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<mods:title id="6C78B5C8444198E56067778A05C23EA8">Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AD35F801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4437263" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4437263" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AD35F801" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AD35F801" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AC3EF9CA" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4ACCBFAA6" blockId="21.[151,642,1347,1374]" box="[151,642,1347,1374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
<heading id="D0AA818BFFA8FFB1FF22FAF4ACCBFAA6" bold="true" box="[151,642,1347,1374]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4ACCBFAA6" bold="true" box="[151,642,1347,1374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AFABFAA6" ID-CoL="4WV6" ID-ENA="611357" authority="Sparck" authorityName="Sparck" box="[151,482,1347,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Heterotrissocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AFCBFAA5" bold="true" box="[151,386,1347,1374]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Heterotrissocladius</emphasis>
Spärck
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13662A62FFA8FFB1FE47FAF4AC33FAA6" box="[498,634,1347,1373]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4348" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4953" captionStartId-0="20.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1433,189,1916]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1428,199,1616]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@20.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@22.[151,1436,199,1618]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="FIGURES 4348. Eukiefferiella brevicalcar-type: 43—head capsule. Eukiefferiella claripennis-type B: 44—head capsule. Eukiefferiella devonica-type: 45—head capsule. Eukiefferiella fittkaui-type: 46—head capsule. Gymnometriocnemus/Bryophaenocladius: 47 (arrow indicates ventromental plate). Heterotrissocladius marcidus-type: 48—antenna." captionText-1="FIGURES 4953. Heterotrissocladius marcidus-type: 49—premandible. H. marcidus-type: 50—head capsule. Limnophyes/ Paralimnophyes: 51—head capsule. Paralimnophyes: 52—head capsule, A—detail of mandible. Metriocnemus eurynotus-type: 53—head capsule." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396852" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396856" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4396852/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4396856/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Figs 4850</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF22FA3DAC3EF9CA" blockId="21.[151,1437,1418,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
Head capsule yellow, occipital margin pale or darkened. Antenna 7-segmented, seventh segment vestigial (
<figureCitation id="13662A62FFA8FFB1FA89FA3DABD9FA5F" box="[1340,1424,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURES 4348" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,189,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 4348. Eukiefferiella brevicalcar-type: 43—head capsule. Eukiefferiella claripennis-type B: 44—head capsule. Eukiefferiella devonica-type: 45—head capsule. Eukiefferiella fittkaui-type: 46—head capsule. Gymnometriocnemus/Bryophaenocladius: 47 (arrow indicates ventromental plate). Heterotrissocladius marcidus-type: 48—antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4396852/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Premandible with two indistinct teeth (
<figureCitation id="13662A62FFA8FFB1FDFEFA1AACD6FA3C" box="[587,671,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURES 4953" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,199,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-19@22.[151,1436,199,1618]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 4953. Heterotrissocladius marcidus-type: 49—premandible. H. marcidus-type: 50—head capsule. Limnophyes/ Paralimnophyes: 51—head capsule. Paralimnophyes: 52—head capsule, A—detail of mandible. Metriocnemus eurynotus-type: 53—head capsule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4396856/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Apical mandibular tooth shorter than combined width of 34 inner teeth. Mentum with two (rarely one) median teeth (sometimes accessory teeth are present) and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. First and second lateral teeth clearly longer than other three lateral teeth. Ventromental plates distinct, bulbous, extended beyond margin of mentum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA8FFB1FF72F98DAD35F801" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF72F98DAABFF945" blockId="21.[151,1437,1418,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FE88F98DAC50F9AF" box="[317,537,1594,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Heterotrissocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FE88F98DAC50F9AF" box="[317,537,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Heterotrissocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FD0FF98DADC8F9AF" authorityName="Zavrel" authorityYear="1937" box="[698,897,1594,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratrissocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FD0FF98DADC8F9AF" box="[698,897,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Paratrissocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however the latter has 4 lateral mental teeth. Subfossil remains without antennae and labro-epipharyngeal region could be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FB71F9EAAB20F98C" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[1220,1385,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Psectrocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FB71F9EAAB20F98C" box="[1220,1385,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Psectrocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FF22F937AF70F961" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,313,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FF22F937AF70F961" box="[151,313,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Chaetocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that have distinct ventromental plates. However, the outmost lateral tooth is usually reduced in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FAEDF937AEB7F946" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FAEDF937AEB7F946" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Chaetocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and ventromental plates of obviously triangular shape with weak beard in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FBFCF914AAA7F946" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[1097,1262,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Psectrocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FBFCF914AAA7F946" box="[1097,1262,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Psectrocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF72F970AC12F91A" blockId="21.[151,1437,1418,1761]" box="[199,603,1735,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">One morphotype was distinguished.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF22F887ACD2F8B0" blockId="21.[151,667,1840,1867]" box="[151,667,1840,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FF22F887AFB8F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,497,1840,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Heterotrissocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcidus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FF22F887AFB8F8B1" box="[151,497,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Heterotrissocladius marcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="54E68845FFA8FFB1FE4CF886AC64F8B0" box="[505,557,1841,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13662A62FFA8FFB1FD88F887ACDAF8B0" box="[573,659,1840,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 4953" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,199,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-19@22.[151,1436,199,1618]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 4953. Heterotrissocladius marcidus-type: 49—premandible. H. marcidus-type: 50—head capsule. Limnophyes/ Paralimnophyes: 51—head capsule. Paralimnophyes: 52—head capsule, A—detail of mandible. Metriocnemus eurynotus-type: 53—head capsule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4396856/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF22F8C0AB78F86A" blockId="21.[151,1437,1911,2043]" box="[151,1329,1911,1937]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Mentum with two median teeth. Submentum entirely pigmented, darker than the rest of the head capsule.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF72F82DAB51F823" blockId="21.[151,1437,1911,2043]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA8FFB1FE8CF82DAD79F84E" authority="(Walker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[313,816,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Heterotrissocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcidus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FE8CF82DACCBF84F" box="[313,642,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Heterotrissocladius marcidus</emphasis>
(Walker, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
is the only known species in the Tatra Mts. lakes, and it is considered to be the most common chironomid inhabiting the Tatra Mts. lakes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFA8FFB1FB9FF80AAB45F823" author="Bitusik, P. &amp; Svitok, M. &amp; Kolosta, P. &amp; Hubkova, M." box="[1066,1292,1981,2008]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237" pagination="191 - 201" refId="ref22960" refString="Bitusik, P., Svitok, M., Kolosta, P. &amp; Hubkova, M. (2006 a) Classification of the Tatra Mountains lakes (Slovakia) using chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae). Biologia, 61 (18), 191 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 006 - 0131 - 8" type="journal article" year="2006">
Bitušík
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA8FFB1FB31F809AAFCF82C" box="[1156,1205,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">et al</emphasis>
. 2006a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA8FFB1FF72F857AD35F801" blockId="21.[151,1437,1911,2043]" box="[199,892,2016,2043]" pageId="21" pageNumber="237">Subfossil remains were abundant in most of the studied lakes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>