[151,722,366,393]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9786FEB7BC2A0682" bold="true" box="[151,328,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Grantia ciliata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9697FEB6BF520682" bold="true" box="[390,560,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">spinispiculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E9526FEB6BFB00683" author="Carter, H. J." box="[567,722,366,392]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="107" refId="ref90928" refString="Carter, H. J. (1876) Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 18 (105, 106, 107 &amp; 108), 226 - 240 + 307 - 324 + 388 - 410 &amp; 458 - 479, pls. XII - XVI. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 24295349] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608682078" type="journal article" year="1876">Carter, 1876</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFBA310E9786FE4BBC6B06A6" box="[151,265,403,429]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="37588869FFBA310E9786FE4BBC6B06A6" blockId="93.[151,722,366,429]" box="[151,265,403,429]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
(
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFBA310E978EFE4BBC6306A6" box="[159,257,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[221,1356,187,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-18@87.[221,1366,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 10. A. Suberites microstomus var. stellatus Kirkpatrick, 1908: pl. XV figs. 10, 13, B. Suberites rugosa Kim &amp; Sim, 2021: fig. 7, C. Suberites tortuosa var. austral Cuartas, 1986: fig. 14, D. Leucosolenia blanca var. bathybia Poléjaeff, 1883: pl. I fig. 2, E. Leucosolenia blanca var. brevicaulis Topsent, 1936: fig. 4, F. Grantia ciliata var. spinispiculum; Carter, 1884: pl. VIII, G–I. Leucandra donnani var. tenuiradiata Dendy, 1916, G–H. habitus pl. I figs. 4a–b, I. spicules pl. II figs. 9a–d, J. Leucandra gossei var. mahonica Topsent, 1937b: fig. 1, K. Leucandra regina var. regularis Brøndsted, 1927b: fig. 12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494206/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFBA310E9786FE00BEC60526" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="17F7AF47FFBA310E9786FE00B90E06E4" box="[151,1132,471,495]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFBA310E9786FE00BFC406E4" author="Carter, H. J." box="[151,678,471,495]" page="468" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" year="1876">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9786FE00BFC406E4" authority="Carter, 1876: 468" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="468" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,678,471,495]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Grantia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="ciliata" variety="spinispiculum">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9786FE00BC4D06E4" box="[151,303,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Grantia ciliata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9671FE0FBC8F06E4" box="[352,493,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">spinispiculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E96E5FE0FBFC406E4" author="Carter, H. J." box="[500,678,471,495]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="107" refId="ref90928" refString="Carter, H. J. (1876) Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 18 (105, 106, 107 &amp; 108), 226 - 240 + 307 - 324 + 388 - 410 &amp; 458 - 479, pls. XII - XVI. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 24295349] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608682078" type="journal article" year="1876">Carter, 1876: 468</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. XII figs. 6–8;
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFBA310E9470FE0FB96D06E4" author="Carter, H. J." box="[865,1039,471,495]" page="153" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E9470FE0FB96D06E4" author="Carter, H. J." box="[865,1039,471,495]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="153 - 163" refId="ref91365" refString="Carter, H. J. (1884) On Grantia ciliata, var. spinispiculum, Crt. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 13 (XVIII), 153 - 163, pl. VIII. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27554307] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938409487403" type="journal article" year="1884">Carter 1884: 153</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. VIII.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37588869FFBA310E9786FE2EBFB40505" blockId="93.[151,1132,471,557]" box="[151,726,502,526]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17F7AF47FFBA310E9786FE2EBFB40505" box="[151,726,502,526]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9786FE2EBFB40505" authority="Fristedt 1885: 11" authorityName="Fristedt" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,726,502,526]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="coronata" variety="spinispiculum">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9786FE2EBC3A0505" box="[151,344,502,526]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sycandra coronata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E969BFE2EBF750505" box="[394,535,502,526]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">spinispiculum</emphasis>
;
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFBA310E9535FE2EBFB10505" author="Fristedt, K." box="[548,723,502,526]" page="11" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E9535FE2EBFB10505" author="Fristedt, K." box="[548,723,502,526]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref95908" refString="Fristedt, K. (1885) Bidrag till Kannedomen om de vid Sveriges vestra Kust lefvande Spongiae. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 21, 1 - 56, pls. I - IV. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34284509]" type="journal article" year="1885">Fristedt 1885: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37588869FFBA310E9786FDCDBEC60526" blockId="93.[151,1132,471,557]" box="[151,932,532,557]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17F7AF47FFBA310E9786FDCDBEC60526" box="[151,932,532,557]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9786FDCDBC8E0527" ID-CoL="5RQ8D" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[151,492,532,556]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="ciliatum" variety="spinispiculum">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9786FDCDBC4F0527" box="[151,301,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sycon ciliatum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E964EFDCCBC8E0527" box="[351,492,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">spinispiculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Arndt 1935: 11, fig. 13;
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFBA310E95FDFDCCBEC20526" author="Alander, H." box="[748,928,532,557]" page="83" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E95FDFDCCBEC20526" author="Alander, H." box="[748,928,532,557]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref87309" refString="Alander, H. (1942) Sponges from the Swedish west-coast and adjacent waters. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Lund, H. Struves, Goteborg, 95 pp, 15 pls." type="book" year="1942">Alander 1942: 83</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="37588869FFBA310E9786FD83BFEB030A" blockId="93.[151,1437,603,1025]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
The variety was described by Carter from
<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFBA310E9565FD83BFBB057E" box="[628,729,603,629]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Shetland</collectingCountry>
,
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, depth
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(
<typeStatus id="E85C36CBFFBA310E93A3FD83B874057E" box="[1202,1302,603,629]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
three slides made by Carter, BMNH 1954.3.9.615, 616 &amp; 622). The typical variety described by
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E9390FDA7B8140592" author="Fabricius, O." box="[1153,1398,639,665]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref95611" refString="Fabricius, O. (1780) Fauna Groenlandica: systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata, quod nomen specificium. Impensis Ioannis Gottlob Rothe, Hafniae et Lipsiae, xvi + 452 pp. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40539354]" type="book" year="1780">Fabricius (1780: 448</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9786FD7BBD9105B6" ID-CoL="84TSR" box="[151,243,675,701]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9786FD7BBD9105B6" box="[151,243,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Spongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFBA310E9655FD7BBCDB05B6" box="[324,441,675,701]" name="Greenland" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Greenland</collectingCountry>
(no further locality data, type material lost, cf.
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E94CBFD7BB9C205B6" author="Rapp, H. T." box="[986,1184,674,701]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1395 - 1459" refId="ref104020" refString="Rapp, H. T. (2015) A monograph of the calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) of Greenland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1395 - 1459. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001070" type="journal article" year="2015">Rapp 2015: 1418</bibRefCitation>
) is largely similar but differs in the absence of the characteristic spined diactines protruding from the distal cones. Also the radial tubes are almost entirely fused in the variety
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9570FD33BF9F040E" box="[609,765,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">spinispiculum</emphasis>
, whereas the typical variety has them almost entirely free from each other. Although the cited authors did not attempt to identify the variety with any of the known Northeast Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E97EAFCEBBCF90446" box="[251,411,819,845]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E97EAFCEBBC5C0446" box="[251,318,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sycon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E96B8FCEBBF210446" author="Carter, H. J." box="[425,579,819,845]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="153 - 163" refId="ref91365" refString="Carter, H. J. (1884) On Grantia ciliata, var. spinispiculum, Crt. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 13 (XVIII), 153 - 163, pl. VIII. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27554307] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938409487403" type="journal article" year="1884">Carter (1884)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the structure and spicule shapes and size data could not be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9669FC8FBF80047A" ID-CoL="53LTV" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[376,738,855,881]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9669FC8FBF52047A" box="[376,560,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sycon raphanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E952AFC8FBF80047A" author="Schmidt, O." box="[571,738,855,881]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref105705" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, viii + 88 pp., 7 pls. [https: // books. google. nl / books / about / Die _ Spongien _ des _ adriatischen _ Meeres. html? id = 1 _ ZaAAAAQAAJ &amp; redir _ esc = y]" type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from the Dalmate coast, Adriatic, approximate coordinates
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFBA310E9786FCA3BD94049E" box="[151,246,891,917]" degrees="43.83" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="555" value="43.83">43.83°N</geoCoordinate>
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, no depth provided, type material BMNH 1867.7.26.5 with slide BMNH 1867.3.11.75), including the rather rare spined diactines in the bundles protruding from the distal cones.
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E9323FC47B84504B2" author="Topsent, E." box="[1074,1319,926,953]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref109130" refString="Topsent, E. (1937 a) Notes diverses sur des Eponges. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 722, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1937">Topsent (1937a: 3–5)</bibRefCitation>
discussed this also and appeared to agree with Carter’s suggestion. Accordingly, I propose to reassign the variety as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBA310E9632FC3FBFE6030A" ID-CoL="53LTV" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[291,644,999,1025]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBA310E9632FC3FBCB5030A" box="[291,471,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sycon raphanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBA310E96CFFC3FBFE6030A" author="Schmidt, O." box="[478,644,999,1025]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref105705" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, viii + 88 pp., 7 pls. [https: // books. google. nl / books / about / Die _ Spongien _ des _ adriatischen _ Meeres. html? id = 1 _ ZaAAAAQAAJ &amp; redir _ esc = y]" type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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