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<document id="B9C9F5B0B59A7729A7D6245AD4987378" ID-CLB-Dataset="8118" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2010n1a2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cecd899-5900-4411-8446-0d9552b1b098" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4520753" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612808309234" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain &amp; Vercambre, Bernard" docDate="2010" docId="901F8794FF9D746BFD73FB63FCDBFB21" docLanguage="fr" docName="Zoosystema.32.1.19-72.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 32 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n1a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD.3:Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleId="E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heteronychus bituberculatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="6C26FFECFF947461FFB5FFEDFF94FFE8" masterDocTitle="Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698928337295" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="82942D20F47478C29DA4E5B60ECF7710">Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E34C941868C9983338B6825CB3121D9">Randriamanantsoa, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C1763EB8BEBD6F87605DBB59167A9169">Fofifa - URP Scrid, 110 Antsirabe (Madagascar) r _ randriamanantsoa @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F9DD91FC45A8DD9C0A2A571C2DBDF6D0">Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7DF05711F12DB754032A9C9DB5EE8655">Cirad Bios, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, Ta A- 55 / L, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) henri-pierre. aberlenc @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAA0F61B460CDD47B1ECE9AC387563D9">Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8563760DFF68FD088D5C96B387EFF5FD">Département d’Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101 (Madagascar)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="E8DC28F4D8CAD1EFC9FEC39DFFDDA206">Ratnadass, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E4F3620393D3E577372E8A810391B7F8">Cirad, UPR HortSys - ICRISAT BP 12404, Niamey (Niger) a. ratnadass @ cgiar. org</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB9F90DEB683CF5458919046A23AC96C" type="email">ratnadass@cgiar.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1A0BCDF945A96A95F387E3475536322E">Vercambre, Bernard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D1D3FD4F6B4DC31B609310E8408FEFB3">Cirad, UPR Systèmes de Cultures annuels, avenue Agropolis, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) bernard. vercambre @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="721AE16B5490CCB6276EEA1DEB4ACF0A" type="email">vercambre@cirad.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C86FB797B2E5059333B76683E2EFD411">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9686951A2B0361B576788155079064AC">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C76C2A86B321C399DC555C097A1F5C1C">2010-03-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="901F8794FF9D746BFD73FB63FCDBFB21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4549532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177425660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4549532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:901F8794FF9D746BFD73FB63FCDBFB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/901F8794FF9D746BFD73FB63FCDBFB21" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF9D7468FD73FB63FBBEFB01" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="18093682FF9D7468FD73FB63FB0CFB41" blockId="9.[710,1176,1166,1225]" box="[710,1176,1166,1193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FD73FB63FB0CFB41" authority="(Kolbe, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Kolbe" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[710,1176,1166,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FD73FB63FC6DFB41" bold="true" box="[710,1017,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Heteronychus bituberculatus</emphasis>
(Kolbe, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9D7468FCB4FB43FBBEFB01" blockId="9.[710,1176,1166,1225]" lastBlockId="9.[820,1066,1230,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9D7468FCBDFB43FCCDFB21" box="[776,857,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9D7468FCDFFB43FC19FB21" box="[874,909,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[139,1184,217,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-21@30.[139,1184,217,1561]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 3. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, raster: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, sp. C1; D, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); E, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); F, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); G, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); H, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833). Échelles: A-C, G, H, 1 mm; D, 0,5 mm; E, F, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520761/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">3G</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9D7468FC2AFB43FC57FB21" box="[927,963,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[155,1168,220,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-21@34.[155,1168,220,1591]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 7. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,épipharynx: A, Anochilia bifida (Olivier,1789); B, Euryomia argentea (Olivier,1789); C, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); D, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); E, F, sp. D1; G, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); H, sp. D2. Échelles: A, B, D, E, G, 0,5 mm; C, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520771/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">7D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9D7468FC61FB43FC6BFB21" box="[980,1023,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[146,1173,219,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-14@37.[146,1173,218,1547]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 10. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,hypopharynx: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron,1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891). Échelles: A, J, 0,2 mm; C, D, F, G, I, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520783/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">10F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9D7468FBA4FB43FBBEFB21" box="[1041,1066,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[161,1157,219,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-14@41.[157,1165,214,1560]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 14. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,mandibule: A, D, H, L, P, T, X, gauche,face dorsale; B, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, gauche, face ventrale; C, F, J, N, R, V, Z1, droite, face dorsale; G, K, O, S, W, Z2, droite, face ventrale; A-C, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); D-G, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); H-K, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); L-O, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire,1871); P-S, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe,1900); T-W, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier,1789); X-Z2, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi, 1968). Échelles: A-C, H-O, 0,5 mm; D-G, P-Z2, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520795/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">14</figureCitation>
P-S; 16K, L; 19B; 25D-G)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF9D746BFD10FAE0FCDBFB21" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="18093682FF9D7468FD10FAE0FCE1FACE" blockId="9.[675,1212,1293,1700]" box="[677,885,1293,1320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9D746BFD10FAC0FF47FEFB" blockId="9.[675,1212,1293,1700]" lastBlockId="10.[112,646,216,275]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
Larves provenant d’Andranomanelatra, de Sakay, de Kianjasoa, de Bevalala et d’Ivato. L’espèce a été collectée respectivement dans une jachère de
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FD7CFA61FC1AFA4E" authorityName="C.H.Persoon" authorityYear="1805" box="[713,910,1420,1446]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FD7CFA61FC1AFA4E" box="[713,910,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dans des cultures de Riz pluvial (
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FCBDFA41FC00FA2D" box="[776,916,1452,1478]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oryza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FCBDFA41FC00FA2D" box="[776,916,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Oryza sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), de Maïs (
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FBAAFA41FB12FA2D" box="[1055,1158,1452,1477]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FBAAFA41FB12FA2D" box="[1055,1158,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Zea mays</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), de Napier (
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FCBCFA21FB90FA0D" box="[777,1028,1484,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureum">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FCBCFA21FB90FA0D" box="[777,1028,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Pennisetum purpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), de
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FBF1FA26FB2EF9EE" authority="R. Germ. &amp; C. M. Evrard, de Patate" authorityName="R. Germ. &amp; C. M. Evrard, de Patate" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachiaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruziziensis">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FBF1FA26FC8DF9EC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Brachiaria ruziziensis</emphasis>
R.Germ. &amp; C.M.Evrard, de Patate
</taxonomicName>
douce (
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9D7468FD4FF9E6FC3DF9CC" box="[762,937,1546,1572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9D7468FD4FF9E6FC3DF9CC" box="[762,937,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), près de Roseaux et de Graminées diverses. Elle se rencontre généralement dans les lieux humides en bas de pente.
<typeStatus id="C70D8820FF9D7468FBEDF9A7FB03F98D" box="[1112,1175,1610,1637]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Types</typeStatus>
de sol: alluvionnaire, argileux, ferrallitique, volcanique. Spécimens conservés dans les collections du Fofifa ( larves), du Cirad-CBGP (2 larves) et du MNHN (
<specimenCount id="0EB0FD0BFF9E746BFFCEFF15FF5CFEFB" box="[123,200,248,275]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" type="larva">1 larve</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FEDAFE96FEB8" blockId="10.[113,402,311,370]" box="[113,258,311,338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FEBAFE06FE9A" blockId="10.[113,402,311,370]" box="[113,402,343,370]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
Couleur blanche (
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFE81FEBAFE12FE9A" box="[308,390,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FE7BFF0FFE58" blockId="10.[113,649,406,623]" box="[113,155,406,432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFFC4FE7BFF0FFE58" box="[113,155,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Tête</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FE5BFEA8FD87" blockId="10.[113,649,406,623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Couleur jaunâtre. Épicrâne avec 2 soies dorsoépicraniales et 3 soies latéro-externes de chaque côté. Front avec 2 soies frontales postérieures. 2 soies, 1 grande et 1 petite, dans l’angle frontal. Clypéus transverse, avec 1 soie latérale externe et 2 soies antérieures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FD7EFE90FC84" blockId="10.[112,649,659,876]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFFC4FD7EFF73FD45" bold="true" box="[113,231,659,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Antennes.</emphasis>
Article II un peu plus long que les autres (les longueurs respectives des articles sont: I = 1; II = 1,5; III = IV = 1,4). Une aire sensorielle apico-latérale sur l’avant-dernier article. Dernier article antennaire avec 4 plages sensorielles: 1 petite plage apicale ronde, 2 ventrales et 1 grande plage dorsale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FC7CFE6EFB62" blockId="10.[111,648,913,1162]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFFC4FC7CFF23FC43" bold="true" box="[113,183,913,939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Labre.</emphasis>
Transverse, asymétrique. Zone médiane du bord antérieur saillante, formant presque un lobe médian différencié à droite, avec 4 soies antérieures et 2 soies postérieures. De part et d’autre, 2 soies latéro-antérieures externes et 2 soies latéro-antérieures internes, puis 1 longue soie latérale. 2 longues soies labro-internes en avant du milieu.4 soies postérieures (en 2 groupes transverses de 2 soies).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FB43FE06FA6F" blockId="10.[113,648,1198,1415]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFFC4FB43FF6DFB21" bold="true" box="[113,249,1198,1225]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Épipharynx</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFEBEFB43FEFFFB21" box="[267,363,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[155,1168,220,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-21@34.[155,1168,220,1591]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 7. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,épipharynx: A, Anochilia bifida (Olivier,1789); B, Euryomia argentea (Olivier,1789); C, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); D, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); E, F, sp. D1; G, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); H, sp. D2. Échelles: A, B, D, E, G, 0,5 mm; C, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520771/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Haptomère transverse, sclérifié, pointu. Aire pédiale glabre. Chaetoparia dissymétriques, avec de 1 à 5 soies courtes et épaisses convergeant vers l’aire pédiale, qui est glabre. Acanthoparia avec 8 à 10 courtes soies lamelliformes incurvées vers l’avant. Plegmatium et proplegmatium absents.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFFC4FA46FB89FEFB" blockId="10.[111,649,1451,1700]" lastBlockId="10.[674,1207,216,275]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFFC4FA46FF6DFA2D" bold="true" box="[113,249,1451,1477]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Mandibules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFEBEFA46FEC9FA2E" box="[267,349,1451,1478]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[161,1157,219,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-14@41.[157,1165,214,1560]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 14. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,mandibule: A, D, H, L, P, T, X, gauche,face dorsale; B, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, gauche, face ventrale; C, F, J, N, R, V, Z1, droite, face dorsale; G, K, O, S, W, Z2, droite, face ventrale; A-C, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); D-G, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); H-K, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); L-O, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire,1871); P-S, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe,1900); T-W, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier,1789); X-Z2, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi, 1968). Échelles: A-C, H-O, 0,5 mm; D-G, P-Z2, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520795/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
P-S). Aire scissoriale de la mandibule gauche avec une forte dent apicale émoussée et un bord interne irrégulier, une dent pointue très obtuse en zone médiane. Aire scissoriale de la mandibule droite avec une forte dent apicale émoussée, le bord interne inerme.Mandibules gauche et droite avec chacune 6 soies baso-latérales et 1 soie dorso-externe. Sur la face ventrale des 2 mandibules, présence d’une aire stridulatoire composée de 22 à 23 bourrelets parallèles transverses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFD10FEDAFCE8FE39" blockId="10.[677,1211,311,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFD10FEDAFC96FEB9" bold="true" box="[677,770,311,337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Maxilles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFCA7FEDAFC0CFEBA" box="[786,920,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1180,217,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-14@43.[151,1175,219,1547]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 16. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-D, mandibule, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); A, gauche, face dorsale; B, gauche, face ventrale; C, droite, face dorsale; D, droite, face ventrale; E-O, maxille, face dorsale; E, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); F, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); G, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); H, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); I, J, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); J, dents stridulatoires; K, L, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe,1900); L, dents stridulatoires; M, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug,1833); N, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier,1789); O, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968). Échelles: A-D, N, O, 0,5 mm; E, F, H, I, K, 0,4 mm; G, 1 mm; J, 0,01 mm; L, 0,02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16K, L</figureCitation>
). Galea et lacinia soudées. Lacinia à uncus avec 2 dents.Galea avec uncus sclérifié. Sur la face dorsale, aire stridulatoire à 5 grosses dents irrégulièrement écartées à apex très émoussé (
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFCBAFE5BFCFBFE39" box="[783,879,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1180,217,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-14@43.[151,1175,219,1547]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 16. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-D, mandibule, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); A, gauche, face dorsale; B, gauche, face ventrale; C, droite, face dorsale; D, droite, face ventrale; E-O, maxille, face dorsale; E, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); F, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); G, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); H, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); I, J, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); J, dents stridulatoires; K, L, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe,1900); L, dents stridulatoires; M, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug,1833); N, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier,1789); O, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968). Échelles: A-D, N, O, 0,5 mm; E, F, H, I, K, 0,4 mm; G, 1 mm; J, 0,01 mm; L, 0,02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFD10FE18FC86FD46" blockId="10.[676,1212,501,686]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFD10FE18FCABFDE7" bold="true" box="[677,831,501,527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Hypopharynx</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFCFAFE18FC25FDF8" box="[847,945,501,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[146,1173,219,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-14@37.[146,1173,218,1547]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 10. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,hypopharynx: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron,1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891). Échelles: A, J, 0,2 mm; C, D, F, G, I, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520783/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
). Glosses recouvertes de courtes et épaisses soies moins denses au milieu et de longues soies vers l’apex et sur les côtés. Oncyli transverses, avec une dent sclérifiée postérieure subtriangulaire et une forte dent antérieure, sclérifiée et dressée.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFD10FD3EFD79FD05" blockId="10.[675,1211,723,876]" box="[677,749,723,749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFD10FD3EFD79FD05" box="[677,749,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Thorax</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFD10FD1EFB2FFC84" blockId="10.[675,1211,723,876]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFD10FD1EFD73FCE5" bold="true" box="[677,743,755,781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Pattes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFD41FD1FFCC0FCE5" box="[756,852,754,781]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[121,1206,215,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-21@46.[117,1206,214,1542]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 19. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, pattes: A, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); B, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); C, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); D, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi, 1968); F, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871). Échelles: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520815/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
). Longues, de longueur croissante de P1 à P3, toutes de structure analogue: coxa, trochanter, fémur très allongé, tibiotarse, griffe forte, longue, aiguë, incurvée et sclérifiée à l’apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFD10FC7CFC93FC43" blockId="10.[674,1212,913,1225]" box="[677,775,913,939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFD10FC7CFC93FC43" box="[677,775,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Abdomen</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF9E746BFD10FC5CFCDBFB21" blockId="10.[674,1212,913,1225]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9E746BFD10FC5CFD7FFC23" bold="true" box="[677,747,945,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Raster</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9E746BFD4FFC5DFCC6FC23" box="[762,850,944,971]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[139,1184,217,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-21@30.[139,1184,217,1561]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 3. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, raster: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, sp. C1; D, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); E, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); F, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); G, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); H, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833). Échelles: A-C, G, H, 1 mm; D, 0,5 mm; E, F, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520761/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Fente anale transverse, éloignée de l’apex abdominal. Côté dorsal de la fente anale présentant de très courtes et fortes soies inclinées vers l’apex constituant une plage continue transverse. Les soies du côté ventral de la fente anale sont plus longues, plus denses et plus fortes, de section cylindrique. Teges avec de fortes soies aplaties à l’apex incurvé. Barbula avec de longues et fines soies dispersées.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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