379 lines
49 KiB
XML
379 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1150-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" ID-ZooBank="A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1150-1" checkinTime="1677664009133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C." docDate="2023" docId="9C441BE424F15EB78327E17097A6E563" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1150: 1-189" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1150" docPubDate="2023-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" docTitle="Karaops nitmiluk Crews 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="183953E4-D180-462D-B4EF-C502FD9E0604" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" masterDocTitle="But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1677664009133" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6236</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">screwsemail@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1150</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>189</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1150-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:183953E4-D180-462D-B4EF-C502FD9E0604" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C441BE424F15EB78327E17097A6E563" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/183953E4-D180-462D-B4EF-C502FD9E0604" authority="Crews, 2023" authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk" status="sp. nov.">Karaops nitmiluk</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 10C-G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 12. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory A epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890) B same, endogyne C paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel _ 1339, MAGNT A 004895) D same, endogyne E same F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13A-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Map 1. Map of Australia showing areas that are expanded in subsequent figures. CD = Central Desert group, D = Karaops dawara group, F = Karaops francesae group, K = Kimberley group, UA = species that are not assigned to a group, PG = Pilbara-Gascoyne group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Maps 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 5" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Map 5. Species of the Karaops dawara species group; green = Karaops yumbu, pink = Karaops dawara, blue = Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., purple = juvenile from Cutta Cutta Cave, orange = juvenile from Wongalara Wildlife Sanctuary, red = Karaops jawayway sp. nov. Juveniles are treated as distinct species based on molecular data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-06-01" collectorName="S. Crews, J. DeJong" county="Baruwei Walk" latitude="-14.313989" location="Northern Territory" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.42311" municipality="Nitmiluk National Park" specimenCount="♀" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C441BE424F15EB78327E17097A6E563:5BCFDD2A21829C51C90699A356610960" county="Baruwei Walk" latitude="-14.313989" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.42311" municipality="Nitmiluk National Park" name="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</location>
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•
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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(reared in captivity);
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<collectingMunicipality>Nitmiluk National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Baruwei Walk</collectingCounty>
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; vic.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.36" value="-14.313989">14°18'50.36"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.16" value="132.42311">132°25'23.16"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2016-06-01">1 Jun. 2016</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>S. Crews</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. DeJong</collectorName>
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leg.; on rocks at night; sel_1333; SCC16_071; (MAGNT A004906)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-06-02" collectorName="S. Crews, J. DeJong" latitude="-14.179278" location="Nitmiluk National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.18877" municipality="Leliyn" specimenCount="♀" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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(reared in captivity);
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C441BE424F15EB78327E17097A6E563:AB78D8B40499255EB4DAC7B878B42BC4" latitude="-14.179278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.18877" municipality="Leliyn" name="Nitmiluk National Park">Nitmiluk National Park</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Leliyn</collectingMunicipality>
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; vic.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.40" value="-14.179278">14°10'45.40"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.58" value="132.18877">132°11'19.58"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2016-06-02">2 Jun. 2016</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>S. Crews</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. DeJong</collectorName>
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leg.; under rocks along trail during the day; sel_1339; SCC16_072; (MAGNT A004895)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus isOtherTypeStatus="true">Other material examined</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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(reared in captivity),
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="S. Crews & J. DeJong" county="Baruwei Walk" latitude="-14.313989" location="Northern Territory" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.42311" municipality="Nitmiluk National Park" specimenCount="3">
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<specimenCount type="generic">3 imm.</specimenCount>
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, same data as holotype; sel_1334-1337; (MAGNT A004890-A004893)
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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(reared in captivity),
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="S. Crews & J. DeJong" latitude="-14.179278" location="Nitmiluk National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.18877" municipality="Leliyn" specimenCount="3">
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<specimenCount type="generic">3 imm.</specimenCount>
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; same data as paratype; sel_1338, 1340-1342; (MAGNT A004894, A004896-A004898)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Females of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11B, D, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 12. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory A epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890) B same, endogyne C paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel _ 1339, MAGNT A 004895) D same, endogyne E same F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13B</figureCitation>
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) are most similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jawayway" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jawayway">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jawayway</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 14. Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905) A preserved B alive C epigyne, pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes D endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold, AB = accessory bulb E epigyne F endogyne. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14B</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. dawara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dawara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. dawara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the tortuous copulatory ducts (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13C, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 14. Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905) A preserved B alive C epigyne, pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes D endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold, AB = accessory bulb E epigyne F endogyne. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14C-F</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 79, 80) and the unsclerotized part of the copulatory ducts. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. nitmiluk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. nitmiluk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., the copulatory ducts are of mostly uniform diameter throughout their length and are straight or slightly curved anterior to posterior (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10C</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 12. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory A epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890) B same, endogyne C paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel _ 1339, MAGNT A 004895) D same, endogyne E same F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jawayway" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jawayway">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jawayway</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., they are wide from the copulatory openings, narrowing posteriorly and curving outward within the first third of their length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 14. Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905) A preserved B alive C epigyne, pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes D endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold, AB = accessory bulb E epigyne F endogyne. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. nitmiluk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the sclerotized portion of the copulatory ducts nearly reaches the epigynal windows where the copulatory openings are located. Additionally, the sclerotized portion of the ducts has coils that largely run anterior to posterior, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jawayway" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jawayway">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jawayway</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., they are more than one diameter of the sclerotized ducts away from the epigynal windows, and the ducts are mostly horizontal. In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. dawara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dawara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. dawara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ducts are horizontal and thin, with longer lengths between turns, and the accessory bulbs are easily visible at the anterior part of the copulatory duct. In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. nitmiluk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the accessory bulbs are very difficult to discern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Map 5" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Map 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops dawara" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dawara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops dawara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group; green =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops yumbu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yumbu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops yumbu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pink =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops dawara" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dawara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops dawara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, blue =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., purple = juvenile from Cutta Cutta Cave, orange = juvenile from Wongalara Wildlife Sanctuary, red =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jawayway" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jawayway">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jawayway</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Juveniles are treated as distinct species based on molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F17">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel_1334, MAGNT A004890)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
same, endogyne
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel_1339, MAGNT A004895)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
same, endogyne
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
same
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jawayway" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jawayway">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jawayway</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops dawara" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dawara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops dawara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel_1342, MAGNT A004898)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
same
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
same, epigyne
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
same, endogyne
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jawayway" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jawayway">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jawayway</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel_1349, MAGNT A004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jawayway" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jawayway">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jawayway</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel_1349, MAGNT A004905)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
preserved
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
alive
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne, pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold, AB = accessory bulb
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
endogyne. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype). Total length 4.55. Carapace: length 2.18, width 2.42. Chelicerae: promargin with five teeth, the fourth one, closest to base of fang, larger than others, retromargin with three teeth. Eyes: AER recurved, PER strongly recurved; diameters AME 0.13, ALE 0.10, PME 0.20, PLE 0.26; interdistances AME-PME 0.06, PME-ALE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.27, PME-PME 0.77, ALE-ALE 1.05, AME-AME 0.37, PLE-PLE 1.34. Sternum: length 1.08, width 1.05. Abdomen: length 2.37, width 2.01. Color (in life/preserved): Carapace: pale brownish yellow with two pairs of dark spots behind ocular area laterally, dark near furrow, dark patch posteriorly, setose with white setae behind eyes, three pairs of dark spots laterally, some whitish patches/more orangish tan with markings less conspicuous. Chelicerae: tan, paturon with a longitudinal curved mark frontally, setae sparse, pale, darkened anteromedially. Maxillae: yellowish brown. Labium: tan, pale distally. Sternum: yellowish. Abdomen: dorsally with anterior reddish brown medial anchor-shaped marking extended about halfway posteriorly, dark markings laterally, two dark chevrons ~ 1/3 from posterior, anteriormost extended to lateral edges, posterior are not/same markings but colors more orangey than yellowish; ventrally yellowish brown. Spinnerets: orangey/yellowish. Legs: grayish in situ (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
), yellowish ex situ (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
)/yellowish tan (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 12. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory A epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890) B same, endogyne C paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel _ 1339, MAGNT A 004895) D same, endogyne E same F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
), Cx anteriorly with dark mark, Tr with dark dot, Fm I basally with dark markings anteriorly, proximally with annulation with slightly dusky area, dusky area at Fm-Pt joint, Pt with dark annulation at Pt-Ti joint, Ti with dusky annulation with darker edges, dark annulation at Ti-Mt joint, Mt with dark annulation at Mt-Ta joint, Ta tip dusky; Fm ventrally with flat, white setae enlarged distally, spines dark at base, lightened to orange distally, sometimes darkened at tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 11. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops dawara from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) B Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. C Karaops dawara, female holotype, Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory (WAM T 54998) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906) E Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., arrows indicate orange and black spines (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816395" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
); spination leg I Fm d 1-1-1, pr 1-1-0, Ti v 2-2-2-2-2-2, Mt v 2-2-2-2; leg II Fm d 1-1-1, Ti v 2-2-2-2-2-2, Mt v 2-2-2-2; leg III Fm d 1-1-1; leg IV Fm d 1-1-1; leg formula 3241; measurements leg I 9.36 (2.77, 1.07, 2.42, 1.97, 1.13); leg II 10.81 (3.40, 1.01, 2.93, 2.26, 1.21); leg III 11.14 (3.54, 1.09, 2.82, 2.35, 1.34); leg IV 10.38 (3.26, 1.02, 2.55, 2.30, 1.25). Palp: spination Fm d 0-1-3; 2.39 (0.77, 0.38, 0.54, 0.70); claw with five teeth. Epigyne: EP squarish, rounded or truncate anteriorly; MF unsclerotized, diamond to oval shaped, with EWs; LLs distinct, abutting one another posteriorly, COs located at EWs; Endogyne: CDs asymmetrical, unsclerotized at origin, forming one large coil dorsally, sclerotized at point where they coil ventrally, tortuous; ABs are difficult to see; S located posteriorly, FDs long, extended anterolaterally, small pdf (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 12. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory A epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890) B same, endogyne C paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel _ 1339, MAGNT A 004895) D same, endogyne E same F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) The epigyne and endogyne of each individual differ in EW size and shape, MF shape, overall shape of the EP, anterior sclerotized portion of the CDs, the direction of ducts, the number of coils, where and how the unsclerotized portion connects to the sclerotized portion, size and shape of pdf, and size and shape of FDs (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 12. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. from Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory A epigyne, Baruwei Walk (sel _ 1334, MAGNT A 004890) B same, endogyne C paratype, epigyne, Leliyn (sel _ 1339, MAGNT A 004895) D same, endogyne E same F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D); 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 13. Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. and Karaops jawayway sp. nov. from the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., Leliyn, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1342, MAGNT A 004898) B same C same, epigyne D same, endogyne E Karaops jawayway sp. nov., holotype, Savannah Way, Northern Territory (sel _ 1349, MAGNT A 004905). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are different enough that one might consider them separate species had they not been collected from the same place at the same time and did not have independent molecular data supporting the hypothesis that they are the same species. The sample sel_1342 is more reddish brown dorsally/brown. Body length range: 4.40-4.71.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species name is derived from the name of the type locality. Nitmiluk is the Jawoyn name for Katherine Gorge and means "Cicada Place". Noun in apposition.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known from only Nitmuluk National Park, Northern Territory.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. occurs in the Pine Creek subregion of the Pine Creek bioregion. It contains eucalypt woodland and monsoon forest patches. The climate is tropical monsoonal, with most rainfall between November and March. Surveys have been conducted for birds, mammals, reptiles and plants, but there is no information on the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bioregion’s">bioregion's</normalizedToken>
|
||
invertebrate fauna. For information related to rearing, see Suppl. material 2: tables S1, S2). This species has been collected under rocks and on rock walls at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The internal ducts and other features of the endogyne are transparent and thus very difficult to see. They were temporarily stained with chlorazol black. Despite the very small sample size, it is notable that the two adult females from Leliyn were penultimate and matured at nearly the exact same time, but there were more months in between the penultimate and adult stages in the specimens from Baruwei. The latter during hot, transitioning to wet, the others, cool, dry and hot, dry to penultimate, and hot and wet to adulthood. Most lived several months after reaching adulthood. The two populations are genetically distinct (Suppl. material 1), but the sample size is small and no consistent morphological differences have been found, so they are described as the same species. Further collecting and rearing of males will help to arrive at conclusions regarding temporal overlap and species boundaries.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |