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<mods:title id="032DE884D812AB3DEE61DBF47D254E25">Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB131059786FAB5BF470283" box="[151,549,1389,1416]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB131059786FAB5BF470283" blockId="86.[151,549,1389,1452]" box="[151,549,1389,1416]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="6C103F05FFB131059786FAB5BF470283" bold="true" box="[151,549,1389,1416]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB131059786FAB5BF470283" ID-CoL="53D6P" authority="Topsent, 1927" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,549,1389,1416]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB131059786FAB5BF470283" bold="true" box="[151,549,1389,1416]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB131059786FAB5BC100283" bold="true" box="[151,370,1389,1416]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites hirsutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB131059668FAB6BF470283" author="Topsent, E." box="[377,549,1390,1416]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref108907" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1927">Topsent, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37588869FFB131059786FA4ABD9702A7" blockId="86.[151,549,1389,1452]" box="[151,245,1426,1452]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
(
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFB13105978EFA4ABD8E02A7" box="[159,236,1426,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,190,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-18@83.[237,1350,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 9. AB. Reniera velamentosa Hansen, 1885, A. habitus pl. I fig. 10, B. spicules pl. VI fig. 3, C. Spuma borealis var. velamentosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870: pl. II fig. 30, D. Stylocordyla borealis var. acuata Kirkpatrick, 1908: pl. XVI figs. 610, E. Stylocordyla borealis var. irregularis Hentschel, 1914: pl. IV fig. 2, FG. Stylocordyla stipitata var. globosa Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886; Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887, F. habitus pl. XLIII fig. 10, G. skeleton of body text-fig. 9, H. Suberites carnosus depressus Topsent, 1900: pl. VII fig. 4, I. Suberites hirsutus; Topsent, 1928: pl. VI fig. 5, J. Suberites hirsutus sensu Johnston, 1841: pl. XVI fig. 1, K. Suberites hirsutus sensu Fleming, 1828: from Cordiner, 1788: fig. 27." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494204/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB131059786FA08BE2D02EC" box="[151,847,1487,1512]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB131059786FA08BE2D02EC" blockId="86.[151,847,1487,1542]" box="[151,847,1487,1512]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17F7AF47FFB131059786FA08BE2D02EC" box="[151,847,1487,1512]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFB131059786FA08BC9D02EC" author="Topsent, E." box="[151,511,1487,1512]" page="5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1927">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB131059786FA08BC9D02EC" ID-CoL="53D6P" authority="Topsent, 1927: 5" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,511,1487,1512]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB131059786FA08BC2C02E3" box="[151,334,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites hirsutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB131059642FA08BC9D02EC" author="Topsent, E." box="[339,511,1487,1512]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref108907" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1927">Topsent, 1927: 5</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFB131059518FA08BFAA02EC" author="Topsent, E." box="[521,712,1487,1512]" page="155" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB131059518FA08BFAA02EC" author="Topsent, E." box="[521,712,1487,1512]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref108938" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls. I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928: 155</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. VI fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB131059786FA36BFFE010D" box="[151,668,1518,1542]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB131059786FA36BFFE010D" blockId="86.[151,847,1487,1542]" box="[151,668,1518,1542]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
(not:
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB1310597DCFA36BFF2010D" ID-CoL="53D6P" authority="sensu Van Soest 2001: 89" authorityName="sensu Van Soest" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="2001" box="[205,656,1518,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB1310597DCFA36BCE6010D" box="[205,388,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites hirsutus</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB1310596D9FA37BFF2010D" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[456,656,1518,1542]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="85 - 103" refId="ref109873" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2001) Porifera. In: Costello, M. J., Emblow, C. &amp; White, R. (Eds.), European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50, pp. 85 - 103." type="journal article" year="2001">Van Soest 2001: 89</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB131059786F9F6B97A00F3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB131059786F9F6B97A00F3" blockId="86.[151,1437,1582,2040]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
The species was described by Topsent from N of the Azores, Prince Albert 1
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<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFB1310594E1F9F6B92E0143" box="[1008,1100,1582,1608]" name="Monaco" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Monaco</collectingCountry>
Cruises Stat. 1420, 42.8833°–
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<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFB1310597FFF98ABC0D0166" box="[238,367,1618,1645]" degrees="28.5125" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" precision="5" value="-28.5125">28.5125°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="F01F258CFFB1310596AFF98ABF700167" box="[446,530,1618,1644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="2460.0">2460 m</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="E85C36CBFFB131059531F98ABF1B0167" box="[544,633,1618,1644]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="21E143E0FFB13105956EF98ABE440167" box="[639,806,1618,1644]" count="5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
in MOM, slides in MNHN). The combination is a junior secondary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB1310596BCF9AEBF1A019B" authorityName="sensu Van Soest" authorityYear="2001" box="[429,632,1654,1680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB1310596BCF9AEBF1A019B" box="[429,632,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB131059598F9AEBE0C019A" author="Fleming, J." box="[649,878,1654,1681]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref95806" refString="Fleming, J. (1828) A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Bell &amp; Bradfute, Edinburgh and James Duncan, London, xxii + 565 pp. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12899573] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12859" type="book" year="1828">Fleming, 1828: 522</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB13105948AF9AEB950019B" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[923,1074,1654,1680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB13105948AF9AEB950019B" box="[923,1074,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Halichondria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Johnston (1841: 138, pl. XVI fig. 1) redescribed Flemings species and provided a drawing of the habitus, but this is by no means certain to be of the same species. Johnstons description and drawing (here reproduced as
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFB1310594C2F966B97D01D3" box="[979,1055,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,190,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-18@83.[237,1350,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 9. AB. Reniera velamentosa Hansen, 1885, A. habitus pl. I fig. 10, B. spicules pl. VI fig. 3, C. Spuma borealis var. velamentosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870: pl. II fig. 30, D. Stylocordyla borealis var. acuata Kirkpatrick, 1908: pl. XVI figs. 610, E. Stylocordyla borealis var. irregularis Hentschel, 1914: pl. IV fig. 2, FG. Stylocordyla stipitata var. globosa Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886; Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887, F. habitus pl. XLIII fig. 10, G. skeleton of body text-fig. 9, H. Suberites carnosus depressus Topsent, 1900: pl. VII fig. 4, I. Suberites hirsutus; Topsent, 1928: pl. VI fig. 5, J. Suberites hirsutus sensu Johnston, 1841: pl. XVI fig. 1, K. Suberites hirsutus sensu Fleming, 1828: from Cordiner, 1788: fig. 27." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494204/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
is based on a fresh specimen with a papillate surface and monactinal spicules. No type material has been identified. Flemings description is made from a dried thin crust from
<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFB1310596CFF8DEBF22002B" box="[478,576,1798,1824]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Shetland</collectingCountry>
with spicules of unknown shape protruding beyond the surface, but he also referred to
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB131059609F8F2BC81004F" author="Cordiner, C." box="[280,483,1834,1860]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="97" refId="ref92113" refString="Cordiner, C. (1788) Remarkable ruins, and romantic prospects, of North Britain: with ancient monuments, and singular subjects of natural history. Publish'd as the act directs July 17 th. 1788. by Peter Mazell engraver, London, 97 pls., unnumbered pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120009" type="journal article" year="1788">Cordiners (1788)</bibRefCitation>
unrecognizable drawings (his fig. 27, erroneously indicated as fig. 24 by Fleming) and description from a sponge from the shore of Banff,
<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFB131059413F896BE060063" box="[770,868,1870,1896]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Scotland</collectingCountry>
(here reproduced as
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFB13105935CF896B9C40063" box="[1101,1190,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,190,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-18@83.[237,1350,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 9. AB. Reniera velamentosa Hansen, 1885, A. habitus pl. I fig. 10, B. spicules pl. VI fig. 3, C. Spuma borealis var. velamentosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870: pl. II fig. 30, D. Stylocordyla borealis var. acuata Kirkpatrick, 1908: pl. XVI figs. 610, E. Stylocordyla borealis var. irregularis Hentschel, 1914: pl. IV fig. 2, FG. Stylocordyla stipitata var. globosa Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886; Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887, F. habitus pl. XLIII fig. 10, G. skeleton of body text-fig. 9, H. Suberites carnosus depressus Topsent, 1900: pl. VII fig. 4, I. Suberites hirsutus; Topsent, 1928: pl. VI fig. 5, J. Suberites hirsutus sensu Johnston, 1841: pl. XVI fig. 1, K. Suberites hirsutus sensu Fleming, 1828: from Cordiner, 1788: fig. 27." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494204/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
). The reassignment of Flemings species to
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB13105966CF8AABC870087" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1833" box="[381,485,1906,1932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB13105966CF8AABC870087" box="[381,485,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based entirely on Johnstons subsequent redescription which was presented between two recognized
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB131059658F84EBF6B00BB" box="[329,521,1942,1968]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB131059658F84EBCD300BB" box="[329,433,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB131059508F84EBE6100BB" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[537,771,1942,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB131059508F84EBE6100BB" box="[537,771,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites virgultosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB13105942BF84EBECB00BB" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[826,937,1942,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberia">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB13105942BF84EBECB00BB" box="[826,937,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. suberia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and this is likely a misapplication. For that reason, I propose to maintain
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB1310596CFF862BE2B00DF" authority="Topsent, 1927" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1927" box="[478,841,1978,2004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB1310596CFF862BFC500DF" box="[478,679,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Suberites hirsutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB1310595BDF862BE2B00DF" author="Topsent, E." box="[684,841,1978,2004]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref108907" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1927">Topsent, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species, not in need of a replacement name, and to revert Flemings species to
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB131059506F806BE6600F3" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[535,772,2014,2040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB131059506F806BE6600F3" box="[535,772,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Halichondria hirsuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB13105942CF807B97300F3" box="[829,1041,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">taxon inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>