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<mods:title>Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus O’Brien &amp; Wibmer, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque, 2013</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nico M. Franz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Juliana Cardona-Duque</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Systematics and Biodiversity</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1080/14772000.2013.806371</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[882,1427,285,404]" box="[882,1427,285,308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">
<taxonomicName authority="Cardona-Duque &amp; Franz" authorityName="Cardona-Duque &amp; Franz" box="[882,1427,285,308]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[882,1157,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Perelleschus salpinflexus</emphasis>
Cardona-Duque &amp; Franz
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[882,1427,285,404]" box="[1115,1195,317,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[882,1427,285,404]" box="[961,1349,349,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[1008,1349,349,372]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[882,1427,285,404]" box="[1090,1220,381,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">
(
<figureCitation box="[1099,1211,381,404]" captionStart="Figs 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[158,201,1716,1737]" captionTargetBox="[173,1451,193,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[171,1452,191,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 7 – 11. Habitus and mouthparts of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (7) female, dorsal view; (8) female, lateral view; (9) labium, ventral view; (10) maxilla, dorsal view; (11) mandible, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Figs 7 &amp; 8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="213" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="5.[844,1467,445,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,960,445,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[973,1259,445,468]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[973,1259,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Perelleschus salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
is distinguished from other members of 
<taxonomicName box="[928,1060,509,532]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[928,1060,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Perelleschus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[1118,1466,509,532]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
by the following traits: integument slightly darkened; labial prementum slightly elongate (as opposed to subquadrate); antennal scape two-coloured, progressing from dark brown to more reddish brown; intercoxal projection of the mesosternum slightly emarginate; procoxa subglabrous; apodeme of male sternum IX slender; tegminal apodeme deflexed (as opposed to straight); apical margin of the aedeagus rounded (as opposed to projected); weak papillate sclerites present in the apical 1/3 of the endophallus; appendix of the spermatheca reduced and strongly deflexed; and apical portion of the cornu inclined clockwise or counter-clockwise. 
<taxonomicName box="[1147,1414,891,914]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[1147,1414,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Perelleschus salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[844,1185,923,946]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName box="[844,1005,955,978]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carludovicae">
<emphasis box="[844,1005,955,978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">P. carludovicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[1059,1401,955,978]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
by its smaller size, the shorter and sparser pilosity of the procoxae, the presence of papillate endophallic sclerites, and the triangular spermathecal appendix and curvation of the cornea. This species furthermore differs from 
<taxonomicName authority="Franz &amp; O'Brien" authorityName="Franz &amp; O'Brien" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evelynae">
<emphasis box="[1347,1465,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">P. evelynae</emphasis>
Franz &amp; O’Brien
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[1079,1421,1114,1137]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and 
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<emphasis box="[844,968,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">P. variabilis</emphasis>
Franz &amp; O’Brien
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
by the apical position of endophallic sclerites and the apically rounded cornu, and from 
<taxonomicName box="[1237,1382,1210,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinothylax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1237,1382,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">P. spinothylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1388,1467,1210,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[893,1241,1242,1265]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, described below, by its darker tegument, the shape of the prementum, the shape of intercoxal projection on the mesosternum, the more slen- der apodeme of the male sternum IX, the apically rounded aedeagus, and the shape and position of the distinctly sclerotized endophallic sclerites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[844,1466,1465,1935]" lastBlockId="7.[844,1466,189,914]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,1051,1465,1488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">
Description. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[995,1051,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Male</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Small, length 
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, width 
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, l/w = 1.9–2.1 (N = 4); colour light to dark reddish brown; elytra yellowish brown to brown; sculpture variously punctulate; vestiture short, aurate, conspicuous on antennal funicle and club, pronotum, metaventrite, procoxae, ventral protibia and sternites. Mouthparts. 
<emphasis box="[1364,1465,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[852,933,1657,1680]" captionStart="Figs 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[158,201,1716,1737]" captionTargetBox="[173,1451,193,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[171,1452,191,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 7 – 11. Habitus and mouthparts of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (7) female, dorsal view; (8) female, lateral view; (9) labium, ventral view; (10) maxilla, dorsal view; (11) mandible, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) as in other species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1209,1341,1657,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perelleschus</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
; pharyngeal process long, 2.4× greatest width of mandible. Maxilla (
<figureCitation box="[1253,1332,1720,1743]" captionStart="Figs 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[158,201,1716,1737]" captionTargetBox="[173,1451,193,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[171,1452,191,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 7 – 11. Habitus and mouthparts of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (7) female, dorsal view; (8) female, lateral view; (9) labium, ventral view; (10) maxilla, dorsal view; (11) mandible, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) with cardo with 1 large seta and 1 short seta mesally; stipes apically sinuate; inner margin of the galea+lacinia+palpiger complex with 4 lacinial teeth (
<bibRefCitation author="TING, P. C." box="[1145,1270,1816,1839]" journalOrPublisher="Microentomology" pageId="5" pageNumber="213" pagination="93 - 114" part="1" refString="TING, P. C. 1936. The mouth parts of the coleopterous group Rhynchophora. Microentomology 1, 93 - 114." title="The mouth parts of the coleopterous group Rhynchophora" type="journal article" year="1936">Ting, 1936</bibRefCitation>
). Labium slightly longer than wide, trapezoidal (
<figureCitation box="[1197,1271,1848,1871]" captionStart="Figs 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[158,201,1716,1737]" captionTargetBox="[173,1451,193,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[171,1452,191,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 7 – 11. Habitus and mouthparts of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (7) female, dorsal view; (8) female, lateral view; (9) labium, ventral view; (10) maxilla, dorsal view; (11) mandible, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">Figs 9</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation box="[1320,1350,1848,1871]" captionStart="Figs 25 – 28" captionStartId="11.[159,202,1209,1230]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,222,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[171,1452,190,1177]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 25 – 28. (25) and (26): habitus of P. spinothylax sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (25) male, dorsal view; (26) male, lateral view. (27) and (28) comparison of labial shape, ventral view: (27) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (28) P. spinothylax sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227146/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="213">27</figureCitation>
). Prementum slightly elongate, trapezoidal; apical corners oblique, converging, apical margin mesally straight; with 2 large, apicolateral, dorsally inserted setae; labial palps with palpomere II nearly 3× as long as III, its outer apical edge strongly projected. Postmentum elongate. 
<emphasis box="[683,780,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="214">Rostrum.</emphasis>
Short, 
<quantity box="[234,324,1908,1931]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; r/p = 0.5–0.6; light reddish brown. In dorsal view slightly widened apicad of antennal insertion; dorsally rugulose, with short setae; scrobe projecting beyond antennal socket to apex, basally shallow, not well defined, widened near rostral base, dorsally punctate, with scarce and short setae, ventrally with an inflexion that almost reaches eye. Antenna with basal half of scape dark brown, apical half light reddish brown, scape extending to eye in resting position. 
<emphasis box="[466,524,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Head</emphasis>
. Light reddish brown; frons rugulose; posterior margin surrounding eyes darkened, glabrous, dorsal punctures finer than on rostrum. Eyes separated from anterior margin of pronotum by 0.5× diameter of eye; posterior margin preceded by a shallow ridge. 
<emphasis box="[228,304,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Thorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum slightly globular, l/w = 0.9–1.0 (N = 4); reddish to dark brown, darkened on sides, with an obscure mesal maculation extending to anterior margin, posterior margin and laterals darkened; anterior margin 0.5–0.6× as wide as posterior margin, greatest width near posterior 2/3; punctate, vestiture short, lateral setae longer. 
<taxonomicName box="[237,342,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Uraniidae" genus="Epipleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[237,342,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Epipleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mesanepisternum (
<figureCitation box="[558,634,636,659]" captionStart="Figs 12 – 16" captionStartId="8.[158,201,1692,1713]" captionTargetBox="[171,1451,192,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1453,192,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 12 – 16. Thoracic structures; (12) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metanepisternum; (13) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), sclerolepidia; (14) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (15) P. spinothylax sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (16) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) equilaterally triangular, posterior vertex slightly truncate; mesepimeron half as wide as mesanepisternum; metanepisternum anteriorly widened, anterior margin curved, meeting ventral margin at a sharp angle, posteriorly narrowed; sclerolepidia (Lyal 
<emphasis box="[224,275,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">et al</emphasis>
., 2006) present along metanepisternal sutures except for anterior part where suture is curved: consisting of small and slender seta-like scleropidial scales, some of them bifurcate (
<figureCitation box="[372,453,891,914]" captionStart="Figs 12 – 16" captionStartId="8.[158,201,1692,1713]" captionTargetBox="[171,1451,192,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1453,192,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 12 – 16. Thoracic structures; (12) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metanepisternum; (13) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), sclerolepidia; (14) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (15) P. spinothylax sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (16) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), as described by Lyal 
<emphasis box="[722,773,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) under the squamiform 
<specimenCount box="[485,555,923,946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
, since they resemble the hairs of the surrounding areas; metepimeron pyriform, extending above posterior 1/5 of metanepisternum. 
<taxonomicName box="[704,773,986,1009]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Sterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[704,773,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Sterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Prosternal setae as long as lateral ones, procoxal cavities inserted at posterior 2/3; mesoventrite with mesoventral process slightly emarginate (
<figureCitation box="[475,556,1082,1105]" captionStart="Figs 12 – 16" captionStartId="8.[158,201,1692,1713]" captionTargetBox="[171,1451,192,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1453,192,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 12 – 16. Thoracic structures; (12) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metanepisternum; (13) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), sclerolepidia; (14) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (15) P. spinothylax sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (16) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); posterolateral area of metaventrite with a parallel ridge adjacent to metacoxa, followed by a shallow and glabrous depression, equate with metacoxa. Ventral vestiture dense, varying in length, almost entirely covering thoracic ventrites. 
<emphasis box="[608,781,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Metendosternite</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[166,244,1241,1264]" captionStart="Figs 12 – 16" captionStartId="8.[158,201,1692,1713]" captionTargetBox="[171,1451,192,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1453,192,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 12 – 16. Thoracic structures; (12) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metanepisternum; (13) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), sclerolepidia; (14) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (15) P. spinothylax sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (16) P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metendosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). In lateral view directed obliquely at nearly 50° in relation to metaventrite. Stalk in ventral view with posterior margin widely diverging; mesal emarginations strongly angulate. Ventral flange in lateral view as wide as stalk, sides concave (giving an appearance of a cubic structure). Sheaths subtriangular, concave, nearly half as long as stalk (Velázquez de 
<bibRefCitation author="VELAZQUEZ DE CASTRO, A. J." box="[325,470,1433,1456]" editor="COLONNELLII, E." journalOrPublisher="August, 1996, Florence, Italy), XX International Congress of Entomology. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="109 - 123" part="28" refString="VELAZQUEZ DE CASTRO, A. J. 1998. Morphology and taxonomy of the genus Sitona Germar, 1817. (I): the metendosternite (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In: COLONNELLII, E., LOUW, S. &amp; OSELLA, G., Eds., Taxonomy, Ecology and Distribution of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga). Proceedings of a symposium (28 August, 1996, Florence, Italy), XX International Congress of Entomology. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy, pp. 109 - 123." title="Morphology and taxonomy of the genus Sitona Germar, 1817. (I): the metendosternite (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Taxonomy, Ecology and Distribution of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga). Proceedings of a symposium" year="1998">Castro, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Hemiducts as long as external branch of furcal arms, strongly clubbed, truncate. Furcal arms apically bifurcated, pointed. Anterior tendons positioned at base of furcal arms. 
<emphasis box="[529,579,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Legs</emphasis>
. Yellowish brown; procoxa apically with sparse and short pubescence, inner face with a subapical foveola; profemur f/p = 0.5–0.6, slightly stouter than meso- and metafemur; protibia t/f = 0.9–1.0; meso and metatibia ventrally pubescent along apical 1/3; posterior margin of mesotibia with 7–8 spines. 
<emphasis box="[159,271,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName box="[159,267,1720,1743]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scutellum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Dark reddish brown, with dense vestiture. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Elytra</emphasis>
. L/w = 1.2–1.4; dark reddish brown, laterally more darkened from stria VIII to margin, vestiture longer than on pronotum. 
<emphasis box="[306,371,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Wings</emphasis>
. Length 2.1–2.2× that of elytra, l/w = 2.9–3.2 (N = 3); posterior margin with setae throughout, setae longer in anal region; stigmal patch oval-elongate, longer than wide, evenly rounded at apex, apically with a small sclerotization and 2 setae inserted (as described by 
<bibRefCitation author="ZHERIKHIN, V. V. &amp; GRATSHEV, V. G." box="[878,1178,221,244]" editor="PAKALUK, J." journalOrPublisher="Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 633 - 777" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" refString="ZHERIKHIN, V. V. &amp; GRATSHEV, V. G. 1995. A comparative study of the hind wing venation of the superfamily Curculionoidea, with phylogenetic implications. In: PAKALUK, J. &amp; SLIPINSKI, S. A., Eds., Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers celebrating the 80 th birthday of Roy A. Crowson, Volume 2. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 633 - 777." title="A comparative study of the hind wing venation of the superfamily Curculionoidea, with phylogenetic implications" type="book" volumeTitle="Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers celebrating the 80 th birthday of Roy A. Crowson, Volume 2" year="1995">Zherikhin &amp; Gratshev, 1995</bibRefCitation>
for some 
<taxonomicName box="[1289,1400,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acalyptini">Acalyptini</taxonomicName>
[nonfocal]; see also 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[1014,1145,253,276]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="220 - 287" part="31" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2006. Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematic Entomology 31, 220 - 287." title="Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Franz, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: character 110); medial stripe long. 
<emphasis box="[906,1006,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergites complete. Sternite VII similar in length to V+VI. 
<emphasis box="[1031,1147,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Terminalia</emphasis>
. Sternum VIII (
<figureCitation box="[1323,1401,317,340]" captionStart="Figs 17 – 20" captionStartId="9.[159,202,945,966]" captionTargetBox="[160,778,190,913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 17 – 20. Male terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (17) sternum VIII; (18) sternum IX; (19) tegmen; (20) aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227142/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) with membrane of hemisternites situated near fold of intermembrane connecting sternum VII–VIII, subtending a transversally oriented, bifurcate, lobed median process (= spiculum relictum 
<emphasis box="[943,1002,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="THOMPSON, R. T." box="[1013,1200,444,467]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="835 - 891" part="26" refString="THOMPSON, R. T. 1992. Observations on the morphology and classification of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) with a key to major groups. Journal of Natural History 26, 835 - 891." title="Observations on the morphology and classification of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) with a key to major groups" type="journal article" year="1992">Thompson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation author="WANAT, M." box="[1313,1455,444,467]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="147 - 171" part="21" refString="WANAT, M. 2007. Alignment and homology of male terminalia in Curculionoidea and other Coleoptera. Invertebrate Systematics 21, 147 - 171." title="Alignment and homology of male terminalia in Curculionoidea and other Coleoptera" type="journal article" year="2007">Wanat, 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Sternum IX (
<figureCitation box="[990,1073,476,499]" captionStart="Figs 17 – 20" captionStartId="9.[159,202,945,966]" captionTargetBox="[160,778,190,913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 17 – 20. Male terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (17) sternum VIII; (18) sternum IX; (19) tegmen; (20) aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227142/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
): the base of the spiculum gastrale, as specified in Franz &amp; O’Brien (2001), corresponds to the apodeme, and the bifurcation is positioned at the basal end (
<bibRefCitation author="WANAT, M." box="[899,1040,572,595]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="147 - 171" part="21" refString="WANAT, M. 2007. Alignment and homology of male terminalia in Curculionoidea and other Coleoptera. Invertebrate Systematics 21, 147 - 171." title="Alignment and homology of male terminalia in Curculionoidea and other Coleoptera" type="journal article" year="2007">Wanat, 2007</bibRefCitation>
); with apodeme slightly narrowed near apex (2× as wide as aedeagal apodemes), apex widened; basal fork distally rounded. Tegminal apodeme deflexed (
<figureCitation box="[852,933,668,691]" captionStart="Figs 17 – 20" captionStartId="9.[159,202,945,966]" captionTargetBox="[160,778,190,913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 17 – 20. Male terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (17) sternum VIII; (18) sternum IX; (19) tegmen; (20) aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227142/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus (
<figureCitation box="[1078,1158,668,691]" captionStart="Figs 17 – 20" captionStartId="9.[159,202,945,966]" captionTargetBox="[160,778,190,913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 17 – 20. Male terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (17) sternum VIII; (18) sternum IX; (19) tegmen; (20) aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227142/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) with l/w = 3.0–3.5 (N = 4); in lateral view narrow, deflexed; in dorsal view slightly narrowed from midpoint to apex, margins rounded; dorsal tectum membranous; endophallus with approximately 6 mesal, spine-like, variously oriented and weakly sclerotized sclerites positioned along its basal 2/3, thereafter with paired, weakly sclerotized, papillate sclerites converging toward apex; aedeagal apodemes widened at their basal 1/3.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227140/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="214" targetBox="[173,1451,193,1675]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[158,1465,1716,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,262,1716,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="214">Figs 7–11.</emphasis>
Habitus and mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName box="[539,675,1716,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[539,675,1716,1737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="214">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (7) female, dorsal view; (8) female, lateral view; (9) labium, ventral view; (10) maxilla, dorsal view; (11) mandible, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="7.[844,1466,955,1615]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,1071,955,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">
Description. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[995,1071,955,978]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fe m a l e</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1092,1218,955,978]" captionStart="Figs 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[158,201,1716,1737]" captionTargetBox="[173,1451,193,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[171,1452,191,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 7 – 11. Habitus and mouthparts of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (7) female, dorsal view; (8) female, lateral view; (9) labium, ventral view; (10) maxilla, dorsal view; (11) mandible, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227140/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Figs 7 &amp; 8</figureCitation>
). Length 
<quantity box="[1328,1462,955,978]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.7 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity box="[922,1060,987,1010]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
, l/w = 2.1 (N = 2). Rostrum 
<quantity box="[844,975,1019,1042]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
, r/p = 0.6. Pronotum l/w = 0.9. F/p = 0.6; t/f = 0.9. Elytra l/w = 1.3–1.4. Anteroventral spines of protibia more slender than in males. Abdomen, including pygidium, as in other species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1191,1323,1114,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1191,1323,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Perelleschus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. Sternum VIII (
<figureCitation box="[1256,1333,1146,1169]" captionStart="Figs 21 – 24" captionStartId="9.[844,887,1012,1033]" captionTargetBox="[845,1463,191,976]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 21 – 24. Female terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (21) sternum VIII; (22) coxites; (23) spermatheca, lateral view; (24) spermatheca, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227144/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
): the apex as specified in Franz &amp; O’Brien (2001) corresponding to the lamina of Velázquez de Castro 
<emphasis box="[1173,1226,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
(2007); lamina elliptical, distal margin projected, rounded (not emarginate as in other species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1014,1146,1274,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1014,1146,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Perelleschus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque, 2013</bibRefCitation>
); apodeme narrow, nearly straight. Coxites (
<figureCitation box="[1380,1458,1305,1328]" captionStart="Figs 21 – 24" captionStartId="9.[844,887,1012,1033]" captionTargetBox="[845,1463,191,976]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 21 – 24. Female terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (21) sternum VIII; (22) coxites; (23) spermatheca, lateral view; (24) spermatheca, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227144/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) as in other species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1081,1213,1337,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1081,1213,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Perelleschus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona- Duque (2013). Spermatheca (
<figureCitation box="[1150,1285,1369,1392]" captionStart="Figs 21 – 24" captionStartId="9.[844,887,1012,1033]" captionTargetBox="[845,1463,191,976]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 21 – 24. Female terminalia of P. salpinflexus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (21) sternum VIII; (22) coxites; (23) spermatheca, lateral view; (24) spermatheca, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227144/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Figs 21 &amp; 22</figureCitation>
) similar to that of other species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1017,1149,1401,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1017,1149,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Perelleschus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[930,940,1433,1456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">s</emphasis>
urface striate; corpus basally slightly constricted; appendix triangular, opposed to gland (reservoir) insertion; collum and ramus only slightly separated; cornu apically slightly rounded, projected, apical 1/4–1/5 arranged in a tridimensional space, oriented in a clockwise or counterclockwise spiral.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[844,1466,1656,1839]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,956,1656,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Variation.</emphasis>
Some specimens have a more darkened pronotum and light yellowish brown elytra (as observed in 
<taxonomicName authority="Franz &amp; O'Brien" authorityName="Franz &amp; O'Brien" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">P. splendidus</emphasis>
Franz &amp; O’Brien
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The number of spines on the posterior margin of tibiae is slightly variable. The endophallic sclerites may extend along the apical half of the endophallus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[844,1466,1880,1935]" lastBlockId="10.[158,779,189,372]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,1024,1880,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">
<typeStatus box="[844,900,1880,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324200485" collectedFrom="en inflorescencia de Carludovica palmata Ruiz &amp; Pavón [non-focal]" collectingDate="2009-03-02" collectionCode="CEUA" collectorName="C. Bota &amp; N. Uribe" country="Colombia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="216" latitude="5.4119444" location="Supía, Qda. [Quebrada] Piedras, desembocadura en el río Cauca" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.92861" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" specimenCode="CEUA 45735" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Caldas" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[1037,1136,1880,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[1158,1210,1880,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" type="male">male</specimenCount>
(dissected), labelled: ‘COcal. [
<collectingCountry box="[959,1067,1912,1935]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1093,1170,1912,1935]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="7" pageNumber="215">Caldas</collectingRegion>
], 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:993D87C65710FFC68053A35BFF3BF9CD:144B600B5712FFC48795A53EFDA1F8B9" country="Colombia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="216" latitude="5.4119444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.92861" name="Supía, Qda. [Quebrada] Piedras, desembocadura en el río Cauca" pageId="7" pageNumber="215" stateProvince="Caldas">Supía, Qda.[Quebrada] Piedras, desembocadura en el río Cauca</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[657,775,1811,1839]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" precision="15" value="5.4119444">
5° 24' 
<date box="[714,750,1811,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" value="1943-02">43''</date>
N
</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate box="[158,291,1843,1871]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" precision="15" value="-75.92861">
75° 
<date box="[195,227,1843,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" value="1955-01">55'</date>
<date box="[228,264,1843,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" value="1943-02">43''</date>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectedFrom pageId="8" pageNumber="216">
en inflorescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[548,779,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal]
</collectedFrom>
, 
<date box="[462,599,1879,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" value="2009-03-02">
<collectingDate box="[462,599,1879,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" value="2009-03-02">Mar. 2/2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName box="[663,748,1879,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">C. Bota</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[158,256,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">N. Uribe</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCode box="[271,423,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA 45735</specimenCode>
’ (
<collectionCode box="[445,522,1911,1934]" collectionName="CEUA" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus box="[543,649,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, same label information as male 
<typeStatus box="[1072,1165,1815,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">holotype</typeStatus>
except for ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1303,1373,1815,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45736’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[847,922,1847,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45737’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1033,1103,1847,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45738’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1214,1284,1847,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45739’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1394,1464,1847,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45740’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[944,1014,1879,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45741’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1127,1197,1879,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45742’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1309,1379,1879,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
45743’ (
<collectionCode box="[851,927,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[938,1024,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[1036,1142,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
, 7 dissected), ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1305,1375,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">CEUA</collectionCode>
71301’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[162,237,1083,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71302’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[345,415,1083,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71349’ (donated to 
<collectionCode box="[639,689,1083,1106]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">ICN</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[700,776,1083,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[159,264,1115,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
), ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[283,358,1115,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71303’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[459,529,1115,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71304’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[630,700,1115,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71350’ (donated to IAvH: 
<specimenCount box="[374,454,1147,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[471,583,1147,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
), ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[615,685,1147,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71305’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[162,237,1178,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71306’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[352,422,1178,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
66681’ (donated to 
<collectionCode box="[658,752,1178,1201]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ct7t-ipa9" name="Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">MEFLG</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[224,331,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
), ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[359,429,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71307’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[534,604,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71308’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[710,780,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
66682’ (donated to 
<collectionCode box="[388,466,1242,1265]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hx5r-ym26" name="Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Agronomia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">UNAB</collectionCode>
: 3409 – 
<specimenCount box="[577,657,1242,1265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 3410 and 3411 – 
<specimenCount box="[235,341,1274,1297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry box="[456,564,1274,1297]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[573,685,1274,1297]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], Amalfi, Vereda el Jardín, 7°0 4' 
<date box="[397,434,1301,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1934-02">34''</date>
N; 74°57’22.2”W, 
<quantity box="[633,702,1306,1329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
, dentro de infrutescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[387,780,1338,1362]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[387,615,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal] (DT 2956), 
<date box="[418,554,1370,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2007-07-25">Jul. 25/2007</date>
, leg. Cardona &amp; Tuberquia 
<collectionCode box="[250,320,1402,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
45746’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[436,506,1402,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
45747’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[622,692,1402,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
45748’ (
<collectionCode box="[166,242,1434,1457]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[253,338,1434,1457]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[349,445,1434,1457]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 2 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[211,323,1465,1488]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], San Roque, Corr. [Corregimiento] 
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">San José</collectingRegion>
del Nus, 6° 
<date box="[339,370,1493,1520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1929-01">29'</date>
14.6'' N; 74° 
<date box="[504,536,1493,1520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1950-01">50'</date>
49.2'' W, 
<quantity box="[633,706,1497,1520]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.23" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="823.0">823 m</quantity>
, borde de quebrada, en inflorescencia e infrutescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], 
<date box="[644,777,1561,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2009-02-07">Feb. 7/2009</date>
, leg. C. Bota, 
<collectionCode box="[325,395,1593,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
45744’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[517,587,1593,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
45745’ (
<collectionCode box="[701,777,1593,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[159,249,1625,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 2 dissected), ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[426,496,1625,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
66683 (donated to 
<collectionCode box="[727,777,1625,1648]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">ICN</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[159,239,1657,1680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
), ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[273,343,1657,1680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
66684’ (donated to 
<collectionCode box="[582,661,1657,1680]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hx5r-ym26" name="Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Agronomia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">UNAB</collectionCode>
: 3412 – 
<specimenCount pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
); ‘COant [
<collectingCountry box="[325,435,1689,1712]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[447,559,1689,1712]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], San Carlos, Vereda Paraguas, 6° 13' 
<date box="[328,364,1716,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1918-02">18''</date>
N; 74° 
<date box="[441,472,1716,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1950-01">50'</date>
<date box="[473,510,1716,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1946-02">46''</date>
W, 
<quantity box="[550,623,1720,1743]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.32" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="832.0">832 m</quantity>
, dentro de infrutescencia de 
<taxonomicName box="[330,593,1752,1775]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[330,461,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis box="[506,593,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], 
<date pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2007-06-10">Jun. 10/2007</date>
, leg. L. S. Barrientos, 
<collectionCode box="[521,591,1784,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
45759’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[710,780,1784,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47813’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[262,332,1816,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47814’ (
<collectionCode box="[441,517,1816,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[533,624,1816,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, 2 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry box="[258,366,1848,1871]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[376,488,1848,1871]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], San Rafael, Vda. [Vereda] La Rápida, Finca Cantarrana 6° 
<date box="[497,529,1875,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1915-01">15'</date>
27.6''N; 75°0 
<date box="[677,692,1875,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">1'</date>
41.5''W, 
<quantity box="[159,244,1912,1935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.041" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="1041.0">1041 m</quantity>
, dentro de inflorescencia cerrada de 
<taxonomicName box="[649,931,1147,1935]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[649,931,1147,1935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], 
<date box="[1079,1232,1147,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2007-05-25">May. 25/2007</date>
, leg. Cardona &amp; Tuberquia, 
<collectionCode box="[940,1010,1178,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47803’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1122,1192,1178,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47815’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1303,1373,1178,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47816’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[848,923,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47817’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1038,1108,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47818’ (
<collectionCode box="[1214,1290,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[1306,1396,1210,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 5 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry box="[1173,1281,1242,1265]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1294,1406,1242,1265]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], San Luis, Río Claro, 5° 
<date box="[1074,1106,1269,1297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1953-01">53'</date>
32.1''N; 74° 
<date box="[1246,1278,1269,1297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1951-01">51'</date>
17.8''W, 
<quantity box="[1382,1461,1274,1297]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="324.0">324 m</quantity>
, bosque, en inflorescencia en fase masculina de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], 
<date box="[1323,1461,1338,1361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2009-08-02">Ago. 2/2009</date>
, leg. Bota, Cardona, Franz &amp; Mazo, 
<collectionCode box="[1221,1291,1370,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47802’ (
<collectionCode box="[1386,1462,1370,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[844,927,1402,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry box="[1216,1324,1402,1425]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1344,1456,1402,1425]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], San Luis, Autopista Medellín-Bogotá, Qda. [Quebrada] La Habana, 
<date box="[982,1117,1465,1488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2009-12-29">29/Dic/2009</date>
, J. Cardona-D., 
<collectionCode box="[1299,1369,1465,1488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71309 / Manual en infrutescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp;Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp;Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[1173,1403,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp;Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal]’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1105,1175,1529,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71310’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1298,1368,1529,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71311’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[848,923,1561,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
71312’ (
<collectionCode box="[1026,1102,1561,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[1115,1192,1561,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[1206,1315,1561,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, 2 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry box="[948,1056,1593,1616]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1069,1181,1593,1616]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], Anorí, Vda. [Vereda] El Zafiro, Finca El Pital, 7° 
<date box="[1108,1126,1620,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">1'</date>
48.7'' N; 75° 
<date box="[1258,1276,1620,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">4'</date>
25.6'' W, borde de bosque cerca a arrollo, en inflorescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], 
<date box="[1259,1410,1689,1712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2009-11-24">Nov. 24/2009</date>
, leg. C. Bota, 
<collectionCode box="[946,1016,1720,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47810’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1128,1198,1720,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47811’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[1310,1380,1720,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47812’ (
<collectionCode box="[851,927,1752,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[938,1024,1752,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[1035,1130,1752,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 3 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[889,1001,1784,1807]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], Remedios, Vereda La Cruz, Finca La Brillantina 6° 
<date box="[952,983,1811,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1954-01">54'</date>
57.2'' N; 74° 
<date box="[1119,1151,1811,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="1933-01">33'</date>
59.5'' W, 
<quantity box="[1250,1325,1816,1839]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, en inflorescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[951,1332,1848,1872]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[951,1176,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], 
<date box="[844,989,1880,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" value="2009-12-26">Dic. 26/2009</date>
, leg. Bota, Campuzano &amp; Cardona, 
<collectionCode box="[1395,1465,1880,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
47833’ (
<collectionCode box="[935,1011,1912,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[1022,1097,1912,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [
<collectingCountry box="[1354,1462,1912,1935]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[158,270,189,212]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
], Remedios, Vereda La Cruz, Finca La Brillantina 6° 
<date box="[266,298,217,244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" value="1954-01">54'</date>
57.2'' N; 74° 
<date box="[435,466,217,244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" value="1933-01">33'</date>
59.5'' W, 
<quantity box="[567,642,221,244]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, potrero, en inflorescencia de 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[341,717,253,277]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[341,565,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[nonfocal], 
<date box="[233,374,285,308]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" value="2009-12-28">Dic. 28/2009</date>
, leg. C. Bota, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[534,604,285,308]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">CEUA</collectionCode>
47806’, ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[709,779,285,308]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">CEUA</collectionCode>
47807’ (
<collectionCode box="[252,328,317,340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">CEUA</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCount box="[342,421,317,340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[437,536,317,340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 2 dissected). ‘ 
<collectionCode box="[709,779,317,340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">CEUA</collectionCode>
47804’ (donated to 
<collectionCode box="[367,446,349,372]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hx5r-ym26" name="Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Agronomia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">UNAB</collectionCode>
: 3414 – 
<specimenCount box="[535,609,349,372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 1 dissected).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270263/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[171,1451,192,1659]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[158,1465,1692,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,270,1692,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">Figs 12–16.</emphasis>
Thoracic structures; (12) 
<taxonomicName box="[520,653,1692,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[520,653,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metanepisternum; (13) 
<taxonomicName box="[1232,1366,1692,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[1232,1366,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), sclerolepidia; (14) 
<taxonomicName box="[592,726,1718,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[592,726,1718,1739]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (15) 
<taxonomicName box="[1335,1465,1718,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinothylax">
<emphasis box="[1335,1465,1718,1739]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">P. spinothylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), mesoventral process; (16) 
<taxonomicName box="[771,906,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[771,906,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="216">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013), metendosternite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227142/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[160,778,190,913]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[159,781,945,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,279,945,966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Figs 17–20.</emphasis>
Male terminalia of 
<taxonomicName box="[493,634,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[493,634,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (17) sternum VIII; (18) sternum IX; (19) tegmen; (20) aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227144/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[845,1463,191,976]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[844,1466,1012,1086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,962,1012,1033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">Figs 21–24.</emphasis>
Female terminalia of 
<taxonomicName box="[1189,1327,1012,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[1189,1327,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="217">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013); (21) sternum VIII; (22) coxites; (23) spermatheca, lateral view; (24) spermatheca, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[158,780,416,439]" box="[158,780,416,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,305,416,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">
<typeStatus box="[158,214,416,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[318,426,416,439]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[433,508,416,439]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Caldas</collectingRegion>
, Supía, Quebrada Piedras.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="218" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="10.[158,780,484,635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,285,484,507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in reference to the distinct shape of the spermatheca which resembles a ‘bent horn’, through the combination of the Greek word 
<emphasis box="[509,586,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">salpinx</emphasis>
signifying ‘trumpet’ and the Latin word 
<emphasis box="[411,471,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">flexus</emphasis>
which means ‘bent’ (
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" refString="BROWN, R. W. 1956. Composition of Scientific Words, Revised Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA." title="Composition of Scientific Words, Revised Edition" type="book" year="1956">Brown, 1956</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="218" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="10.[158,780,679,1627]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,341,679,702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Natural history.</emphasis>
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName box="[512,779,679,702]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[512,779,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Perelleschus salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[205,545,711,734]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
have been abundantly collected on the eastern flange of the northern portion of the Central Cordillera in 
<collectingCountry box="[419,527,775,798]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, towards the 
<collectingRegion box="[661,779,775,798]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
Valley. Individuals of 
<taxonomicName box="[388,536,807,830]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[388,536,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona- Duque (2013) were collected together with those of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinothylax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">P. spinothylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[336,681,871,894]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
at all reported localities except for Amalfi, Remedios and Sup´ıa in the 
<collectingRegion box="[196,302,934,957]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion box="[353,425,934,957]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Caldas</collectingRegion>
Departments, respectively. In addition, 
<taxonomicName box="[233,383,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[233,383,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[438,780,966,989]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName authority="Franz &amp; O'Brien" authorityName="Franz &amp; O'Brien" box="[349,665,998,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis box="[349,475,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">P. variabilis</emphasis>
Franz &amp; O’Brien
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
– a species previously recorded only in 
<collectingCountry box="[245,333,1062,1085]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
– in Remedios, 
<collectingRegion box="[519,628,1062,1085]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
, where adults of the two species were collected on the same inflorescence. 
<taxonomicName box="[232,382,1126,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salpinflexus">
<emphasis box="[232,382,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">P. salpinflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[437,780,1126,1149]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[202,348,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinothylax">
<emphasis box="[202,348,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">P. spinothylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. 
<bibRefCitation author="FRANZ, N. M." box="[400,740,1157,1180]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" pagination="29" refString="FRANZ, N. M. 2013. Anatomy of a cladistic analysis. Cladistics 29 (in press)." title="Anatomy of a cladistic analysis" type="book chapter" year="2013">Franz &amp; Cardona-Duque (2013)</bibRefCitation>
develop in the reddish pulp of 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[466,692,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Carludovica palmata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pavón
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal] infructescences, were they feed and pupate without (significantly) damaging the seeds (
<figureCitation box="[674,753,1253,1276]" captionStart="Fig. 35" captionStartId="13.[159,194,734,755]" captionTargetBox="[160,778,190,702]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[160,778,190,702]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 35. Larvae and pupae of Perelleschus sec. Franz &amp; Cardona- Duque (2013) inside the red pulp of a Carludovica palmata [nonfocal] infructescence." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227152/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[158,780,679,1627]" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">
At San Carlos and San Rafael, 
<collectingRegion box="[549,658,1285,1308]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
, parasitoid wasps of the family 
<taxonomicName box="[388,509,1317,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
[non-focal] (Helconinae [non-focal]: cf. 
<taxonomicName authority="Mason" authorityName="Mason" box="[342,531,1349,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[342,444,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Nealiolus</emphasis>
Mason
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal], and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euphorinae">Euphorinae</taxonomicName>
[non-focal]: cf. 
<taxonomicName authority="Loan" authorityName="Loan" box="[431,643,1381,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Holdawayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[431,580,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Holdawayella</emphasis>
Loan
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal]) emerged from cut 
<taxonomicName box="[372,604,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Carloduvica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis box="[372,604,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Carloduvica palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[non-focal] infructescences. These wasps were parasitizing the immature stages of the species of 
<taxonomicName box="[405,537,1476,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Perelleschus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[405,537,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="218">Perelleschus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. Franz &amp; Cardona- Duque (2013). In San Carlos, the adult wasps emerged 2–3 days before natural exposure of the seed packages and were readily visible underneath the cuticle of the weevil larvae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>