150 lines
14 KiB
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150 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.33.5061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249255" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-33-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7D155703F503537C5C5AFFCDF60FFFE6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574823" ModsDocID="1314-2607-33-63" checkinTime="1621553024816" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sarzetti, Laura C., Genise, Jorge F., Sanchez, M. Victoria, Farina, Juan L. & Molina, M. Alejandra" docDate="2013" docId="3833B055B0AA439FE9154B36F9CCD456" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33" docPubDate="2013-08-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.33.5061" docTitle="Diphaglossa gayi Spinola 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7D155703F503537C5C5AFFCDF60FFFE6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="7D155703F503537C5C5AFFCDF60FFFE6" masterDocTitle="Nesting behavior and ecological preferences of five Diphaglossinae species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Colletidae) from Argentina and Chile" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="63" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1643537343696" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Nesting behavior and ecological preferences of five Diphaglossinae species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Colletidae) from Argentina and Chile</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sarzetti, Laura C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Division Icnologia, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405. Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lsarzetti@macn.gov.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Genise, Jorge F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Division Icnologia, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405. Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, M. Victoria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Division Icnologia, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405. Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Farina, Juan L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales " Lorenzo Scaglia ", Area Entomologia, Av. Libertad 3099, Plaza Espana, 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Molina, M. Alejandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Instituto Superior de Entomologia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 S. M. de Tucuman, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-08-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>33</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>63</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.33.5061</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.33.5061</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-33-63</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574823</mods:identifier>
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<subSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3833B055B0AA439FE9154B36F9CCD456" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3833B055B0AA439FE9154B36F9CCD456" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Diphaglossa_gayi" authority="Spinola, 1851" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Diphaglossa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diphaglossa gayi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gayi">Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" type="localities and nesting sites">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Localities and nesting sites.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
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The observations were carried out during November 8th, 2009 and February 10th, 2011 beside the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Negro Bridge (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="57.433" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-42.95722">42°57.433'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="39.233" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.653885">72°39.233'W</geoCoordinate>
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) and during November 9th, 2009 and February, 15th, 2011 at Lonconao
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="72" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="south" minutes="13.007" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-43.21678">43°13.007'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="55.143" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.91905">71°55.143'W</geoCoordinate>
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), both localities from the Palena province (Region de Los Lagos, Chile). The nesting sites occur in the glades of hygrophilous evergreen forests with a MAT around 11° C and MAP around 2500-3000 mm. Two nests were excavated. The first nest was located in a steep slope in a farm beside the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Negro Bridge (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="9" pageNumber="72">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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), where
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="73" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
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the second was excavated in a low vertical section of the soil in another farm at Lonconao (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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). At both localities, the soil, composed of silty to very fine sandy material and devoid of rocks, contained grass rhizomes, some roots, and earthworm burrows. The soil cover consisted of a combination of dense grasses and dicots (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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), and the subsurface contained a thin ash layer produced by the Chaiten eruption of May 2008.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" start="Figures 38–43" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Figures 38-43.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Diphaglossa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gayi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">Diphaglossa gayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Spinola, 1851.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">38</emphasis>
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General view of the nesting site beside the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Negro Bridge, Chile
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">39</emphasis>
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general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">40</emphasis>
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tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">41</emphasis>
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main tunnel
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">42</emphasis>
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nest architecture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="73">43</emphasis>
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cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="74" type="daily activity">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="74" start="start">Daily</pageBreakToken>
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activity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="74">On November 8th, 2009 the first nest was found around 06:00 pm and the female was observed entering the nest with pollen around 07:00 pm. On November 9th, 2009 the second nest was found also around 06:00 pm and the female was inside the main tunnel.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="74" type="description of nests">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Description of nests.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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The Rio Negro nest showed an open circular entrance, 0.5 cm in diameter, which was surrounded by an eccentric tumulus, roughly 4.6 cm wide and 5.2 cm long. The tumulus was composed of soil pellets, probably of the recently deposited subsurface ash layer, which were paler than the soil surface (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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). The Lonconao nest was located in a vertical cut, thus the entrance, 0.7 in diameter, lacked a tumulus. Both nests share the same general structure. The main tunnel, circular in cross section, 32-38 cm long, was nearly straight and slightly inclined downwards, ending in a vertical segment 8 cm long (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Figs 41 and 42</figureCitation>
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). Its maximum diameter was 0.7-1.0 cm. Each nest contained four closed cells arranged in two pairs, one pair near the middle portion of the main tunnel, and the other near the end. It is possible that both cells were connected to the main tunnel by a common lateral, filled with soil when the nest was excavated (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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). The cellswere vertical, rounded at the bottom, and the neck was strongly curved (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Rio Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11780" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Figs 42 and 43</figureCitation>
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). The vertical portion of the cells was 2 cm long and 1 cm in maximum diameter (n: 8). The neck was 0.7 cm in diameter. The inner surface of cells and the neck was lined with a whitish semitransparent, cellophane-like material. The cells in both nests contained one egg laying on top of the semiliquid provisions. The cell closure was not observed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |