189 lines
21 KiB
XML
189 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="053C5A6AC3D9737F8FBA54933E21F76F">Giant Sticks from Vietnam and China, with three new taxa including the second longest insect known to date (Phasmatodea, Phasmatidae, Clitumninae, Pharnaciini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4494EC242040091BA70712E3FF758C1F">Bresseel, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE62FF3EF44985250566C3881D130C3F">Constant, Jérôme</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C58BB7A92BCBD47E8DA1E858B1C509A0">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FD802795FBDEFC28" ID-CoL="5777L" authority="(Bi, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Bi" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[587,1076,912,939]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Tirachoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jianfenglingensis">
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<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FD802795FC5FFC28" bold="true" box="[587,949,912,939]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tirachoidea jianfenglingensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FC0E2794FBC6FC28" author="Bi" box="[965,1068,913,939]" firstAuthor="Bi" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="10 - 12" refId="ref16274" refString="Bi D. 1994. A new species of the genus Pharnacia Stal from Hainan Province of China (Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae). Entomological Journal of East China 3 (1): 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1994">Bi, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21B66543FFE20436FF2827D7FC3FFBAD" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="691336C8FFE20436FF2827D7FD25FC6F" blockId="34.[227,719,978,1004]" box="[227,719,978,1004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="49BC11E6FFE20436FF2827D7FD25FC6F" box="[227,719,978,1004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitation id="E80D10D9FFE20436FF2827D7FD21FC6F" author="Bi D." box="[227,715,978,1004]" page="10" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1994">
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<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FF2827D7FD21FC6F" ID-CoL="4FVFJ" authority="Bi, 1994: 10" authorityName="Bi" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1994" box="[227,715,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pharnacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jianfenglingensis">
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||
<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FF2827D7FDC4FC6F" box="[227,558,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pharnacia jianfenglingensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FDFD27D7FD21FC6F" author="Bi" box="[566,715,978,1004]" firstAuthor="Bi" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="10 - 12" refId="ref16274" refString="Bi D. 1994. A new species of the genus Pharnacia Stal from Hainan Province of China (Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae). Entomological Journal of East China 3 (1): 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1994">Bi, 1994: 10</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="691336C8FFE20436FF282011FC3FFBAD" blockId="34.[227,981,1044,1070]" box="[227,981,1044,1070]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="49BC11E6FFE20436FF282011FC3FFBAD" box="[227,981,1044,1070]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FF282011FDD8FBAD" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Bi" box="[227,562,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Tirachoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jianfenglingesis">
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<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FF282011FDD8FBAD" box="[227,562,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tirachoidea jianfenglingesis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FD842011FC3FFBAD" author="Hennemann F. H. & Conle O. V." box="[591,981,1044,1070]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 316" refId="ref17041" refString="Hennemann F. H. & Conle O. V. 2008. Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Gunther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: " Anareolatae ": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa 1906: 1 - 316." type="journal article" year="2008">
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<treatmentCitation id="E80D10D9FFE20436FD842011FC3BFBAD" box="[591,977,1044,1070]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 240</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21B66543FFE20436FF282050FE0BFA84" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="691336C8FFE20436FF282050FE3AFBEC" blockId="34.[227,464,1109,1135]" box="[227,464,1109,1135]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FF282050FE3AFBEC" bold="true" box="[227,464,1109,1135]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="691336C8FFE20436FF282081FE0BFA84" blockId="34.[227,1437,1155,1288]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FF282081FE85FB1D" box="[227,367,1156,1182]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
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:
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<specimenCount id="7FAAFD41FFE20436FEB32081FE4FFB1D" box="[376,421,1156,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="7FAAFD41FFE20436FE7A2081FE36FB1D" box="[433,476,1156,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="7FAAFD41FFE20436FE212081FDAFFB1D" box="[490,581,1156,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="egg">20 eggs</specimenCount>
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, Cuc Phuong N.P.,
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,
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,
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<date id="1D121008FFE20436FBBD2081FADBFB1D" box="[1142,1329,1156,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2011-07-19" valueMax="2011-07-23" valueMin="2011-07-19">19–23 Jul. 2011</date>
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, cultured at Bristol Zoo via Mark Bushell (
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||
<collectionCode id="0FBDAE0DFFE20436FDA520A2FD21FB42" box="[622,715,1191,1217]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
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);
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<specimenCount id="7FAAFD41FFE20436FD2B20A2FCCDFB42" box="[736,807,1191,1217]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="7FAAFD41FFE20436FCFF20A2FC9DFB42" box="[820,887,1191,1217]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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(collected as nymphs and captive reared), Cat Ba N.P.,
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<geoCoordinate id="0C98500FFFE20436FE8720CFFE0CFB66" box="[332,486,1226,1253]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="15" seconds="00" value="20.8">20°48’00” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0C98500FFFE20436FE3820CFFD72FB66" box="[499,664,1226,1253]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="15" seconds="20" value="107.005554">107°00’20” E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="1D121008FFE20436FD6E20CFFC8FFB67" box="[677,869,1226,1252]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2013-07-12" valueMax="2013-07-16" valueMin="2013-07-12">12–16 Jul. 2013</date>
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, night collecting, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G. 32.454 (
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<collectionCode id="0FBDAE0DFFE20436FEB320E8FE3FFA84" box="[376,469,1261,1287]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21B66543FFE20436FF28212AFA77F912" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="691336C8FFE20436FF28212AFEBFFACA" blockId="34.[227,341,1327,1353]" box="[227,341,1327,1353]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="325B81A4FFE20436FF28212AFEBFFACA" bold="true" box="[227,341,1327,1353]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FF28212AFEBFFACA" bold="true" box="[227,341,1327,1353]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="691336C8FFE20436FF282158FA77F912" blockId="34.[227,1437,1373,1682]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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||
The species was originally described from Jianfengling National Forest Park in
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<collectingRegion id="AB68F82AFFE20436FB422158FAA6FAF4" box="[1161,1356,1373,1399]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hainan province</collectingRegion>
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, South
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<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FF282185FEC2FA19" box="[227,296,1408,1434]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FEF02185FE4BFA18" author="Bi" box="[315,417,1408,1435]" firstAuthor="Bi" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="10 - 12" refId="ref16274" refString="Bi D. 1994. A new species of the genus Pharnacia Stal from Hainan Province of China (Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae). Entomological Journal of East China 3 (1): 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1994">Bi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FE732184FCA1FA18" author="Hennemann F. H. & Conle O. C. & Zhang W. W." box="[440,843,1408,1435]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref16981" refString="Hennemann F. H., Conle O. C. & Zhang W. W. 2008. Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea). Zootaxa 1735: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2008">Hennemann & Conle (2008: 240)</bibRefCitation>
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||
recorded this species from Cuc Phuong National Park and Than Moi in
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<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FE2221A1FDA7FA3D" box="[489,589,1444,1470]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
, and Jinping County,
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||
<collectingRegion id="AB68F82AFFE20436FC8321A1FBE4FA3D" box="[840,1038,1444,1470]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
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||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AE549B2DFFE20436FBD521A1FB59FA3D" box="[1054,1203,1444,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1000 m</quantity>
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) in Southern
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<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FA9A21A1FA73FA3D" box="[1361,1433,1444,1470]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Recently
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<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FE9821C2FE26FA62" author="Ho" box="[339,460,1479,1505]" firstAuthor="Ho" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref17109" refString="Ho G. W. C. 2013. Stick Insects of Hong Kong. Insect Fauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Entomological Society, Hong Kong." type="book" year="2013">Ho (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
recorded the species from
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<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FCDA21C2FC75FA62" box="[785,927,1479,1505]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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. The authors collected four nymphs of this species in Cat Ba National Park,
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<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FD9D21EFFD51F987" box="[598,699,1514,1540]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
. One male and one female were reared to adulthood on a mixture of oak (
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||
<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FEF0220BFE71F9AB" box="[315,411,1550,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FEF0220BFE71F9AB" box="[315,411,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Quercus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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spp.,
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<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FE15220BFDA1F9AB" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[478,587,1550,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and bramble (
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<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FD3C2208FCD5F9A4" box="[759,831,1549,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FD3C2208FCD5F9A4" box="[759,831,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FC49220BFC1EF9AB" box="[898,1012,1550,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These records show that the species has a wide distribution range, which can also be observed in several other representatives of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FF282251FE84F9ED" box="[227,366,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Tirachoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FF282251FE84F9ED" box="[227,366,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tirachoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FE7E2250FCF3F9ED" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[437,793,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Tirachoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FE7E2250FDF0F9ED" box="[437,538,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. biceps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D3D4B39FFE20436FDE12251FCF8F9ED" author="Redtenbacher" box="[554,786,1620,1646]" firstAuthor="Redtenbacher" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref17231" refString="Redtenbacher J. 1908. Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae, Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig. https: // ia 600401. us. archive. org / 34 / items / DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmidenVol. 1 / DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmidenVol. 1.1906. pdf" type="book" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java, Sumatra, Lombok and Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FAE72251FA72F9ED" box="[1324,1432,1620,1646]" name="Malaysia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEAC4D4BFFE20436FED3227DFD9AF911" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[280,624,1655,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phibalosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cantori">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BD8EADAFFE20436FED3227DFE66F912" box="[280,396,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">T. cantori</emphasis>
|
||
(Westwood, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FC7E2272FBCBF912" box="[949,1057,1655,1681]" name="Malaysia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FBFB2272FB7CF912" box="[1072,1174,1655,1681]" name="Thailand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="11BB7658FFE20436FAED2272FA72F912" box="[1318,1432,1655,1681]" name="Myanmar" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |