203 lines
22 KiB
XML
203 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="B38E77B5EDA963080C707B78022F4906" ID-CLB-Dataset="3251" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5735202" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1d7ccc4-c76c-4ac3-bdd4-c53c2f378b35" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5735202" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600872994229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="E84887F9FFC7D6490FD7FBD717103DEF" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Miniopteridae_674.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Miniopterus manavi Thomas 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="708" masterDocId="1471FF81FFD6D6580A4AFFEC112F3619" masterDocTitle="Miniopteridae" masterLastPageNumber="709" masterPageNumber="674" pageNumber="708" updateTime="1698845897616" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0C19BADB7C2117861802EB4C5C96BF52" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4E6AB2D35D4A50F7ACB16C3E52CF781E">
|
||
<mods:title id="64E2B0C1FF40B0F61FCF81B6EFC87A18">Miniopteridae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8307D16480F2D7AD69FA81E773019960" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="07265C0F711764CD78443F674993353A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="16A906A91C9D0031FE6F9B6B94C67126">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6AA2267006202CBBCE688272978A031F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="29654B85F958A84A545D6F9B913974E6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B930C37BEE87E3D29A2434F72167C296">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2F2B05799B41AEE01FDF71834DB294E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5D52189E1F388A30EAF9CFA0A7D5F1EC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="89099BBEB4D5351767F6E13CDF702305">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="836E33A9AEBBF1DA1EB630FD4047BB8D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="33A5CB86549CAD3FC415EA1B3AE41F5F">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="A2BD410462E3ADEDE71C4AC71AEAA522">2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="3FE2CC600A22B076531FEF447B81742C" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="62F2B2834C525D054379E60BDFA08A3B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="0AC195BF7F44D41EB0D767AA112CE97A">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="738E07E08CD6A7EF532FFF328F1DCB74">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6975D6A642D5F80A6ED1EA63603BD9FC">
|
||
<mods:title id="29F1E9D8A5918D9E26407AED150CDB26">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3EA6707CC194C677D5C14C6FA10BF1D8">
|
||
<mods:extent id="FB1588F1E9FED565F0B83510F84E9095" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="2DEC85F9AA775EC8F454F0DD0C23807C">674</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="260A70DCF4C2C06F4620AA43D64EEAAB">709</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="62806F453B4B63FF4070AC519FF42676">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="241541803B57538641D3BD9D96622B2C" type="CLB-Dataset">3251</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9E1A242F32A3E8074FE9DCF30D28E84D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5735202</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B395FEAA1D8BD212C1565B28824B7376" type="GBIF-Dataset">a1d7ccc4-c76c-4ac3-bdd4-c53c2f378b35</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="050DED916423ECB66DB097C09684EF63" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="928CE75C0DCA4364159AF83EB0BE4BC4" type="Zenodo-Dep">5735202</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="E84887F9FFC7D6490FD7FBD717103DEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5735357" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190874072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5735357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E84887F9FFC7D6490FD7FBD717103DEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E84887F9FFC7D6490FD7FBD717103DEF" lastPageNumber="708" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD7FBD714F93270" box="[1437,1494,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD7FBD714F93270" blockId="17.[1435,2625,1083,1209]" box="[1437,1494,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFC7D6490FD7FBD714F93270" box="[1437,1494,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8DA2A6AFFC7D6490FD7FBD714F93270" box="[1437,1494,1083,1129]" captionStart="Plate 53: Miniopteridae" captionStartId="12.[103,133,3284,3309]" captionTargetBox="[11,2761,17,3658]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="18. Villiers’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus villiersi), 19. Greater Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus inflatus), 20. Newton's Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus newtoni), 21. Least Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus minor), 22. Sandy Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus arenarius), 23. African Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus africanus), 24. Natal Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus natalensis), 25. Mozambican Long-fingered Bat (Muniopterus mossambicus), 26. Lesser Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus fraterculus), 27. Aellen’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus aelleni), 28. Griveaud’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus griveaudi), 29. Glen’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus gleni), 30. Madagascar Long-fingered Bat (Manaopterus brachytragos), 31. Montagne d’Ambre Long-fingered Bat (Minaiopterus ambohitrenss), 32. Major’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus majori), 33. Eger’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus egent), 34. Manavil Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus manai), 35. Sororcula Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus sororculus), 36. Peterson’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus petersoni), 37. Mahafaly Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus mahafaliensis), 38. Griffiths’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus griffiths)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419164/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">34.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FADFBD719383270" box="[1511,2071,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FADFBD719383270" blockId="17.[1435,2625,1083,1209]" box="[1511,2071,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFC7D6490FADFBD719383270" box="[1511,2071,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFC7D6490FADFBD719383270" box="[1511,2071,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Manavil Long-fingered Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490203FBD718E03270" box="[2121,2511,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490203FBD718E03270" blockId="17.[1435,2625,1083,1209]" box="[2121,2511,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFC7D6490203FBD718E03270" box="[2121,2511,1083,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D6490203FBD718E03270" ID-CoL="43JSJ" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[2121,2511,1083,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manavi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490203FBD718E03270" box="[2121,2511,1083,1129]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Miniopterus manavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD6FB9016B732A1" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD6FB901B6F3288" blockId="17.[1435,2625,1083,1209]" box="[1436,2624,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFC7D6490FD6FB901B6F3288" box="[1436,2624,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD6FB9014C93288" bold="true" box="[1436,1510,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFC7D6490FBAFB9017F53288" box="[1520,1754,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Minioptére des Betsileo</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490CA7FB9016683288" bold="true" box="[1773,1863,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFC7D6490D05FB9019C43288" box="[1871,2283,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Zentral-Madagaskar-Langflligelfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D64902B5FB9018773288" bold="true" box="[2303,2392,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFC7D6490328FB901B6F3288" box="[2402,2624,1148,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Minidptero de Betsileo</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD6FB4F16B732A1" blockId="17.[1435,2625,1083,1209]" box="[1436,1944,1187,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFC7D6490FD6FB4F16B732A1" box="[1436,1944,1187,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD6FB4F17BC32A1" bold="true" box="[1436,1683,1187,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFC7D6490CD7FB4F16B732A1" box="[1693,1944,1187,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Manavil Bent-winged Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D649024AFB0919673337" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D649024AFB0919673337" blockId="17.[2047,2641,1253,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D649024AFB0919B6331F" bold="true" box="[2048,2201,1253,1286]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D64902F9FB09196B3337" ID-CoL="43JSJ" authority="Thomas, 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manavi">Miniopterus manavi Thomas, 1906</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490210FAFD1977334C" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490210FAFD1977334C" blockId="17.[2047,2641,1253,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D0893CB2FFC7D6490210FAFD1977334C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3747914330" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
“Imasindrary, N.E. Betsileo,”
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFC7D64903B6FAFD197A334C" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D649024BFAB0184E30F9" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D649024BFAB01B6133D5" blockId="17.[2047,2641,1253,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D649024BFAB0183F3364" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[2049,2320,1372,1405]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manavi">Miniopterus manavi</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been considered the common species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D649032FFA6F1B2E33BD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1837" box="[2405,2561,1411,1444]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Miniopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the widest distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFC7D64903EFFA471B6533D5" box="[2469,2634,1451,1484]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D649024AFA3E184E30F9" blockId="17.[2047,2641,1253,1681]" lastBlockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
Nevertheless, recent genetic studies have shown it to represent a species complex with at least six species, several of them not even phylogenetically related. Some recognized characteristics of the life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D6490C4EF97B17B730A1" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[1540,1688,1687,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manavi">M. manavi</taxonomicName>
|
||
date back to before the group was split, which makes it difficult to assign them to specific lineages so they are omitted here. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F90A16753136" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="349E6667FFC7D6490FD1F90A16753136" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5735302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5735302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5735302/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" targetBox="[1433,2024,1263,1678]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F90A16753136" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F90A1764311E" bold="true" box="[1435,1611,1766,1799]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Restricted to highlands of C
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFC7D6490DA2F90A19A2311E" box="[2024,2189,1766,1799]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Fandriana S to Ranomafana (Ifanadiana) and Vinanitelo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F8D51B173F11" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F8D51B173F11" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F8D517BE314F" bold="true" box="[1435,1681,1849,1878]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body c.
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFC7D6490D11F8D516ED314F" box="[1883,1986,1849,1878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFC7D6490243F8D51943314F" box="[2057,2156,1849,1878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFC7D64902FCF8D51838314F" box="[2230,2327,1849,1878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFC7D64903E7F8D518D0314F" box="[2477,2559,1849,1878]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 37-6-39-2 mm; weight 6-4 g (single individual except for forearm length). Dorsal hairs of the Manavil Long-fingered Bat are of medium length (c.
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFC7D6490354F868185831BC" box="[2334,2423,1924,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). General color is blackish, with hairs blackish along two-thirds their length and having dull brown tips. Underparts are similar but rather paler. Some specimens are dull reddish throughout, representing a rufous morph, but others have coal black backs and slightly lighter bellies, which is best considered a reddish brown red morph. Wing and tail membranes are dark brownish black. Uropatagium and plagiopatagium are attached to femur at same level above anklejoint. Fur extends thinly over nearly one-half of upper surface of uropatagium, being sparser on proximal ventral surface. Tragus (
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFC7D6490288F774183D3EA0" box="[2242,2322,2200,2233]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is relatively thin along distal two-thirds ofits length, medial margin has a flange, distal lateral portion is slightly enlarged and rounded, and distal medial tip terminates with an angular straight edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F6FA16323FBF" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F6FA16323FBF" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F6FA17253F36" bold="true" box="[1435,1546,2326,2351]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Continuous forests, irrigated lowland rice paddies, secondary vegetation, and hillside rice at elevations of ¢.900-1500 m. In Ranomafana National Park, according to bat ultrasound recorders, the Manavil Long-fingered Bat seems to occur more frequently in forest fragments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F6401B313C72" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F6401B313C72" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F640178E3FD4" bold="true" box="[1435,1697,2476,2509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet mainly contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D6490D91F64019A73FD4" box="[2011,2184,2476,2509]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D64902D0F640171B3FEC" authority=", Coleoptera, and Hemiptera" authorityName="Coleoptera, and Hemiptera" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with lesser amounts of Blattodea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D6490242F63818723FEC" authority=", Ephemeroptera" authorityName="Ephemeroptera" box="[2056,2397,2516,2549]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera, Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D64903ECF6381B663FEC" box="[2470,2633,2516,2549]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Prey also included mosquitoes that serve as vectors of diseases such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D649032CF61718CC3C05" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[2406,2531,2555,2588]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anopheles</taxonomicName>
|
||
squamosus (Malaria, Rift Valley fever virus [RVFV]) and Wuchereria bancrofti and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFC7D6490334F5CE1B623C5A" box="[2430,2637,2594,2627]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Coquillettidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">Coquillettidia sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RVFV, West Nile virus [WNV]). Other prey is possibly fruit pests (e.g. Pandemis sp.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F59D163E3C8B" box="[1435,1809,2673,2706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F59D163E3C8B" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" box="[1435,1809,2673,2706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F59D170D3C8B" bold="true" box="[1435,1570,2673,2706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD3F57518633D28" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD3F57518633D28" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD3F57517AB3CA3" bold="true" box="[1433,1668,2713,2746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Manavil Long-fingered Bat is nocturnal. It uses caves as daytime shelters. Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, with maximum frequencies of 89-110 kHz, minimum frequency of 53 kHz, peak frequencies of 55-5-58-2 kHz, durations of 2-1-3 milliseconds, and intervals of 54-1-84-7 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F4DB18683D41" box="[1435,2375,2871,2904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F4DB18683D41" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" box="[1435,2375,2871,2904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F4DB19773D41" bold="true" box="[1435,2136,2871,2904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD1F4B218993D66" box="[1435,2486,2910,2943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD1F4B218993D66" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" box="[1435,2486,2910,2943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD1F4B217D63D66" bold="true" box="[1435,1785,2910,2943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFC7D6490FD6F46217103DEF" pageId="17" pageNumber="708" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFC7D6490FD6F46217103DEF" blockId="17.[1433,2642,1687,3062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFC7D6490FD6F462171D3DBE" bold="true" box="[1436,1586,2958,2983]" pageId="17" pageNumber="708">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Goodman, Maminirina, Bradman et al. (2009), Goodman, Ratrimomanarivo et al. (2008), Kemp et al. (2019), Monadjem, Razafimanahaka et al. (2017f), Ramasindrazana et al. (2011), Schoeman et al. (2015), Thomas (1906).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |