190 lines
22 KiB
XML
190 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2060b92d-c547-4fce-85b3-83857b8b0dff" ID-PMC="PMC3487650" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-227-63" ID-PubMed="23166465" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-227-63" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 227" ModsDocTitle="New Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru, eastern Tahiti Nui, as a distinct area of endemism" checkinTime="1451248689101" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2012" docId="BACBD6C19DEB48A2E81087423297FDBE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 227: 63-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 227" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3797" docTitle="Mecyclothorax pirihao Liebherr, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FFB1FFA89F731D3AFF93FD2CFF88B227" masterDocTitle="New Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru, eastern Tahiti Nui, as a distinct area of endemism" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1668154542876" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru, eastern Tahiti Nui, as a distinct area of endemism</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>227</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>63</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3797</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3797</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-227-63</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037262" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3C0062F-AFBF-424D-A709-6A0B5C9414E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BACBD6C19DEB48A2E81087423297FDBE" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
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6.
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3C0062F-AFBF-424D-A709-6A0B5C9414E6" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax pirihao" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirihao">Mecyclothorax pirihao</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="80">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 4C5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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6C7C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
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This species and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax spinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">Mecyclothorax spinosus</taxonomicName>
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Perrault share the characteristics of: 1, two supraorbital setae and two dorsal elytral setae, therefore a setal formula of 2121; 2, deep, smooth and complete elytral striae 1-8; 3, regular transverse-mesh elytral microsculpture and feeble transverse microsculpture on the pronotal disc; and 4, sparsely punctate pronotal median base, the punctures small and separated by glossy areas with indistinct microsculpture. However the species can be easily distinguished by the pronotal hind angles, which are obtuse-rounded in this species (Fig. 4C) versus acute and distinctly projected in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax spinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">Mecyclothorax spinosus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Perrault, GG" journalOrPublisher="Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (NS)" pageId="27" pageNumber="90" pagination="57 - 70" title="La faune des Carabidae de Tahiti: IX. revision du genre Mecyclothorax (Sharp) (Psydrini) 4. le groupe de M. globosus Britton (Coleoptera)." volume="6" year="1989">Perrault 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 22). The pronotal median base is also narrower in this species, MPW/BPW = 1.83-1.90 (n = 5), versus 1.59 -1.63 (n = 2) in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax spinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">Mecyclothorax spinosus</taxonomicName>
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. The male aedeagal median lobe apex is also dramatically different: downturned with a slight ventral projection in this species (Figs 5D-E), versus dorsally spinose in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax spinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">Mecyclothorax spinosus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Perrault, GG" journalOrPublisher="Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (NS)" pageId="27" pageNumber="90" pagination="57 - 70" title="La faune des Carabidae de Tahiti: IX. revision du genre Mecyclothorax (Sharp) (Psydrini) 4. le groupe de M. globosus Britton (Coleoptera)." volume="6" year="1989">Perrault 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 13). Finally, individuals of this species are larger; standardized body length 4.2-5.0 mm, versus 4.1 mm for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax spinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">Mecyclothorax spinosus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
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Head capsule with slightly convergentfrontal grooves, triangularly depressed posterad frontoclypeal suture, the apex directed medially onto frons, terminated narrowly mesad thin carina immediately inside dorsal supraorbital seta, frons
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="81" start="start">crossed</pageBreakToken>
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by numerous fine transverse wrinkles emenating from groove; frons and vertex convex medially, neck not depressed; ocular lobe moderately protruded, joined to gena at broad, shallow groove; ocular ratio 1.47-1.51, ocular lobe ratio 0.81-0.89; labral anterior margin angularly emarginated medially ⅛
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; antennomeres 1-3 glabrous except for apical setae, minute pore sensilla visible across surface; antennae elongate filiform, eighth segment length 2.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximal breadth; mentum tooth sides defining acute angle, apex rounded. Pronotum extremely constricted basally, moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.17-1.25 (n = 5); lateral margin slightly to distinctly sinuate anterad obtuse, rounded, glabrous hind angle; median base moderately depressed relative to disc, margin with disc lined with 4-5 small, circular punctures, 12-13 smaller punctures posteriorly across each side of base; basal margin slightly convex between laterobasal depressions, margin posterad depression slightly expanded posteriorly inside hind angle; median longitudinal impression finely incised, shallow, present as lenticular depression at front of median base; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow, unmargined anteriorly in middle of disc, finely incised in outer half of breadth each side; anterior callosity slightly convex, depressed relative to disc, crossed with fine longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly protruded, rounded; distance between front angles visibly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.10-1.20 (n = 5); lateral marginal depression very narrow at midlength, slightly wider at front angle, bead broader along sinuate basolateral margin; laterobasal depression narrow, sinuously defined laterally by broadened marginal bead, medially by punctate edge of median base; proepisternum with 5-6 distinct punctures along hind margin, about 5 punctures along hind margin of proepimeron; prosternal process broadly margined laterally, narrowly depressed medially between procoxae. Elytra oblong, sides subparallel at midlength, disc flat near suture; basal groove well developed, curved anterolaterally to angulate humerus; humeri proximate, MEW/HuW = 2.42-2.56 (n = 5); parascutellar seta present, situated in middle of sutural stria; parascutellar striole 4-5-punctate, continuous; sutural interval and lateral intervals of similar convexity basally, sutural interval narrower and convexly upraised to meet at suture apically; all striae evident in basal half, striae 1-6 moderately deep, minutely punctate at strial depth, stria 7 shallower but complete, nearly smooth; all striae complete at apex, sutural stria deep and fine, stria 7 deep and broad, the eighth interval convexly subcarinate apicad the subapical sinuation; dorsal elytral setae in evident depressions that cross half to the entire width of interval 3, setae positioned at 0.21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.24×">-0.24x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.54
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.59×">-0.59x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length; apical elytral seta present, subapical seta absent in most individuals, rarely present unilaterally; lateral elytral setae 7 + 6; elytral marginal depression narrow at humerus but margin upraised, margin upraised laterally, more beadlike as depression narrows to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation very shallow, elytral margin straight. Mesepisternum with 11 punctures in 1-2 vertical rows; metepisternum elongate, width to length ratio 0.68; metepisternum separated from metepimeron by distinct suture; metathoracic flight wing a triangular flap with inner and posterior margins of equal length, apex of longer lateral margin extended 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance to hind margin of metanotum; rudiments of R and M veins visible, not melanic, the same coloration as vestigium membrane. Abdomen with visible ventrites
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="82" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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-5 irregularly wrinkled laterally, ventrites 3-6 with round depressions laterally; suture between visible ventrites 2 and 3 effaced laterally. Legs gracile, metatarsomere 1 length 0.24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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metatibial length; metatarsomere 4 emarginated apically, overall length 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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median tarsomere length; metatarsomere 4 with apical and subapical setae; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad and shallow, tarsomere dorsal surface medially subcarinate. Microsculpture of head an indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length, sculpticells most visible just outside area of reflected light; pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length, mixed with glossy patches; pronotal median base glossy, indistinct isodiametric sculpticells visible along edge of reflected light; elytral disc with regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–5×">-5x</normalizedToken>
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length; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length; metasternum glossy, elongate transverse mesh visible in part; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with shallow, swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells. Coloration of head rufobrunneous, piceous cast in frontal grooves, clypeus rufoflavous; antennomere 1 flavous, antennomeres 2-11 rufoflavous; pronotal disc brunneous, margins slightly paler; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc brunneous wih silvery metallic reflection; sutural interval pale rufous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral margin concolorous with disc at humerus, deepest part of lateral depression rufoflavous in apical half; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufobrunneous; visible abdominal ventrites 1-3 rufobrunneous, ventrites 4-6 rufoflavous; apical half of apical abdominal ventrite flavous; metafemur flavous with brunneous cast; metatibia flavous, carina associated with longitudinal setal series darker, brunneous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
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Male genitalia. (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe evenly curved and of subequal diameter from basal bulb to ostial opening, apex with rounded dorsal projection at base, the downturned tip rounded to tightly rounded (Figs 5D, E); median lobe straight in euventral view; internal sac with broad ventral microtrichial field but without spicules; flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from parameral articulation to distal face of apex; parameres extended 0.83
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from parameral articulation to apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
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Female reproductive tract. (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix shape columnar, length 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximal breadth compressed on microslide (Fig. 6C), membranous surface wrinkled and unevenly stained with Chlorazol Black; spermatheca obovate, broadest near apex, reservoir about 0.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of spermathecal duct that enters dorsal wall of bursa dorsad the basally broad common oviduct; membranous ramus mesad basal gonocoxite 1 very long, extended as a fold in dorsal vagina wall to apex of basal gonocoxite 1 (Figs 6C, 7C); basal gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae along middle of coxite apex, plus 3 smaller setae near apicomedial angle (Fig. 7C); 2-3 very small setae in medial half of basal gonocoxite; apical gonocoxite 2 broad basally, base broadly extended laterally, with 2 subequal lateral ensiform setae, 1 narrower dorsal ensiform seta, and 2 moderately elongate apical nematiform seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
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Holotype male (MNHN) labeled: French Polynesia: Tahiti Nui / Mt. Mauru trail nr. pylon 3 / el. 1010 m 5-IX-2006 lot 03 /
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.6349">17°38.094'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-149.36789">149°22.073'W</geoCoordinate>
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/ beating
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blechnum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Blechnum</taxonomicName>
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fern / fronds J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / pirihao / J.K.
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="26" pageNumber="89" pagination="37 - 80" title="The first precinctive Carabidae from Moorea, Society Islands: new Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera) from the summit of Mont Tohiea." url="10.3897/zookeys.224.3675" volume="224" year="2012">Liebherr 2012</bibRefCitation>
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(black-bordered red label).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="83" start="start">Allotype</pageBreakToken>
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female (MNHN) labeled as holotype except for allotype designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="83" type="other paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">Other paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">
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SOCIETY ISLANDS: Tahiti Nui; Mauru, pylon 3 to 4, 1010 m el.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-17.634666">17°38.08'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-149.36783">149°22.07'W</geoCoordinate>
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, beating
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blechnum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Blechnum</taxonomicName>
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fern, 05-ix-2006 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicranopteris" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicranopteris</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blechnum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Blechnum</taxonomicName>
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, 06-ix-2006 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 2; NMNH 1); pylon trail, 960-1010 m el.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-17.634666">17°38.08'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-149.36783">149°22.07'W</geoCoordinate>
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, beating ferns, 06-ix-2006 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 3; NMNH, 1); 880-960 m el.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-17.634167">17°38.05'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-149.361">149°21.66'W</geoCoordinate>
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, beating ferns, 06-ix-2006 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 2); above pylon 4, cloud forest, 1100-1110 m el.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-17.631666">17°37.90'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-149.37233">149°22.34'W</geoCoordinate>
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, beating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Weinmannia" order="Oxalidales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Weinmannia</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melicope</taxonomicName>
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, 20-ix-2006 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), 1080 m el.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-17.632">17°37.92'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-149.372">149°22.32'W</geoCoordinate>
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, pyrethrin fog fern frond tangles, 20-ix-2006 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), 20-ix-2006 lot 03, Ewing (EMEC, 6).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">
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The Tahitian word pirihao, meaning narrow, constricted, or close (
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<bibRefCitation author="Wahlroos, S" journalOrPublisher="The Ma'ohi Heritage Press, Honolulu, Hawai'i" pageId="27" pageNumber="90" title="English-Tahitian Tahitian-English Dictionary." year="2002">Wahlroos 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), is used to signify the basally constricted pronotum characterizing this species. As Tahitian, the species epithet pirihao is to be used as a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="83">
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This is the most commonly encountered, and most broadly distributed species within the elevational range so far sampled on Mauru, having been collected in habitats at 880-1110 m elevation. However, 20 of the 22 specimens were collected in association with ferns of either the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blechnum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Blechnum</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicranopteris" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicranopteris</taxonomicName>
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, and only 2 were associated with flowering plants; a mixed beating sample from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Weinmannia" order="Oxalidales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Weinmannia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melicope</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |