369 lines
41 KiB
XML
369 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.67788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4853559a-b2ce-4159-aaf1-a2625d333a25" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183822034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-393" ID-Pensoft-UUID="564A467951EF5C8A883587B138B7809E" ID-ZooBank="A32F2CCD3CB8457087D13B38CA555E3C" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2181EC8F-7BE5-4ECD-92EC-9FB21DD4B177" ModsDocID="1860-0743-97-2-393" checkinTime="1627415565744" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Framenau, Volker W., Vink, Cor J., Scharff, Nikolaj, Baptista, Renner L. C. & Castanheira, Pedro de S." docDate="2021" docId="CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 97(2): 393-405" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2)" docPubDate="2021-07-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.67788" docTitle="Novakiella boletus Framenau & Vink & Scharff & Baptista & Castanheira 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2181EC8F-7BE5-4ECD-92EC-9FB21DD4B177" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="564A467951EF5C8A883587B138B7809E" lastPageNumber="393" masterDocId="564A467951EF5C8A883587B138B7809E" masterDocTitle="Review of the Australian and New Zealand orb-weaving spider genus Novakiella (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="405" masterPageNumber="393" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" updateTime="1643429406696" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the Australian and New Zealand orb-weaving spider genus Novakiella (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-3831</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia & Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia & Centrum fuer Naturkunde (CeNak), Universitaet Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">volker.framenau@murdoch.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vink, Cor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-0117</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Pest-management and Conservation, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand & Centrum fuer Naturkunde (CeNak), Universitaet Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoology Section, Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baptista, Renner L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castanheira, Pedro de S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia & Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-07-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>97</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>393</mods:start>
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<mods:end>405</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.67788</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.67788</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-393</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A32F2CCD3CB8457087D13B38CA555E3C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">564A467951EF5C8A883587B138B7809E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="taxonomy">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183822034" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2181EC8F-7BE5-4ECD-92EC-9FB21DD4B177" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2181EC8F-7BE5-4ECD-92EC-9FB21DD4B177" authority="Framenau & Vink & Scharff & Baptista & Castanheira, 2021" authorityName="Framenau & Vink & Scharff & Baptista & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Novakiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novakiella boletus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boletus" status="sp. nov.">Novakiella boletus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="393">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution records of Novakiella trituberculosa (green circles) and Novakiella boletus sp. nov. (red stars) in Australia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570637" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">, 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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Holotype male from Maits Rest, 10 km W of Apollo Bay, Otway Ranges, Victoria, AUSTRALIA,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-38.75">38°45'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="143" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="143.56667">143°34'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 16.iii.1992, G. Milledge leg. (MV K9867).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-04-12" collectingDateMax="2010-04-13" collectingDateMin="2010-04-12" collectorName="M. G. Rix, D. Harms" country="AUSTRALIA" latitude="-31.816387" location="Gemini Road Loop" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="150.17528" municipality="Coolah Tops National Park" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<collectingCountry name="Australia">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="New South Wales">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Coolah Tops National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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, off
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30:444B03AA0C20D174CC3DC055D827EDB5" country="AUSTRALIA" latitude="-31.816387" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="150.17528" municipality="Coolah Tops National Park" name="Gemini Road Loop" stateProvince="New South Wales">Gemini Road Loop</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-31.816387">31°48'59"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="150.17528">150°10'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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, beating,
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<collectingDate value="2010-04-12" valueMax="2010-04-13" valueMin="2010-04-12">12-13.iv.2010</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>M. G. Rix</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>D. Harms</collectorName>
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leg. (WAM T102788)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1987-11-09" collectorName="D. Hirst" country="Australia" latitude="-35.983334" location="Kangaroo Island" longLatPrecision="1190" longitude="136.9" municipality="Kelly Hill Caves" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="South Australia">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Kelly Hill Caves</collectingMunicipality>
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camping area,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30:CD2423EAF51ABF1BA7B1C891F9495D74" country="Australia" latitude="-35.983334" longLatPrecision="1190" longitude="136.9" municipality="Kelly Hill Caves" name="Kangaroo Island" stateProvince="South Australia">Kangaroo Island</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-35.983334">35°59'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="136.9">136°54'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1987-11-09">09.xi.1987</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>D. Hirst</collectorName>
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leg. (SAM)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-03-20" collectingDateMax="1990-03-27" collectingDateMin="1990-03-20" collectingMethod="pitfall traps" collectorName="D. Hirst" country="Australia" latitude="-35.033333" location="Loftia Recreation Park" longLatPrecision="1195" longitude="138.7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30:7EA23F336D2B3726578A07F206F7A41B" country="Australia" latitude="-35.033333" longLatPrecision="1195" longitude="138.7" name="Loftia Recreation Park" stateProvince="South Australia">Loftia Recreation Park</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-35.033333">35°02'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="138.7">138°42'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingMethod>pitfall traps</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1990-03-20" valueMax="1990-03-27" valueMin="1990-03-20">20-27.iii.1990</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>D. Hirst</collectorName>
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leg. (SAM)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1966-02-08" collectorName="A. Neboiss" country="Australia" latitude="-43.083332" location="Arthur Plains" longLatPrecision="1146" longitude="146.26666" municipality="Junction Creek" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tasmania">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Tasmania">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Junction Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30:B0E38A5A5A29AD2D4A0249061BA8D948" country="Australia" latitude="-43.083332" longLatPrecision="1146" longitude="146.26666" municipality="Junction Creek" name="Arthur Plains" stateProvince="Tasmania">Arthur Plains</location>
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West,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="south" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-43.083332">43°5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="146.26666">146°16'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1966-02-08">08.ii.1966</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>A. Neboiss</collectorName>
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leg. (MV K9862)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-05" country="Australia" latitude="-41.04739" location="Beechford" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.98915" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Tasmania">
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<specimenCount type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="km" value="3.8">3.8 km</quantity>
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SE of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30:A152A4CB13B3268080A9A55B8D88638E" country="Australia" latitude="-41.04739" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.98915" name="Beechford" stateProvince="Tasmania">Beechford</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.6" value="-41.04739">41°02'50.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.94" value="146.98915">146°59'20.94"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2021-05">May 2021</collectingDate>
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, vehicle vibration (QVM:2021:13:0514-5, 2021:13:0517) (examination by image)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Australia" latitude="-37.883335" location="Sherbrook Forest" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="145.35" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Victoria">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEDC3304F2505D499D663DE75301CE30:E978BCE395E5158E07A185D63C344E88" country="Australia" latitude="-37.883335" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="145.35" name="Sherbrook Forest" stateProvince="Victoria">Sherbrook Forest</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-37.883335">37°53'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="145.35">145°21'E</geoCoordinate>
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(MV K9864)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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The specific epithet is a Latin noun in apposition -
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Vink & Scharff & Baptista & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Novakiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novakiella boletus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boletus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Novakiella boletus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- meaning mushroom and it refers to the distinctly mushroom-shaped conductor lobe that is reminiscent of a chanterelle (
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiidae" genus="Cantharellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cantharellus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Cantharellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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Male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. boletus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boletus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. boletus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. trituberculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. trituberculosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the weaker apico-prolateral spur on the tibia of leg II (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Novakiella trituberculosa, male (WAM T 73571). A. Dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. Left pedipalp, mesal view; D. Left pedipalp, ventral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm; E, 1.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570631" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">1E</figureCitation>
|
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vs Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">5C</figureCitation>
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) and the morphology of key pedipalp sclerites, specifically the mushroom-shaped conductor lobe (two-lobed in
|
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. trituberculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. trituberculosa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Novakiella trituberculosa, male (WAM T 73571). A. Dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. Left pedipalp, mesal view; D. Left pedipalp, ventral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm; E, 1.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570631" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">1C</figureCitation>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">vs</emphasis>
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Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">5F</figureCitation>
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). Females of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. boletus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boletus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. boletus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. differ from those of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. trituberculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. trituberculosa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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by details in the epigyne plate, specifically its transverse wrinkles that are more pronounced and mainly limited to the lateral margins in
|
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. trituberculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. trituberculosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Novakiella trituberculosa, female (WAM T 73556). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Cleared epigyne, ventral view; E. Cleared epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; S, scape; Sp, spermatheca. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C-E, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570633" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">3C</figureCitation>
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vs Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Description.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Male</emphasis>
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(based on holotype, MV K9867): Total length: 6.44. Carapace (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4A</figureCitation>
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) 2.41 long, 2.08 wide, reddish-brown with black lateral margins, and yellowish setae mainly on the subquadrate cephalic area, fovea longer than wide, covered by a long black spot. Eyes ringed in black, lateral ones located on small tubercles (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4A</figureCitation>
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|
). AME 0.22, ALE 0.10, PME 0.16, PLE 0.13; row of eyes: AME 0.58, PME 0.36, PLE 0.85. Chelicerae with paturon dark brown and fangs reddish brown; four promarginal teeth with the apical and third largest, three retromarginal teeth of equal size (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Legs (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4A, B</figureCitation>
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) yellowish-brown, mottled with chestnut brown spots; tibia of leg II with spur represented by a small apico-prolateral bulge that carries a strong macroseta; femur IV darker than other legs; leg formula IV> I> II> III; length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I - 4.16 + 1.56 + 3.70 + 3.25 + 1.17 = 13.84, II - 3.38 + 1.36 + 2.92 + 0.90 + 1.11 = 9.67, III - 2.34 + 0.78 + 1.36 + 1.30 + 0.78 = 6.56, IV - 3.51 +0.97 + 2.40 + 2.21 + 0.91 = 9.94. Labium wider than long, subtriangular and brown, with beige apical portion (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
); endites rounded, light brown with beige edges (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Sternum a little longer than wide, reddish brown, with thick darker and wavy contour and yellowish centrally placed guanine patch (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Abdomen (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) 3.58 long, 2.34 wide; subtriangular, longer than wide, humeral humps conspicuous and posterior end reaching over spinnerets; dorsum yellowish-brown, with diamond-shaped patch with dark contour and a black longitudinal median line from pedicel towards posterior end, meagerly covered with long brown setae; sides beige with sparse black lines and yellow setae; venter beige irregularly covered with black spots. Pedipalps (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Left tibia, ventral view; D. Left pedipalp, mesal view; E. Left pedipalp, ventral view, F. left pedipalp, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570634" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">4D-F</figureCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">5</figureCitation>
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|
) length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + cymbium = total length): 0.78 + 0.32 + 0.26 + 1.04 = 2.40; radix thick; conductor lobe mushroom-shaped, with a projected base ending in a rounded tip and a large apical lamellar portion, which is concave at its middle portion, expanded into a wide rounded mesal projection and with its ectal border bearing a dense and dark field of scale-like structures; terminal apophysis apically projected, and longer than wide, slightly twisted and tapering to its tip; conductor rectangular and projected from behind embolus into a flat tip; embolus very thick and long, ending in a very sclerotised distally curved tip; median apophysis stout, with a smaller basal portion and a strong median curvature, ending in a long and flattened basally pointing acute projection.
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</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Female</emphasis>
|
|
(SAM; from Kelly Hill Caves camping area, Kangaroo Island): Total length 8.5. Carapace (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6A</figureCitation>
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) 3.7 long, 2.9 wide, as in male but with larger anterior portion. Eyes, chelicerae, legs, labium, endites and sternum generally as in male (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6A, B</figureCitation>
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|
). Eye measurements: AME 0.2, ALE 0.11, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15; row of eyes: AME 0.68, PME 49, PLE 1.46. Pedipalp length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + cymbium = total length): 1.14 + 0.50 + 0.49 + 1.18 = 3.31. Leg formula IV> I> II> III; and length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I - 4.00 + 1.62 + 3.20 + 3.00 + 1.02 = 12.84, II - 3.75 + 1.60 + 2.89 + 0.96 + 0.99 = 10.19, III - 2.40 + 0.91 + 1.44 + 1.45 + 0.86 = 7.06, IV - 4.12 + 1.40 + 2.58 + 2.53 + 1.05 = 11.68. Abdomen (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6A, B</figureCitation>
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) 4.5 long, 4.5 wide, with a more pronounced subtriangular shape than the male, dorsum with colour similar to male, except for the lighter folium and absent median line; venter as in male. Epigyne (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6C</figureCitation>
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) plate trapezoidal with a rectangular anterior portion, crossed by long transverse wrinkles; scape broken off, but with a wide rectangular torn basis (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6C</figureCitation>
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). Spermatheca was not dissected to preserve the only available female specimen.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="habitat">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Habitat preferences and life history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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|
Mature males of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. boletus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boletus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. boletus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. were collected between February and April, females were found in May and November. Habitat descriptions include
|
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<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus cunninghamii" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="cunninghamii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Nothofagus cunninghamii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Myrtle Beech) forest,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus amygdalina" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amygdalina">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Eucalyptus amygdalina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
coastal forest, and "eucalypt forest with tree fern gully", suggesting this species occurs predominantly in temperate forests and rainforests.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
|
|
Males and female
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="N." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. boletus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boletus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">N. boletus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. have not been found together, but somatic features such as size range, carapace (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
vs Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6A</figureCitation>
|
|
), sternum (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">5B</figureCitation>
|
|
vs Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6B</figureCitation>
|
|
) and leg (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., male holotype (MV K 9867), expanded left pedipalp. mesal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ra, radix; TA, terminal apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570635" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
vs Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Novakiella boletus sp. nov., female (SAM). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory openings; L, lips; S, scape. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm, C, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570636" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">6A</figureCitation>
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) colouration match well and they are currently assumed to be the same species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
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This new species is only known from Australia, specifically New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution records of Novakiella trituberculosa (green circles) and Novakiella boletus sp. nov. (red stars) in Australia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.67788.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/570637" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |