742 lines
101 KiB
XML
742 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="479B9E55D8E2E82F62ADFAF43C2A8F92" ID-CLB-Dataset="30976" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4fe35c0c-ecc1-4e78-b269-569cbb1ace45" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1154326" ID-ZooBank="22090C84-5F46-40A3-8E4F-6E9E2AC36568" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1516260310002" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shashank, P. R., Kammar, Vasudev, Mally, Richard & Chakravarthy, A. K." docDate="2018" docId="D74FE205FFE4E32AFF1378C4FC72F8BA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4374.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4374 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Conogethes sahyadriensis Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="863DA635-BC91-4980-81B1-B85AE5946D95" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="2B769A7DFFE6E32CFF847955FF94FFF7" masterDocTitle="A new Indian species of shoot and capsule borer of the genus Conogethes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), feeding on cardamom" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="215" pageNumber="217" updateTime="1698515483057" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A7F1801E99DFC04C8DEFD9708ACCB10F">
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<mods:title id="73AB28F3CC8498A414092ECB8E941712">A new Indian species of shoot and capsule borer of the genus Conogethes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), feeding on cardamom</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="81925C330D71FEF83B0A2563BBA984D2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="440A1ADE7F46A87DC07AFB5A18FE4427">Shashank, P. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5832C358922B76F396054C800CAAF5CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="60ECE7F3C66D55D77AF06C51A3950FFD">Kammar, Vasudev</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E69514BD2407FEC51301D65DD7536A7">Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47E2BD63408820FFA3E6B290DCBE1E35">Chakravarthy, A. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="68734938F402A9504BAC9957B3B5AEC4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AAFE4BDF63927F3249205F002739436C">
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<mods:date id="4EFE5E432EF2203BFC5C75401B35705F">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9057126C30E0BB100B1393089AD69B92">2018-01-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4D5935A35BABD443CF2912395F1BCEA6">4374</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D74FE205FFE4E32AFF1378C4FC72F8BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951126" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140386568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951126" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:863DA635-BC91-4980-81B1-B85AE5946D95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D74FE205FFE4E32AFF1378C4FC72F8BA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE4E32EFF1378C4FDA1FE5C" box="[151,565,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5F595313FFE4E32EFF1378C4FDA1FE5C" blockId="2.[151,575,401,461]" box="[151,565,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<heading id="0411E47FFFE4E32EFF1378C4FDA1FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,565,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF1378C4FDA1FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,565,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFF1378C4FE44FE5C" authority="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy, 2018" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,464,401,427]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF1378C4FE44FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,464,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="76A1327AFFE4E32EFE5378C4FDA1FE5C" box="[471,565,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE4E32EFF1378E1FDABFE3B" box="[151,575,436,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5F595313FFE4E32EFF1378E1FDABFE3B" blockId="2.[151,575,401,461]" box="[151,575,436,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFF1B78E1FE97FE3B" box="[159,259,436,461]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[346,1223,969,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,949,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. ADULTS OF Conogethes SPECIES.1–2. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV., 1, MALE (HOLOTYPE); 2, FEMALE (PARATYPE);3. C. pluto, FEMALE (ABDOMEN TIP MISSING); 4–5. C. punctiferalis, 4, MALE;5, FEMALE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154328/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFE8B78E1FEAFFE3B" box="[271,315,436,461]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">6, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFEC378E1FE1BFE3A" box="[327,399,436,461]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">12, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFE1F78E1FD99FE3B" box="[411,525,436,460]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="5.[151,264,885,908]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,863]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,193,864]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. EGGS OF Conogethes sahyadriensis (ODD NUMBERS) AND C. punctiferalis (EVEN NUMBERS).17–18, FRESHLY LAID EGG; 19–20.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF ENTIRE EGG; 21–22.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF CHORION TEXTURE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154334/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">17, 19, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFD9D78E1FDA2FE3B" box="[537,566,436,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,197,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 23. BAYESIAN INFERENCE TREE OF COI BARCODE SEQUENCES FOR Conogethes SPECIES, WITH C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV. MARKED IN RED; NAMES BEHIND THE BRACKETS AT THE FAR RIGHT ARE HOST PLANT RECORDS. NUMBERS AT THE BRANCHES REPRESENT POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES (PP) ≥0.90, PP <0.90 ARE OMITTED;THE SCALE REPRESENTS SUBSTITUTIONS PER SITE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">23</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE4E32EFF1378A9FE3EF9DF" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE4E32EFF1378A9FE3EF9DF" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF1378A9FE85FDE2" bold="true" box="[151,273,508,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFE9C78A9FDAAFDE3" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,574,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFE9C78A9FDAAFDE3" box="[280,574,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFDF078A9FD5BFDE3" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[628,719,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFDF078A9FD5BFDE3" box="[628,719,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are identical in the colouration of the labial palps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFA8878A9FAE6FDE2" box="[1292,1394,508,533]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||
), in the presence of two dark spots on the dorsal metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFCA17B4AFC0FFDCF" box="[805,923,543,568]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in the wing maculation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFB737B4AFAC8FDCF" box="[1271,1372,543,568]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[346,1223,969,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,949,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. ADULTS OF Conogethes SPECIES.1–2. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV., 1, MALE (HOLOTYPE); 2, FEMALE (PARATYPE);3. C. pluto, FEMALE (ABDOMEN TIP MISSING); 4–5. C. punctiferalis, 4, MALE;5, FEMALE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154328/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and cannot be distinguished based on these characters. The two species can be distinguished by the male genitalia: the dorsal tegumen roof has a more pronounced bulge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFD6D7B3DFCD7FD77" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[745,835,616,640]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFD6D7B3DFCD7FD77" box="[745,835,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFCD67B32FC30FD77" box="[850,932,615,640]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); the clasper base of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFB0A7B3DFB7DFD77" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1166,1257,616,640]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFB0A7B3DFB7DFD77" box="[1166,1257,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader, with a trapezoid shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFEEE7BD9FE28FD53" box="[362,444,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the clasper of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFD507BD9FC1BFD53" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[724,911,652,676]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFD507BD9FC1BFD53" box="[724,911,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrower, rectangular base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFA947BD9FAF0FD53" box="[1296,1380,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
); the valva sides towards the apex form a blunt right angle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFCA07BE5FC74FD3F" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[804,992,688,712]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFCA07BE5FC74FD3F" box="[804,992,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFBF07BE5FB45FD3F" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1140,1233,688,712]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFBF07BE5FB45FD3F" box="[1140,1233,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the valva apex is evenly arched.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFEC97B81FD62FD1A" authority="(Walker, 1859)" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[333,758,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evaxalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFEC97B81FDAFFD1B" box="[333,571,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Conogethes evaxalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad brown band across the labial palps like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFA067B81FEA5FCE7" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFA067B81FEA5FCE7" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the metathorax has three dark spots dorsally, the distal tarsus of the male hindlegs comprises a distinct tuft of dark hairs, the hindwing has a large dark spot in the anal area, in the male genitalia the transtilla are enlarged and strongly sclerotised and the phallus has a short sclerotised section instead of a needle-shaped cornutus, and in the female genitalia the antrum is larger and the central ductus bursae is sclerotised.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFA9C7A31FEA5FC57" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFA9C7A31FEA5FC57" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFD5B7ADDFC05FC57" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[735,913,904,928]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFD5B7ADDFC05FC57" box="[735,913,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFC207AD2FB98FC57" box="[932,1036,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[346,1223,969,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,949,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. ADULTS OF Conogethes SPECIES.1–2. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV., 1, MALE (HOLOTYPE); 2, FEMALE (PARATYPE);3. C. pluto, FEMALE (ABDOMEN TIP MISSING); 4–5. C. punctiferalis, 4, MALE;5, FEMALE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154328/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFB987ADDFBCCFC57" box="[1052,1112,904,928]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">8, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFBEC7ADDFB27FC57" box="[1128,1203,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">14, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFB477ADDFAF1FC57" box="[1219,1381,904,928]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 17–22" captionStart-1="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,885,908]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,194,863]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1431,197,1901]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[340,1247,193,864]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 17–22. EGGS OF Conogethes sahyadriensis (ODD NUMBERS) AND C. punctiferalis (EVEN NUMBERS).17–18, FRESHLY LAID EGG; 19–20.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF ENTIRE EGG; 21–22.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF CHORION TEXTURE." captionText-1="FIGURE 23. BAYESIAN INFERENCE TREE OF COI BARCODE SEQUENCES FOR Conogethes SPECIES, WITH C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV. MARKED IN RED; NAMES BEHIND THE BRACKETS AT THE FAR RIGHT ARE HOST PLANT RECORDS. NUMBERS AT THE BRANCHES REPRESENT POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES (PP) ≥0.90, PP <0.90 ARE OMITTED;THE SCALE REPRESENTS SUBSTITUTIONS PER SITE." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1154334/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1154336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">18, 20, 22–23</figureCitation>
|
||
) by: second segment of labial palp always broadly tinted with black fuscous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFC457AF9FB94FC32" box="[961,1024,940,965]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||
); metathorax dorsally with two spots of black scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFEC97A9AFE1DFC1F" box="[333,393,975,1000]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig.9</figureCitation>
|
||
) instead of three (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFDDC7A9AFD3EFC1F" box="[600,682,975,1000]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); hair-pencils with slender phylliform hair scales (sensu Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFA0C7A84FF20FBFB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002) (broad ovate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFE327AA1FDF1FBFB" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[438,613,1012,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFE327AA1FDF1FBFB" box="[438,613,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); clasper with broad, rectangular base and abruptly narrowed tip, clasper oriented ventrad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFEE17D42FE28FBC7" box="[357,444,1047,1072]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the slim clasper of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFCA47D4DFC47FBC7" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[800,979,1048,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFCA47D4DFC47FBC7" box="[800,979,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
points anteroventrad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFB5F7D42FAA6FBC7" box="[1243,1330,1047,1072]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
); phallus shorter and not strongly curved at the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFDF87D69FD5BFBA3" box="[636,719,1084,1109]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
); ductus bursae shorter, corpus bursae irregular ovate, smaller in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFF567D0AFEB2FB8F" box="[210,294,1119,1144]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two species do not differ in morphology and chaetotaxy of the larva and the pupa, but scanning electron microscopic studies reveal differences in surface sculpturing of the chorion, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFB277DD1FACBFB6B" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[1187,1375,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFB277DD1FACBFB6B" box="[1187,1375,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs exhibiting a network of threads resembling a fishing net (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFC987DF2FC5CFB37" box="[796,968,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="5.[151,264,885,908]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,863]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,193,864]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. EGGS OF Conogethes sahyadriensis (ODD NUMBERS) AND C. punctiferalis (EVEN NUMBERS).17–18, FRESHLY LAID EGG; 19–20.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF ENTIRE EGG; 21–22.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF CHORION TEXTURE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154334/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 17, 19, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the network on the egg surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFF137D99FEDFFB13" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,331,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF137D99FEDFFB13" box="[151,331,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is irregular, and the surface is rather smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFCF97D99FBAEFB13" box="[893,1082,1228,1253]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="5.[151,264,885,908]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,863]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,193,864]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. EGGS OF Conogethes sahyadriensis (ODD NUMBERS) AND C. punctiferalis (EVEN NUMBERS).17–18, FRESHLY LAID EGG; 19–20.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF ENTIRE EGG; 21–22.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF CHORION TEXTURE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154334/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 18, 20, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFBD67D99FAE9FB13" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[1106,1405,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFBD67D99FAE9FB13" box="[1106,1405,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFEF67DA5FDA1FAFF" authorityName="Inoue & Yamanaka" authorityYear="2006" box="[370,565,1264,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvipunctalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFEF67DA5FDA1FAFF" box="[370,565,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. parvipunctalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the larger wing size, the larger discocellular black spots on the hind wing and in the female genitalia by the longer ovipositor, anterior apophyses, and eighth abdominal segment.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFF137C6DFE2AFAA7" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,446,1336,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF137C6DFE2AFAA7" box="[151,446,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFD447C6DFCCDFAA7" authorityName="Inoue & Yamanaka" authorityYear="2006" box="[704,857,1336,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicolalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFD447C6DFCCDFAA7" box="[704,857,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pinicolalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the pale-yellow apex on the ventral side of the forewing, which is tinted brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFDD77C09FD66FA83" authorityName="Inoue & Yamanaka" authorityYear="2006" box="[595,754,1372,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicolalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFDD77C09FD66FA83" box="[595,754,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pinicolalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sometimes also with the area between postmedial and submarginal series tinted brown, and by the absence of a large tuft of fuscous scales on the male hindlegs distal tibia and first tarsus segment. The DNA barcode of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFD587CF1FC02FA4B" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[732,918,1444,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFD587CF1FC02FA4B" box="[732,918,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not shared with other species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFA887CF1FACBFA4B" box="[1292,1375,1444,1469]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,197,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 23. BAYESIAN INFERENCE TREE OF COI BARCODE SEQUENCES FOR Conogethes SPECIES, WITH C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV. MARKED IN RED; NAMES BEHIND THE BRACKETS AT THE FAR RIGHT ARE HOST PLANT RECORDS. NUMBERS AT THE BRANCHES REPRESENT POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES (PP) ≥0.90, PP <0.90 ARE OMITTED;THE SCALE REPRESENTS SUBSTITUTIONS PER SITE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), and it differs in the p—distance in average by 5.56–6.00% from its nearest neighbour
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFBA17C9DFBEBFA17" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1061,1151,1480,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFBA17C9DFBEBFA17" box="[1061,1151,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and by 6.00–6.89% from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFF137CB9FED3F9F3" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,327,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF137CB9FED3F9F3" box="[151,327,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the lowest p—distance is to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE4E32EFD257CB9FB9CF9F2" authority="(Walker, 1866)" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[673,1032,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFD257CB9FCC1F9F3" box="[673,853,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. semifascialis</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker, 1866)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1 with 5.11–6.00% (see also Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="126466A8FFE4E32EFEC37F5AFE0DF9DF" box="[327,409,1551,1576]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[120,197,511,531]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of Conogethes samples usedin thegenetic analyses.BOLD BIN numbers are provided,where available,in brackets afterthe species names.All samples anddata are retrievable" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE4E32AFF437F61FC7EFD3A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE4E32EFF437F61FB2AF94F" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF437F61FE3EF9BA" bold="true" box="[199,426,1588,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Description. Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female colouration similar. Frons pale yellowish, vertex with dense whitish yellow scales. Antenna filiform, brownish, covered with pale yellowish scales and between each flagellomere with short cilia. Labial palp yellowish, three-segmented, upturned, second segment outside always broadly tinted with black fuscous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFEBB7FCAFE10F94F" box="[319,388,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary palp short, filiform. Basal scaling of proboscis black fuscous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE4E32EFF437F91FE9AF867" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF437F91FEB2F92A" bold="true" box="[199,294,1732,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Patagium with black spot on either side. Tegula pale yellowish. Prothorax dorsum pale yellowish, with two black spots anterolaterally. Mesothorax dorsum with two black spots dorsolaterally. Mesoscutum strawyellow with large round black spot dorsally. Metathorax dorsum with two spots dorsolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFA867E59FADFF8D3" box="[1282,1355,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,687,710]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT Conogethes SPECIES.6–8, LABIAL PALP,6. C.sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 7, C. pluto; 8. C. punctiferalis; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV.; 10. C. pluto, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11, C. punctiferalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs yellowish-white, with few scattered dark scales; foreleg femur, tibia and proximal tarsus as well as midleg central tibia homogenous dark brown; mid- and hind-tibiae sometimes with tarsus blackish, dusted with yellowish white outwardly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE4E32FFF437EC9FA09FD3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,508,2009]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE4E32EFF437EC9FE0FF842" bold="true" box="[199,411,1948,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE4E32EFEA77EC9FE18F842" box="[291,396,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[346,1223,969,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,949,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. ADULTS OF Conogethes SPECIES.1–2. C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV., 1, MALE (HOLOTYPE); 2, FEMALE (PARATYPE);3. C. pluto, FEMALE (ABDOMEN TIP MISSING); 4–5. C. punctiferalis, 4, MALE;5, FEMALE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154328/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Wing span male 25.66±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE4E32EFD327EC9FC8FF843" box="[694,795,1948,1973]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="1.22">1.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Mean±SD; n=10), female 27.55±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE4E32EFB2E7EC9FA9BF843" box="[1194,1295,1948,1973]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.87" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="1.87">1.87 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Mean±SD; n=10). Male with one frenulum bristle, female with two fused frenulum bristles with the apex ending in two thin free tips. Forewings ground colour light yellow to orange yellow, ventral side paler. Costal margin with black and yellow scales, apical to anal margin with pale yellow fringed scales. Five black spots at the base of forewing: one at central wing base, two close to each other on the costa, one below proximal discal cell, and another spot on the inner wing margin. Discal cell with central black spot and with black transverse dash on discocellular vein. Series of antemedial, medial, postmedial and submarginal black spots present. Antemedial series consists of three black spots situated outwardly oblique from costa to inner margin. Medial series with four black spots arising from posterior angle of cell, leading obliquely inward toward inner margin. Postmedial series with twelve spots, of which four form an convex curve between costa and M1, almost forming a continuous band, the other eight spots arranged between vein M1 and inner margin in two rows of four spots each, the inner, straight row running obliquely towards inner wing margin, the outer row forming a convex curve towards inner margin. Submarginal series with six spots which are moderately excurved between R4 and CuA2, with the third spot from the apex being significantly displaced inward between vein M1 and M2, paralleling the outer series of spots of the postmedial series. Hind wings paler than forewings. Discocellular with large black spot. Antemedial series consists of three almost coalesced spots, placed between CuA2 and 2A. Postmedial series with eight spots present between vein Rs and 1A, with the spots between M1 and M2, and CuA1 and CuA2 displaced inward. A submarginal series of six roundish spots placed between vein Rs to CuA2, of which the spot placed between M1 and M2 is displaced inward.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE5E32FFF437B82FDFFFC77" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Ventral side of forewings with costa tinted dark brown from base to subapex; proximal half of cell tinted brown, with subcentral spot and central dash much broader than on dorsal forewing side; postmedial and submarginal series as on the dorsal forewing side, but with the spots of the postmedial series enlarged except for the four outer row spots between M1 and inner margin. Ventral side of hindwings with spots as on dorsal side, but postmedial series with spots more clearly.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0B99039BFFE5E32FFF137E00FC29F87D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154328/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" targetBox="[346,1223,969,1835]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE5E32FFF137E00FC29F87D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1877,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE5E32FFF137E00FEAEF89C" bold="true" box="[151,314,1877,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
ADULTS OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE5E32FFE2C7E03FD8BF89B" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[424,543,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE5E32FFE2C7E03FD8BF89B" box="[424,543,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SPECIES.1–2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE5E32FFD2D7E02FCC7F89B" authority="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy, 2018" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[681,851,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE5E32FFD2D7E02FCC7F89B" box="[681,851,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76A1327AFFE5E32FFCDE7E03FC3AF89B" box="[858,942,1878,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, 1, MALE (HOLOTYPE); 2, FEMALE (PARATYPE); 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE5E32FFA007E02FF5FF87D" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE5E32FFA007E02FF5FF87D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, FEMALE (ABDOMEN TIP MISSING); 4–5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE5E32FFDC87E20FD7EF87D" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[588,746,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE5E32FFDC87E20FD7EF87D" box="[588,746,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="218">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4, MALE; 5, FEMALE.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0B99039BFFE2E328FF137BFAFE89FCF5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154330/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" targetBox="[340,1247,193,666]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE2E328FF137BFAFE89FCF5" blockId="4.[151,1436,687,770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FF137BFAFED2FD33" bold="true" box="[151,326,687,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">FIGURES 6–11.</emphasis>
|
||
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FDFB7BFAFD62FD32" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[639,758,687,709]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FDFB7BFAFD62FD32" box="[639,758,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SPECIES. 6–8, LABIAL PALP, 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FB9B7BE5FB53FD32" authority="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy, 2018" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[1055,1223,687,709]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FB9B7BE5FB53FD32" box="[1055,1223,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76A1327AFFE2E328FB4A7BFAFAB6FD32" box="[1230,1314,687,709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; 7,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FAC77BE5FA01FD32" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1347,1429,687,709]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FAC77BE5FA01FD32" box="[1347,1429,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FF377B9AFEC0FD13" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[179,340,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FF377B9AFEC0FD13" box="[179,340,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 9–11. DORSAL VIEW OF METATHORAX, 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FD6D7B9AFC01FD13" authority="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy, 2018" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[745,917,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FD6D7B9AFC01FD13" box="[745,917,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="76A1327AFFE2E328FC1A7B9BFC61FD13" box="[926,1013,718,740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FBAD7B9AFBEAFD13" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1065,1150,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FBAD7B9AFBEAFD13" box="[1065,1150,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ABDOMEN REMOVED; 11,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FA007B9AFE83FCF5" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FA007B9AFE83FCF5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0B99039BFFE2E328FF137E5BFA09F8B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" targetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE2E328FF137E5BFA09F8B4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1806,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FF137E5BFEC3F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,343,1806,1829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">FIGURES 12–16.</emphasis>
|
||
GENITALIA OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FE627E5BFDCAF8D3" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[486,606,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FE627E5BFDCAF8D3" box="[486,606,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FC5B7E5AFB1FF8D3" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[991,1163,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FC5B7E5AFB1FF8D3" box="[991,1163,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FB427E5AFA8FF8D3" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1222,1307,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FB427E5AFA8FF8D3" box="[1222,1307,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED; 14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FEA77E7BFE55F8B4" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[291,449,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FEA77E7BFE55F8B4" box="[291,449,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 15–16. FEMALE GENITALIA; 15,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FD777E7BFC0FF8B4" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[755,923,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FD777E7BFC0FF8B4" box="[755,923,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 16,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE2E328FC4A7E7BFBFFF8B4" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[974,1131,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE2E328FC4A7E7BFBFFF8B4" box="[974,1131,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="219">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SCALE BARS REPRESENT 500 µM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0B99039BFFE3E329FF137A20FB81FC5D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="220" targetBox="[340,1247,194,863]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE3E329FF137A20FB81FC5D" blockId="5.[151,1436,885,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FF137A20FEC0FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,340,885,908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">FIGURES 17–22.</emphasis>
|
||
EGGS OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE3E329FE347A23FD2EFC7B" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[432,698,886,908]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FE347A23FD2EFC7B" box="[432,698,886,908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ODD NUMBERS) AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE3E329FC027A22FBB0FC7B" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[902,1060,886,908]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FC027A22FBB0FC7B" box="[902,1060,886,908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EVEN NUMBERS). 17–18, FRESHLY LAID EGG; 19–20. SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF ENTIRE EGG; 21–22. SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF CHORION TEXTURE.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE3E329FF437A87FEB6FBA1" blockId="5.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FF437A87FED7FC1C" bold="true" box="[199,323,978,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen orange yellow dorsally, whitish yellow ventrally. First abdominal tergite whitish yellow, without any black spots. Second to fifth tergites with three black spots, one on dorsal and other the two dorsolateral. Sixth tergite with one dorsal black spot. No black spots ventrally. Male anal tuft faded black,with sparse hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE3E329FF437D37FD5FF899" blockId="5.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FF437D37FE66FB8C" bold="true" box="[199,498,1122,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE3E329FE037D37FE77FB8C" box="[391,483,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior margin of the tegumen completely sclerotized and lateral arms narrow. Uncus narrow, slender, ventrally curved, apical third swollen, dorsally densely covered with bifurcate setae, apically sparsely with simple setae, apex with two sclerotized processes, their ventral side bearing simple setae, their dorsal side protruded into thin, broadly ovate lobes. Gnathos formed by a broad, strongly sclerotized band, mesally fused with the subscaphium. Transtillum arms somewhat elongate, mesally connected with each other via a short dorsal and a long ventral process protruding from the transtillum apex. Saccus of vinculum U-shaped with conically pointed apex. Anterior connection of tegumen and vinculum with a round sclerite densely studded with hairs, forming a corema; outer margin of coremata hair pencil formed by simple long, lanceolate hairs and a few broad, flat hairs, centre of coremata with thin brown, easily removable, felting hairs. Juxta narrow elongate, tapering dorsad. Valve broad ovate, margins and inner surface sparsely covered with long setae, distally of clasper forming a dense field.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE3E329FE167C9FFE46FA15" box="[402,466,1482,1506]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
broad tubular, convex, dorsal costa base forming a straight elongate, ventrally directed rod whose apex serves as the dorsal joint of the valve with the vinculum (the ventral joint is formed by the sacculus base). Sacculus elongate triangular, distal half with a protruding ridge along valva margin; a small hook-shaped process near clasper curving dorsad; distal sacculus sclerotisation broadened and fused with the sclerotized areas leading from the costa and the medial valve sclerotisation from which the clasper emerges. Clasper short, sclerotized, decurved with blunt tip, overlapping with the hook-shaped process of the distal sacculus, clasper emerges from a broad triangular base which ispart of an elongate sclerotisation on the central inner valve, parallel to the sacculus. Phallus long, slender and strongly curved near anterior end; phallus apodeme membranous apart from a narrow, sclerotized band along ventral side; vesica with a thin, needle-shaped cornutus of almost the length of the phallus, and with fine denticulate granulation. Hair-pencil situated on each side of the genital, attached anterior at the joint of tegumen and vinculum, different hair scale
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE3E329FC067E66FC29F8BC" box="[898,957,1843,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">types</typeStatus>
|
||
present (see Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FB2B7E66FB7DF8BD" box="[1199,1257,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002), with the outer, phylliform hair scales slender and spatulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE3E32AFF437E2FFE69FEEA" blockId="5.[151,1437,978,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE3E329FF437E2FFD93F864" bold="true" box="[199,519,1914,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE3E329FE257E2FFE6CF864" box="[417,504,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[368,1213,838,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[356,1231,820,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. GENITALIA OF Conogethes SPECIES. 12–14. MALE GENITALIA; 12, C. sahyadriensis; 13. C. pluto, RIGHT VALVA DETACHED;14.C. punctiferalis; 15–16. FEMALEGENITALIA;15, C.sahyadriensis; 16, C.punctiferalis. SCALEBARS REPRESENT 500 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154332/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ovipositor triangular, covered with long and short setae. Apophyses anteriores about as long as, but somewhat thicker than A. posteriores. Ostium narrow, funnel-shaped, membranous, somewhat granulose at transition onto antrum. Antrum tubular, sclerotized, almost twice as long as broad, dorsal side with broad longitudinal non-sclerotised gap. Ductus bursae long, narrow, in anterior part with granulose sclerotisations; ductus seminalis emerges anterior the antrum. Corpus bursae usually ovate, irregular in shape, about half the length of the ductus bursae,with membranous appendix bursae attached laterally. Signum absent, but posterior half of corpus bursae lightly granulose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437872FC7EFD3A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF437872FE02FEB7" bold="true" box="[199,406,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
The immature stages are described in detail in Shashank (2012) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFB15787DFAD5FEB7" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1169,1345,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFB15787DFAD5FEB7" box="[1169,1345,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on cardamom.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFEC77819FE10FE92" bold="true" box="[323,388,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Eggs.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs whitish, flattened and measuring 0.86±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFC0A7819FB97FE93" box="[910,1027,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
|
||
and 0.81±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFBFA7819FB60FE93" box="[1150,1268,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.007">0.007 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and 0.47±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFF53783AFEDEFE70" box="[215,330,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
|
||
and 0.44±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFE477825FDA2FE70" box="[451,566,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.008">0.008 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width in cohort one and two, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic studies reveal differences in the surface sculpturing on the chorion, appearing like a network of threads and resembling a fishing net (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE0E32AFE4178E2FDD9FE27" box="[453,589,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="5.[151,264,885,908]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,863]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,193,864]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. EGGS OF Conogethes sahyadriensis (ODD NUMBERS) AND C. punctiferalis (EVEN NUMBERS).17–18, FRESHLY LAID EGG; 19–20.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF ENTIRE EGG; 21–22.SEM PHOTOGRAPH OF CHORION TEXTURE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154334/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Figs 17–22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFDE078E2FD54FE27" bold="true" box="[612,704,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae eruciform, polypod, pinkish white, 25.01±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFA8B78E2FAEFFE27" box="[1295,1403,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.155">0.155mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and 4.12±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFED77889FE2CFE03" box="[339,440,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. Head light brown. Body wall transparent, studded with dark grey tubercles and long setae arising from pinacula.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD8978AAFDCBFDEF" bold="true" box="[525,607,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Pupae.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupae light brown, obtect
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFC0A7B55FC56FDEF" box="[910,962,512,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Male pupae are 15.66±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFB4A78AAFAA7FDE0" box="[1230,1331,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and 2.84±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFF537B71FED5FDCB" box="[215,321,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad, female pupae are 16.91±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFD417B71FCA5FDCB" box="[709,817,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and 79±
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFC587B71FBD3FDCB" box="[988,1095,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad (n=30). Head in both investigated pupae represented by vertex and frontoclypeus, with compound eyes prominent. Antennae arise from the dorsal margin of the compound eyes and proceed ventrally to the tip of wing pad. Labial palpi prominent on either side of the mid-ventral line. All three thoracic segments dorsally clear, ventrally concealed by the appendages. Dorsally ten and ventrally six abdominal segments are evident.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE0E32AFF437B82FBC4FBAF" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437B82FC11FD07" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,901,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF437B82FEF4FD07" bold="true" box="[199,352,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Southwest
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFE677B82FD89FD07" box="[483,541,727,752]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE0E32AFDAF7B82FD37FD07" box="[555,675,727,752]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE0E32AFD297B82FD68FD07" box="[685,764,727,752]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFC8B7B82FC15FD07" box="[783,897,727,752]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE0E32AFC8B7B82FCA4FD07" box="[783,816,727,752]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437BA9FBC4FBAF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF437BA9FDD9FCE2" bold="true" box="[199,589,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Material studied.
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFE187BA9FE43FCE2" box="[412,471,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EF8E594EFFE0E32AFDD17BA9FD17FCC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1803517547" collectedFrom="cardamom" collectingDate="2011-07-18" collectionCode="NPC" collectorName="Shashank, P. R." country="India" elevation="980" latitude="12.419723" location="Mudigere" longitude="75.73" municipality="Chikmagalur" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFDD17BA9FD29FCE2" box="[597,701,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFD417BA8FD48FCE3" box="[709,732,765,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFD6D7BA9FCAFFCE3" box="[745,827,764,788]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BF3DC969FFE0E32AFCC37BA9FC4FFCE2" box="[839,987,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Chikmagalur</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5A3905C8FFE0E32AFC637BA9FBC3FCE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D74FE205FFE4E32AFF1378C4FC72F8BA:5A3905C8FFE0E32AFC637BA9FBC3FCE2" box="[999,1111,764,789]" country="India" latitude="12.419723" longitude="75.73" municipality="Chikmagalur" name="Mudigere" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Mudigere</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AD235D4FFE0E32AFBE67BA9FB7CFCE2" box="[1122,1256,764,789]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" precision="15" value="12.419723">12°25'11"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AD235D4FFE0E32AFB707BA9FAF2FCE2" box="[1268,1382,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">75°43'48"</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFAF67BA9FF3BFCC0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="980.0">
|
||
<elevation id="D4CBB420FFE0E32AFAF67BA9FF3BFCC0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFF397A75FEA9FCCF" box="[189,317,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2011-07-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3B1C8C3BFFE0E32AFF397A75FEA9FCCF" box="[189,317,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2011-07-18">18.vii.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="ECFA10EEFFE0E32AFEC87A75FE51FCCF" box="[332,453,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">cardamom</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F21336C5FFE0E32AFE567A75FDEAFCC0" box="[466,638,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Shashank, P.R.</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFD087A75FD6DFCCF" box="[652,761,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFC8F7A75FC38FCCF" box="[779,940,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFC447A75FC70FCCF" box="[960,996,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFC777A75FB82FCCF" box="[1011,1046,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFB3F7A75FAB4FCCF" box="[1211,1312,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFAA97A75FAC4FCCF" box="[1325,1360,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFEA77A11FE1BFCAA" box="[291,399,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFE287A11FD8BFCAB" box="[428,543,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2010-10-13">13.x.2010</date>
|
||
, cardamom, Shashank, P.R.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFC0D7A11FC38FCAB" box="[905,940,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFB187A11FA9DFCAA" box="[1180,1289,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFAA17A11FA0CFCAB" box="[1317,1432,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2010-10-12">12.x.2010</date>
|
||
, cardamom, Shashank, P.R.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFE5E7A3DFE69FC77" box="[474,509,872,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFD517A32FCD6FC77" box="[725,834,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFCDC7A32FC5EFC77" box="[856,970,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2015-10-25">25.x.2015</date>
|
||
, cardamom, Vasudev K.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFB737A3DFA89FC77" box="[1271,1309,872,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFAA87A3DFADBFC77" box="[1324,1359,872,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFE997AD9FE1EFC52" box="[285,394,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFE207AD9FD82FC52" box="[420,534,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2015-10-25">25.x.2015</date>
|
||
, cardamom, Kumar, K.P.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFCDC7AD8FCE9FC53" box="[856,893,909,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFC147AD9FC27FC53" box="[912,947,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFB1C7AD9FA90FC52" box="[1176,1284,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFA9A7AD9FA0CFC52" box="[1310,1432,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="2016-11-11">11.xi.2016</date>
|
||
, cardamom, Kumar, K.P.; all
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFE587AE5FD98FC3F" box="[476,524,944,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are deposited in NPC.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC107AFAFB1FFC3F" bold="true" box="[916,1163,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Additional material:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFB177AE5FB23FC3F" box="[1171,1207,944,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFB417AE5FB7CFC3F" box="[1221,1256,944,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFB7C7AE5FAFDFC3F" box="[1272,1385,944,968]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">CEYLON</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFAFD7AFAFF77FC1A" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE0E32AFAFD7AFAFA08FC3F" box="[1401,1436,943,968]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
], Kandy District, Kandy,
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFD8E7A81FDF4FC1A" box="[522,608,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4008" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="ft" value="2100.0">2100 ft</quantity>
|
||
, Udawattakele Sanctuary,
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFC147A81FBB3FC1A" box="[912,1063,980,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="1970-01-10" valueMax="1970-01-23" valueMin="1970-01-10">10–23.i.1970</date>
|
||
, Davis & Rowe, genitalia slides USNM 114050, RM1139 (USNM),
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFDBD7AADFDC8FBE7" box="[569,604,1016,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFDEA7AADFD74FBE7" box="[622,736,1016,1040]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">CEYLON</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFD757AA2FCFFFBE7" box="[753,875,1015,1040]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE0E32AFD757AA2FC80FBE7" box="[753,788,1015,1040]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
], Kandy District, Kandy,
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFB117AA2FA9DFBE7" box="[1173,1289,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="1971-02-28">28.ii.1971</date>
|
||
, Piyadasa & Somapala, genitalia slide USNM 114051 (USNM),
|
||
<specimenCount id="49E0989AFFE0E32AFD5C7D49FD69FBC3" box="[728,765,1052,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFC8D7D49FCEFFBC3" box="[777,891,1052,1076]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">CEYLON</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27F11383FFE0E32AFC0C7D49FC6FFBC2" box="[904,1019,1052,1077]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D229DF1FFE0E32AFC0C7D49FC3FFBC2" box="[904,939,1052,1077]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
] Kandy District, Peredeniya,
|
||
<quantity id="981EFEF6FFE0E32AFAC17D49FA0CFBC2" box="[1349,1432,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0104000000000015" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" unit="ft" value="2300.0">2300 ft</quantity>
|
||
, Upper Hantane Hill,
|
||
<date id="2B5875D3FFE0E32AFE067D6AFD8CFBAF" box="[386,536,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" value="1970-01-12" valueMax="1970-01-16" valueMin="1970-01-12">12–16.i.1970</date>
|
||
, Davis & Rowe, genitalia slide RM1138 (USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE0E32AFF437D31FC6FFB57" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437D31FC6FFB57" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF437D31FEDAFB8A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1124,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named after the Sanskrit word '
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFCEA7D31FC42FB8B" box="[878,982,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">sahyadri'</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning "The Benevolent Mountains" which is another name for the western Ghats, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="805DEDB1FFE0E32AFD467DDCFD66FB56" box="[706,754,1161,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE0E32AFF437DF9FE81FAFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437DF9FE81FAFA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF437DF9FEB3FB32" bold="true" box="[199,295,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFEA97DF9FDC5FB33" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[301,593,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFEA97DF9FDC5FB33" box="[301,593,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Conogethes sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
undergoes five larval instars and completes its life cycle in around 39 days. The detailed biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFE227D85FDF6FB1F" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[422,610,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFE227D85FDF6FB1F" box="[422,610,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is given in Doddabasappa
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC107D84FC59FB1F" box="[916,973,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) under C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFB0B7D85FA88FB1F" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1167,1308,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFB0B7D85FA88FB1F" box="[1167,1308,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on cardamom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17FC0098FFE0E32AFF437C42FC72F8BA" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437C42FC24FA6A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF437C42FE46FAC7" bold="true" box="[199,466,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Phylogenetic analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
The best-fitting model for the sequence data was the GTR+G+I model. The two parallel MrBayes runs had sufficiently converged after 5 Mio. generations. Most effective sampling size (ESS) values were well above 1000, except for pinvar with ESS=509 and alpha with ESS=981, indicating a sufficiently large sampling size from which the marginal likelihood was estimated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437CFCFA17F96F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
In the Bayesian analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7DD4F96FFE0E32AFE6C7CF2FDA8FA37" box="[488,572,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,197,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 23. BAYESIAN INFERENCE TREE OF COI BARCODE SEQUENCES FOR Conogethes SPECIES, WITH C. sahyadriensis SP. NOV. MARKED IN RED; NAMES BEHIND THE BRACKETS AT THE FAR RIGHT ARE HOST PLANT RECORDS. NUMBERS AT THE BRANCHES REPRESENT POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES (PP) ≥0.90, PP <0.90 ARE OMITTED;THE SCALE REPRESENTS SUBSTITUTIONS PER SITE." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1154336/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFDD47CFDFC98FA37" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[592,780,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFDD47CFDFC98FA37" box="[592,780,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a distinct clade, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFBC97CFDFB3CFA37" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1101,1192,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFBC97CFDFB3CFA37" box="[1101,1192,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as nearest neighbour. The topology of the tree is as follows:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFDC07C99FD5AFA13" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[580,718,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tharsalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFDC07C99FD5AFA13" box="[580,718,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. tharsalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found as sister to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFB907C99FB0CFA13" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1044,1176,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFB907C99FB0CFA13" box="[1044,1176,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species included in the dataset. The latter split into two groups: one comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFC8A7CA5FC22F9FF" authorityName="Snellen" authorityYear="1890" box="[782,950,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemactalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC8A7CA5FC22F9FF" box="[782,950,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. haemactalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFC507CA5FB0BF9FF" authorityName="Snellen" authorityYear="1890" box="[980,1183,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemactalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC507CA5FC79F9F0" box="[980,1005,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFB9C7CA5FB0BF9FF" box="[1048,1183,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">haemactalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are sister to (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFA067CA5FF67F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evaxalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFA067CA5FF67F9DB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. evaxalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFE957F41FE01F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[273,405,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFE957F41FE01F9DB" box="[273,405,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2) +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFE7C7F41FDE8F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[504,636,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFE7C7F41FDE8F9DB" box="[504,636,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3 +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFD537F41FCCFF9DB" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[727,859,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD537F41FCCFF9DB" box="[727,859,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 4, and the other group comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFA897F41FA10F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1293,1412,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ersealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFA897F41FA10F9DB" box="[1293,1412,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. ersealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFF137F6DFEA7F9A7" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,307,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF137F6DFEA7F9A7" box="[151,307,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. diminutiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are sister to a tritomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFD337F6DFCAFF9A7" baseAuthorityName="Maes" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[695,827,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD337F6DFCAFF9A7" box="[695,827,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Conogethes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1, the
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC397F6DFAD5F9A7" box="[957,1345,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFC397F6DFBFBF9A7" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[957,1135,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">C. punctiferalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFB0F7F6DFAD5F9A7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1163,1345,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">C. semifascialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species complex, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFEBC7F09FE00F983" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[312,404,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFEBC7F09FE00F983" box="[312,404,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFE317F09FDE5F983" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[437,625,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFE317F09FDE5F983" box="[437,625,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD317F09FBA0F983" box="[693,1076,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFD317F09FCF0F983" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[693,868,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">C. punctiferalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFC057F09FBA0F983" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[897,1076,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">C. semifascialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species complex comprises (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFA067F09FEB1F96F" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFA067F09FEB1F96F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFEC67FD5FE60F96F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[322,500,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFEC67FD5FE60F96F" box="[322,500,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. semifascialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1) +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFDF67FD5FCD3F96F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[626,839,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFDF67FD5FD1FF960" box="[626,651,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD327FD5FCD3F96F" box="[694,839,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">semifascialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFC007FD5FBC2F96F" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[900,1110,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC007FD5FC0AF960" box="[900,926,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC4D7FD5FBC2F96F" box="[969,1110,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFBF07FD5FAB1F96F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1140,1317,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFBF07FD5FAB1F96F" box="[1140,1317,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. semifascialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F595313FFE0E32AFF437FF1FC72F8BA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
|
||
COI analysis revealed that the percent of interspecific sequence variation, measured as p—distance, is 5.56– 6.00% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFECE7F9DFD91F917" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[330,517,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFECE7F9DFD91F917" box="[330,517,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFDBF7F9DFD00F917" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[571,660,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFDBF7F9DFD00F917" box="[571,660,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. pluto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 6.00–6.89% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFC407F9DFBEAF917" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[964,1150,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFC407F9DFBEAF917" box="[964,1150,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFB307F9DFAF6F917" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1204,1378,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFB307F9DFAF6F917" box="[1204,1378,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lowest p—distance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFE167FB9FDD9F8F3" authorityName="Shashank & Kammar & Mally & Chakravarthy" authorityYear="2018" box="[402,589,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFE167FB9FDD9F8F3" box="[402,589,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFD387FB9FCF9F8F3" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[700,877,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD387FB9FCF9F8F3" box="[700,877,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. semifascialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1 with 5.11–6.00%; the closest p—distance of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFF6B7E45FE3DF8DF" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[239,425,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFF6B7E45FE3DF8DF" box="[239,425,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. semifascialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1, however, is to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98E62890FFE0E32AFD607E45FC0EF8DF" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[740,922,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Conogethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D928F01FFE0E32AFD607E45FC0EF8DF" box="[740,922,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">C. punctiferalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 2.00–3.11%. Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="126466A8FFE0E32AFAC57E5AFA08F8DF" box="[1345,1436,1807,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[120,197,511,531]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of Conogethes samples usedin thegenetic analyses.BOLD BIN numbers are provided,where available,in brackets afterthe species names.All samples anddata are retrievable" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
summarises the intra- and interspecific p—distances of all sampled species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |