183 lines
19 KiB
XML
183 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="22E44AEC2346AA9C6DDDB62782FC1E6D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D78FB87142EC83877B3888333A80F391">
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<mods:title id="BCF38A92A8B96CD5D23B50CBF5B67C3F">Miniopteridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7EBF53A42A2E4926482286623A940EE2">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9A422CFA57C971D3A1F70189A7B5C5DB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E8B28B86FAF4BEF51825D05DACD47A0A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="12FCF98706CFCF3C64395399E68DDA9D">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="430372C0BA0CAE762B1A5E1BA3416EB3" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="9E10B8B72AE55B33720B838EBC5AE8E4">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="2D788CC016F63F4B11B38391CC4A3490">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9C8689B182EA55B9C9B33993098AFEF4">
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<mods:title id="97B19EB8F1887D924D917AF1707E3A96">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="476DB9BFD99AF90939ADEBC6FFEA5DEA">674</mods:start>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0F3EF41B14843A3C" box="[1396,1451,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0F3EF41B14843A3C" blockId="6.[1391,2537,3063,3190]" box="[1396,1451,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="3B168183FFD0D65E0F3EF41B14843A3C" box="[1396,1451,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<figureCitation id="F8DA2A6AFFD0D65E0F3EF41B14843A3C" box="[1396,1451,3063,3109]" captionStart="Plate 52: Miniopteridae" captionStartId="2.[117,147,3330,3355]" captionTargetBox="[11,2764,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Asian Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus), 2. Large Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus magnater), 3. Small Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus pusillus), 4. Intermediate Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus meduius), 5. Ryukyu Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus fuscus), 6. Eschscholtz’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus eschscholtzii), 7. Philippine Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus paululus), 8. Great Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus tristis), 9. Shortridge’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus shortridgei), 10. Javanese Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus blepotis), 11. Little Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus australis), 12. Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus macrocneme), 13. Loyalty Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus robustior), 14. Australian Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus orianae), 15. Pallid Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus pallidus), 16. Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus schreibersu), 17. Neghrohion Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus maghrebensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419162/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">13.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0FF1F41B16F33A3C" box="[1467,2012,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0FF1F41B16F33A3C" blockId="6.[1391,2537,3063,3190]" box="[1467,2012,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="3B168183FFD0D65E0FF1F41B16F33A3C" box="[1467,2012,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD0D65E0FF1F41B16F33A3C" box="[1467,2012,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Loyalty Long-fingered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0268F41B18883A3C" box="[2082,2471,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0268F41B18883A3C" blockId="6.[1391,2537,3063,3190]" box="[2082,2471,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="3B168183FFD0D65E0268F41B18883A3C" box="[2082,2471,3063,3109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD0D65E0268F41B18883A3C" ID-CoL="6RM87" authorityName="Revilliod" authorityYear="1914" box="[2082,2471,3063,3109]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E0268F41B18883A3C" box="[2082,2471,3063,3109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Miniopterus robustior</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0F3BF3DB16493A6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0F3BF3DB18C63A55" blockId="6.[1391,2537,3063,3190]" box="[1393,2537,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="3B168183FFD0D65E0F3BF3DB18C63A55" box="[1393,2537,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E0F3BF3DB14933A55" bold="true" box="[1393,1468,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD0D65E0F8CF3DB179C3A55" box="[1478,1715,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Minioptere des Loyauté</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E0C8DF3DB160D3A55" bold="true" box="[1735,1826,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD0D65E0D66F3DB19BB3A55" box="[1836,2196,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Loyalty-Inseln-Langfllgelfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E02E3F3DB182A3A55" bold="true" box="[2217,2309,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD0D65E0345F3DB18B53A55" box="[2319,2458,3127,3148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Miniéptero de</vernacularName>
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Loyalty
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0F3AF38C16493A6C" blockId="6.[1391,2537,3063,3190]" box="[1392,1894,3168,3189]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="3B168183FFD0D65E0F3AF38C16493A6C" box="[1392,1894,3168,3189]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E0F3AF38C17483A6C" bold="true" box="[1392,1639,3168,3189]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD0D65E0C38F38C16493A6C" box="[1650,1894,3168,3189]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Loyalty Bent-winged Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0F3AF34E18B93ADA" box="[1392,2454,3234,3267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0F3AF34E18B93ADA" blockId="6.[1391,2602,3234,3470]" box="[1392,2454,3234,3267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E0F3AF34E17243ADA" bold="true" box="[1392,1547,3234,3267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD0D65E0C50F34E18BE3ADA" ID-CoL="6RM87" authority="Revilliod" authorityName="Revilliod" authorityYear="1858" box="[1562,2449,3234,3267]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="australis" subSpecies="robustior">Miniopterus australis robustior Revilliod in Sarasin & Roux, 1914</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E03EEF34E19103AF3" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E03EEF34E19103AF3" blockId="6.[1391,2602,3234,3470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<materialsCitation id="D0893CB2FFD0D65E03EEF34E19103AF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3747914311" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">“Iles Loyalty [= Loyalty Islands]: Lifou [Island], Quépénéé.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0F3BF31C16BE3B78" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0F3BF31C16BE3B78" blockId="6.[1391,2602,3234,3470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD0D65E0F3BF31C17AA3B08" authorityName="Revilliod" authorityYear="1914" box="[1393,1669,3312,3345]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">Miniopterus robustior</taxonomicName>
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was originally described as a “giant” subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD0D65E0301F31C18C83B08" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1858" box="[2379,2535,3312,3345]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="698" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">M. australis</taxonomicName>
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, but cranial characteristics clearly point to a distinct species and a diminutive member of the
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD0D65E0FE2F2AC17343B78" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[1448,1563,3392,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">M. tristis</taxonomicName>
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species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD0D65E0F3AF28B19B03B91" box="[1392,2207,3431,3464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" type="distribution">
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<caption id="349E6667FFD0D65E0F3AF28B19B03B91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5735240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5735240" box="[1392,2207,3431,3464]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5735240/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="697" targetBox="[185,776,279,693]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD0D65E0F3AF28B19B03B91" blockId="6.[1391,2602,3234,3470]" box="[1392,2207,3431,3464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD0D65E0F3AF28B170F3B91" bold="true" box="[1392,1568,3431,3464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Loyalty Is (Lifou and Maré),
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<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD0D65E0D89F28B19B43B91" box="[1987,2203,3431,3464]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="697">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F096AFEE3144935BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="description">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F096AFEE3144935BF" blockId="7.[799,1393,271,698]" lastBlockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F096AFEE315363729" bold="true" box="[800,1049,271,304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 43-49 mm, tail 37-5-46 mm, ear 11-5-13 mm, hindfoot 7-8-9 mm, forearm 39-42.-2 mm. Pelage of the Loyalty Long-fingered Bat is uniform brown, somewhat lighter on venter than on dorsum. Upper surface of uropatagium is hairy on its anterior part. Wing is inserted into tarsus. Tragus has the same width along all its length and is barely curved on upper part; its outer edge is not serrated. Loyalty Long-fingered Bats occur in sympatry with more widely distributed Little Long-fingered Bats (
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD1D65F0E8FFD53144E34F9" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1858" box="[1221,1377,703,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">M. australis</taxonomicName>
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) and Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bats (
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<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD1D65F095DFD0B12CA3511" authorityName="Revilliod" authorityYear="1914" box="[791,997,743,776]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocneme">M. macrocneme</taxonomicName>
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). The simple, straight tragus with blunt rounded tip is useful to distinguish the Loyalty Long-fingered Bat from the Little Long-fingered Bat and the Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bat. Ear and forearm of the Loyalty Long-fingered Bat are longer than in the Little L.ong-fingered Bat, and tibia (14-3-15-8 mm) is shorter than in the Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF3FC4012E635D4" box="[185,969,940,973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF3FC4012E635D4" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" box="[185,969,940,973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF3FC40100735D4" bold="true" box="[185,296,940,973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Coral atolls barely above an elevation of
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<quantity id="A7199B0AFFD1D65F093AFC4012EA35D4" box="[880,965,940,973]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF3FC3815143205" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF3FC3815143205" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF3FC38109335EC" bold="true" box="[185,444,980,1013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but other long-fingered bats feed mainly on soft insects captured in flight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF3FBCF1462325D" box="[185,1357,1059,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF3FBCF1462325D" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" box="[185,1357,1059,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
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||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF3FBCF106F325D" bold="true" box="[185,320,1059,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Several maternity colonies were found with pregnant females in October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF2FBA6105632F8" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF2FBA6105632F8" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF2FBA6108C3272" bold="true" box="[184,419,1098,1131]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Loyalty Long-fingered Bat is thought to be nocturnal. It is strictly cave dwelling. There are about seven caves distributed on Lifou and Maré islands used as roosts. Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, with peak frequencies of 42-45 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF3FB041562334E" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF3FB041562334E" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF3FB0412B73310" bold="true" box="[185,920,1256,1289]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Loyalty Long-fingered Bat forms reproductive colonies of ¢.1000-1500 individuals, often sharing roosts with Little Long-fingered Bats and Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF0FAB215C333EC" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF0FAB215C333EC" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF0FAB213323366" bold="true" box="[186,541,1374,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Extent of occurrence of the Loyalty Long-fingered Batis less than
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFD1D65F0997FA6A157633BE" box="[989,1113,1414,1447]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" unit="km" value="5000.0">5000 km</quantity>
|
||
? and its area of occupancy is less than
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFD1D65F0B95FA41136E33D7" box="[479,577,1453,1486]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
|
||
®. Its distribution is severely fragmented, and extent and quality of its natural habitat on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A225F80DFFD1D65F08E0FA38125833EC" box="[682,887,1492,1525]" country="New Caledonia" name="Province des Iles" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Loyalty Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
are continuing to decline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD1D65F0AF0F9E414433004" box="[186,1388,1544,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD1D65F0AF0F9E414433004" blockId="7.[184,1392,703,1565]" box="[186,1388,1544,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD1D65F0AF0F9E4107D3004" bold="true" box="[186,338,1544,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="698">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Brescia (2008d), Hill (1971c¢), Kirsch et al. (2002), Peterson (1981), Revilliod (1914), Tate (1941e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |