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155 lines
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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3245327" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bf3a9f5-cd36-4be6-bba9-49607815bcd0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3245327" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="3" checkinTime="1559900965784" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Holtz, T. R." docDate="2001" docId="03EE87AEFFA3FF8EFD32F9488E47059E" docLanguage="en" docName="Holtz2001TyrannosauridaeGS.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Bloomington: Indiana University Press" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus bataar Maleev 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFD7FFD6FFA5FF89FFE1FFFB8A660428" masterDocTitle="The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="64" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1645527105248" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Holtz, T. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued>2001</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2001-12-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Indiana University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm>Bloomington</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tanke D. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mesozoic Vertebrate Life</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3245327</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3245327</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5204492" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157436203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5204492" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE87AEFFA3FF8EFD32F9488E47059E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE87AEFFA3FF8EFD32F9488E47059E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection box="[723,1352,1715,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[645,1850,159,2654]" box="[723,1352,1715,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName authority="Maleev 1955 a" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[723,1347,1715,1751]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[723,1093,1715,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tyrannosaurus bataar</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Maleev" box="[1106,1347,1716,1751]" firstAuthor="Maleev" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi akademii Nauk S. S. S. R" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="634 - 637" part="104" refId="ref5616" refString="Maleev, E. A. 1955 a. Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia.] Dokladi akademii Nauk S. S. S. R, 104 634 - 637. (In Russian.)" title="Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="a">Maleev 1955a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[645,1850,159,2654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">
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As used here, this species includes several specimens previously referred to other taxa:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="efremovi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tarbosaurus efremoui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Maleev, E. A." box="[810,1060,1814,1851]" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi akademii Naaft S. S. S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="779 - 782" part="I 04" refId="ref5653" refString="Maleev, E. A. 1955 b. [New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. l Dokladi akademii Naaft S. S. S. R. I 04: 779 - 782. (In Russian.)" title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="book chapter" year="1955">Maleev 1995b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Maleev 1955 b" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1085,1757,1815,1853]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancinator">
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<emphasis box="[1085,1492,1815,1852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Gorgosaurus lancinator</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Maleev" box="[1508,1757,1816,1853]" firstAuthor="Maleev" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi akademii Naaft S. S. S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="779 - 782" part="I 04" refId="ref5653" refString="Maleev, E. A. 1955 b. [New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. l Dokladi akademii Naaft S. S. S. R. I 04: 779 - 782. (In Russian.)" title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="book chapter" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Maleev 1955b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1992" box="[645,1084,1865,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
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<emphasis box="[645,1084,1865,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Maleevosaurus novojilovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Maleev" box="[1116,1367,1863,1901]" firstAuthor="Maleev" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi akademii Naaft S. S. S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="779 - 782" part="I 04" refId="ref5653" refString="Maleev, E. A. 1955 b. [New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. l Dokladi akademii Naaft S. S. S. R. I 04: 779 - 782. (In Russian.)" title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="book chapter" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Maleev 1955b</bibRefCitation>
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). As with
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<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J." box="[1552,1836,1864,1903]" editor="M. Benton & E. Kurochkin & M. Shiskin & D. Unwin" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge Univer- sity Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" refId="ref4795" refString="Currie, P. J. in press. Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. In M. Benton, E. Kurochkin, M. Shiskin, and D. Unwin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press." title="Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia" year="in press">Currie (in press)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Carr" box="[720,930,1913,1952]" firstAuthor="Carr" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="497 - 520" part="19" refId="ref4655" refString="Carr, T. D. 1999. Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 497 - 520." title="Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)" type="journal article" year="1999">Carr (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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,the present study considers these taxa a growth series of a single species, rather than two (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter" box="[1308,1591,1963,2003]" editor="N. Mateer & P. - J. Chen" firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Beijing: China Ocean Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref4605" refString="Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America. In N. Mateer and P. - J. Chen (eds.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology, pp. 250 - 268. Beijing: China Ocean Press." title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology" year="1992">Carpenter 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) or three (
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<bibRefCitation author="Olshevsky" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Olshevsky" journalOrPublisher="Kyoryugaku saizensen" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="92 - 119" part="9" refId="ref5959" refString="Olshevsky, G., T. L. Ford, and S. Yamamoto. 1995 a. [The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 1]. Kyoryugaku saizensen 9: 92 - 119. (In Japanese.)" title="The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 1" type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Olshevsky et al., 1995 a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Olshevsky" box="[1004,1026,2019,2052]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Olshevsky" journalOrPublisher="Kyoryugaku saizensen" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="75 - 99" part="10" refId="ref6004" refString="Olshevsky G., T. L. Ford, and S. Yamamaoto. 1995 b. [The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 2]. Kyoryugaku saizensen I 0: 75 - 99. (In Japanese.)" title="The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 2" type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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) different genera.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1343,1713,2018,2053]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[1343,1591,2019,2053]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[1607,1713,2018,2053]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is from the Nemegt Formation (Early Maastrichtian) of Mongolia: numerous isolated elements and teeth from comparable aged units in China might be referable to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[908,1057,2168,2202]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[908,1057,2168,2202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">T. bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[645,1850,159,2654]" lastBlockId="7.[185,1388,149,2646]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">
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The hypothesis of
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<bibRefCitation author="Olshevsky" box="[1039,1441,2212,2253]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Olshevsky" journalOrPublisher="Kyoryugaku saizensen" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="92 - 119" part="9" refId="ref5959" refString="Olshevsky, G., T. L. Ford, and S. Yamamoto. 1995 a. [The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 1]. Kyoryugaku saizensen 9: 92 - 119. (In Japanese.)" title="The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 1" type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">
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Olshevsky et
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<emphasis box="[1269,1305,2216,2253]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">al</emphasis>
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. (1995a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Olshevsky" box="[1451,1471,2212,2250]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Olshevsky" journalOrPublisher="Kyoryugaku saizensen" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="75 - 99" part="10" refId="ref6004" refString="Olshevsky G., T. L. Ford, and S. Yamamaoto. 1995 b. [The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 2]. Kyoryugaku saizensen I 0: 75 - 99. (In Japanese.)" title="The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids, part 2" type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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) that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1583,1738,2212,2255]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[1583,1738,2212,2255]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">T bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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isless closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[953,1274,2267,2303]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[953,1274,2267,2303]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than the latter is to other North American tyrannosaurines is not supported: instead numerous synapomorphies strongly unite the Asian taxon with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1506,1835,2368,2403]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[1506,1835,2368,2403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Given the number of these similarities, the original name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tyrannosaurus bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is retained. However the use of the name
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1513,1840,2468,2503]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[1513,1840,2468,2503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">Tarbosaurus bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as in
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<bibRefCitation author="Russell" box="[751,975,2518,2553]" firstAuthor="Russell" journalOrPublisher="National Musewm Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - - 34" part="1" refId="ref6245" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Musewm Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="journal volume" year="1970">Russell 1970</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Molnar" box="[997,1331,2515,2554]" editor="D. B. Weishampel & P. Dodson & H. Osmolska" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Berkeley: University of California Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" pagination="169 - 209" refId="ref5835" refString="Molnar, R. E., S. M. Kurzanov, and Z. - M. Dong. 1990. Carnosauria. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria, pp. 169 - 209. Berkeley: University of California Press." title="Carnosauria" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">
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Molnar et
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<emphasis box="[1187,1221,2518,2553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="70">al</emphasis>
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. 1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J." box="[1350,1603,2516,2554]" editor="M. Benton & E. Kurochkin & M. Shiskin & D. Unwin" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge Univer- sity Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="70" refId="ref4795" refString="Currie, P. J. in press. Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. In M. Benton, E. Kurochkin, M. Shiskin, and D. Unwin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press." title="Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia" year="in press">Currie in press</bibRefCitation>
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) would be no less appropriate phylogenetically. The juvenile and subadult material demonstrates some of the autapomorphies found in the adults: the type skull of "
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[340,756,149,188]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancinator">
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<emphasis box="[340,756,149,188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="71">Gorgosaurus lancinator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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" shows 12.0 and73.1;the type material of "
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<emphasis box="[346,606,204,237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="71">Maleeuosauruzs</emphasis>
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" shows 84.2 and 102.1.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1021,1170,197,229]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[1021,1170,197,229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="71">T.bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the most reduced foreiimbs known within
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<taxonomicName box="[1022,1309,252,287]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae</taxonomicName>
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: the general theropod reduction in digital and metacarpal elements from digit V toward digit I (
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<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, G. P. & A. Gauthier" box="[583,1059,350,389]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA" pageId="7" pageNumber="71" pagination="5111 - 5116" part="96" refId="ref6393" refString="' Wagner, G. P., and A. Gauthier. 1999. t, 2,3 2,3,4: A solution to the J. = problem of the homology of the digits in the avian hand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96: 5111 - 5116." title="t, 2,3 2,3,4: A solution to the J. = problem of the homology of the digits in the avian hand" type="journal article" year="1999">Wagner and Gauthier 1999</bibRefCitation>
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) is seen developed further in this species than in other tyrannosaurids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |